![The controversy space on Quaternary megafaunal extinctions](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/001853424_1-c5e5e479e48204a70887e98bf3955b50-300x300.png)
The controversy space on Quaternary megafaunal extinctions
... 3.1.2. Island overkill 3.1.3. Protracted overkill 3.2. Indirect killing 3.2.1. Competition with predators 3.2.2. Niche construction (Sitzkrieg, habitat destruction: from fires to agriculture) 3.3.3. Coup de grace (partial effect) ...
... 3.1.2. Island overkill 3.1.3. Protracted overkill 3.2. Indirect killing 3.2.1. Competition with predators 3.2.2. Niche construction (Sitzkrieg, habitat destruction: from fires to agriculture) 3.3.3. Coup de grace (partial effect) ...
Mammals - Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service
... are under threat from the same processes that have led to their extinction on the mainland — habitat loss and fragmentation of the habitat, predation and competition from introduced animals such as cats, dogs, foxes and ...
... are under threat from the same processes that have led to their extinction on the mainland — habitat loss and fragmentation of the habitat, predation and competition from introduced animals such as cats, dogs, foxes and ...
Self-extinction due to adaptive change in foraging and anti
... • Matsuda H, Abrams PA (1994a) Runaway evolution to self-extinction under asymmetric competition. Evolution 48:1764-1772. • Matsuda H, Abrams PA (1994b) Timid consumers: self-extinction due to adaptive change in foraging and anti-predator effort. Theor Pop Biol 45:76-91. • Matsuda H, Abrams PA (2004 ...
... • Matsuda H, Abrams PA (1994a) Runaway evolution to self-extinction under asymmetric competition. Evolution 48:1764-1772. • Matsuda H, Abrams PA (1994b) Timid consumers: self-extinction due to adaptive change in foraging and anti-predator effort. Theor Pop Biol 45:76-91. • Matsuda H, Abrams PA (2004 ...
P.S-Dvckk
... Many species will be unaffected by this area dependence since the island may be larger than their range. However, those widespread species whose ranges fill the island are unable to take advantage of a lower extinction rate the way they could if they were on a bigger island and could ex tend their r ...
... Many species will be unaffected by this area dependence since the island may be larger than their range. However, those widespread species whose ranges fill the island are unable to take advantage of a lower extinction rate the way they could if they were on a bigger island and could ex tend their r ...
White-Throated Monitor
... Until 1989 the white-throated monitor and the savanna monitor were considered to be the same species. Monitors fill an important niche in their habitats, often being one of the only large land carnivores. Of the 31 species of monitors found throughout the world, 24 of them occur in areas without ter ...
... Until 1989 the white-throated monitor and the savanna monitor were considered to be the same species. Monitors fill an important niche in their habitats, often being one of the only large land carnivores. Of the 31 species of monitors found throughout the world, 24 of them occur in areas without ter ...
12.4 - Factors Affecting Population Growth
... decrease in size, which in turn will lead to an increase in extinction rate of that species, a decrease in individual fitness. Allee Effect – is a density-dependent phenomenon that occurs when a population cannot survive or fails to reproduce enough to offset mortality once the population density is ...
... decrease in size, which in turn will lead to an increase in extinction rate of that species, a decrease in individual fitness. Allee Effect – is a density-dependent phenomenon that occurs when a population cannot survive or fails to reproduce enough to offset mortality once the population density is ...
Invariant size–frequency distributions along a latitudinal gradient in
... individual bivalve species by using the relationship between size and mass given above. There is considerable debate on the estimation of Co and C1 (11, 42–47). We have followed refs. 10 and 42 in calculating these coefficients because the parameters used in those studies are readily available for s ...
... individual bivalve species by using the relationship between size and mass given above. There is considerable debate on the estimation of Co and C1 (11, 42–47). We have followed refs. 10 and 42 in calculating these coefficients because the parameters used in those studies are readily available for s ...
Notes: This nautilus lives in waters at a depth of 600
... – were most extensive in the marine realm, – particularly in the reef and pelagic communities ...
... – were most extensive in the marine realm, – particularly in the reef and pelagic communities ...
Chapter 15: The Neogene
... o Hypotheses of Human Origins – Ever since Darwin, various hypothesis have been proposed for the evolution of humans; these are almost constantly being revised or disputer on often fragmentary fossil evidence o Why Did Hominids Leave Africa? – Various factors possible responsible for human migration ...
... o Hypotheses of Human Origins – Ever since Darwin, various hypothesis have been proposed for the evolution of humans; these are almost constantly being revised or disputer on often fragmentary fossil evidence o Why Did Hominids Leave Africa? – Various factors possible responsible for human migration ...
Life History Evolution
... That is, what if extrinsic mortality is high? Should favor early reproduction Should decrease selection for longevity Austad studied Virginia opossum – Mainland, lots of predators, high extrinsic mortality – Island, few predators, low extrinsic mortality ...
... That is, what if extrinsic mortality is high? Should favor early reproduction Should decrease selection for longevity Austad studied Virginia opossum – Mainland, lots of predators, high extrinsic mortality – Island, few predators, low extrinsic mortality ...
34_DetailLectOut_AR
... All of the 30 or so species of hagfishes are marine scavengers, feeding on worms and sick or dead fish. Rows of slime glands along a hagfish’s body produce small amounts of slime perhaps to repulse other scavengers or larger amounts to deter a potential predator. ...
... All of the 30 or so species of hagfishes are marine scavengers, feeding on worms and sick or dead fish. Rows of slime glands along a hagfish’s body produce small amounts of slime perhaps to repulse other scavengers or larger amounts to deter a potential predator. ...
Mammals - USD 271 Stockton
... The only order of mammals that is oviparous (egg laying). Duck-billed platypus & spiny anteater 2. Marsupialia These mammals are born before their development is complete. Thus, the newborns use their front legs to pull themselves into the mother’s pouch. Inside the pouch are mammary glands fo ...
... The only order of mammals that is oviparous (egg laying). Duck-billed platypus & spiny anteater 2. Marsupialia These mammals are born before their development is complete. Thus, the newborns use their front legs to pull themselves into the mother’s pouch. Inside the pouch are mammary glands fo ...
Inducing Evolution in Bean Beetles
... and individuals differ in their survival and reproductive success as a consequence of the particular character of a trait. For example, if adult body mass varied in a population and the risk of predation were greater among the smallest individuals in the population, then the larger individuals would ...
... and individuals differ in their survival and reproductive success as a consequence of the particular character of a trait. For example, if adult body mass varied in a population and the risk of predation were greater among the smallest individuals in the population, then the larger individuals would ...
Chapter 34
... The Placoderms had paired pectoral and pelvic fins. The fins were weak. Giants of 9 meters length are known, others were only a few centimeters long. Another group of jawed vertebrates called acanthodians radiated in the Devonian. Acanthodians were closely related to the ancestors of osteichthyans ...
... The Placoderms had paired pectoral and pelvic fins. The fins were weak. Giants of 9 meters length are known, others were only a few centimeters long. Another group of jawed vertebrates called acanthodians radiated in the Devonian. Acanthodians were closely related to the ancestors of osteichthyans ...
ADAPTIVE COLORATION IN MAMMALS ASSOCIATED WITH THE
... coloured race of the common House Mouse (Mus musculus), was described on a small island in Dublin Bay. The mice were found by IJameson (1898), living on sand dunes on the island. As the island had only been in existence for a hundred years he proposed the reasonable hypothesis that this race had bee ...
... coloured race of the common House Mouse (Mus musculus), was described on a small island in Dublin Bay. The mice were found by IJameson (1898), living on sand dunes on the island. As the island had only been in existence for a hundred years he proposed the reasonable hypothesis that this race had bee ...
The Biosphere and Animal Distribution
... water vapor retain heat, raising atmospheric temperature. Greenhouse effect Burning fossil fuels increases CO2 in the atmosphere. ...
... water vapor retain heat, raising atmospheric temperature. Greenhouse effect Burning fossil fuels increases CO2 in the atmosphere. ...
Costs and benefits of group living are neither
... predicting group size is illustrated with the case of folivorous monkeys (Fig. 1). The apparent abundance of resources (i.e., leaves) for folivorous primates has led to the suggestion that scramble competition (i.e., one animal simply gets to a food item first; thus, it is not available for other an ...
... predicting group size is illustrated with the case of folivorous monkeys (Fig. 1). The apparent abundance of resources (i.e., leaves) for folivorous primates has led to the suggestion that scramble competition (i.e., one animal simply gets to a food item first; thus, it is not available for other an ...
Mass extinction
... When local environmental conditions change, some species will disappear at a low rate; this is called background extinction. Mass extinction is a significant rise in extinction rates above the background extinction level. Usually, from 25-70% of species are lost. Recent evidence suggests that there ...
... When local environmental conditions change, some species will disappear at a low rate; this is called background extinction. Mass extinction is a significant rise in extinction rates above the background extinction level. Usually, from 25-70% of species are lost. Recent evidence suggests that there ...
Whale transitions from land to water
... What environmental factors are responsible for driving this transition? Evolution of whale hearing? ...
... What environmental factors are responsible for driving this transition? Evolution of whale hearing? ...
04 Lecture Climate Change 09
... Select appropriate genotypes for change in temperature How rapid evolve? Do rates of environmental vs. evolutionary change differ How does length of life cycle and population size affect speed and probability of adaptation and persistence? Small animals with short life cycles/large pop siz better ab ...
... Select appropriate genotypes for change in temperature How rapid evolve? Do rates of environmental vs. evolutionary change differ How does length of life cycle and population size affect speed and probability of adaptation and persistence? Small animals with short life cycles/large pop siz better ab ...
On size and area: Patterns of mammalian body size extremes
... et al. (1992). These authors hypothesize that the characteristic shape of these distributions, skewed towards large sizes and with a large number of medium-sized species, is the result of body size related biases in extinction probabilities. In this paper, we present a new pattern, this time relatin ...
... et al. (1992). These authors hypothesize that the characteristic shape of these distributions, skewed towards large sizes and with a large number of medium-sized species, is the result of body size related biases in extinction probabilities. In this paper, we present a new pattern, this time relatin ...
File
... B. An adaptation is a trait that gives an individual an advantage in passing on his/her genes to the next generation. C. An adaptation is a measure of an individual’s ability to mutate their genes in his/her reproductive cells. D. An adaptation is a change organisms make to their phenotype in order ...
... B. An adaptation is a trait that gives an individual an advantage in passing on his/her genes to the next generation. C. An adaptation is a measure of an individual’s ability to mutate their genes in his/her reproductive cells. D. An adaptation is a change organisms make to their phenotype in order ...
Seasonal Changes in Zooplankton Communities
... A. Defined: a seasonal (cyclic) change in the morphology of planktonic populations of some species. B. Review : We have already seen similar in sexual processes - parthenogenetic vs sexual as a characteristic of all but the copepods C. Occurs in several groups 1. Cladocerans - an example, but also a ...
... A. Defined: a seasonal (cyclic) change in the morphology of planktonic populations of some species. B. Review : We have already seen similar in sexual processes - parthenogenetic vs sexual as a characteristic of all but the copepods C. Occurs in several groups 1. Cladocerans - an example, but also a ...
Historical Geology 1. Describe three advantages that animals might
... southern margin of Laurentia led to the burial of shallow marine platform limestones by deep marine clays and sands (turbidity current deposits). 1. The widespread development of calcified hard parts in early Cambrian time appears to have been for _____. A. predation B. defense C. speed D. respirati ...
... southern margin of Laurentia led to the burial of shallow marine platform limestones by deep marine clays and sands (turbidity current deposits). 1. The widespread development of calcified hard parts in early Cambrian time appears to have been for _____. A. predation B. defense C. speed D. respirati ...
Marine Mammals and Anthropogenic Sound - WUWNet
... can expect marine mammals to choose their locations and modify their behavior based, in part, on the presence of natural and anthropogenic sounds. High levels of anthropogenic noise may interfere with marine mammals’ ability to detect sounds, such as calls of members of their own species, echoes fro ...
... can expect marine mammals to choose their locations and modify their behavior based, in part, on the presence of natural and anthropogenic sounds. High levels of anthropogenic noise may interfere with marine mammals’ ability to detect sounds, such as calls of members of their own species, echoes fro ...
Megafauna
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elephant_near_ndutu.jpg?width=300)
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (Ancient Greek megas ""large"" + New Latin fauna ""animal"") are large or giant animals. The most common thresholds used are 45 kilograms (100 lb) or 100 kilograms (220 lb). This thus includes many species not popularly thought of as overly large, such as white-tailed deer, red kangaroo, and humans.In practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land animals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than modern counterparts considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct as recently as 10,000–40,000 years ago. It is also commonly used for the largest extant wild land animals, especially elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Megafauna may be subcategorized by their trophic position into megaherbivores (e.g., elk), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears).Other common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, any larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope and cattle, as well as numerous dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.The term is also sometimes applied to animals (usually extinct) of great size relative to a more common or surviving type of the animal, for example the 1 m (3 ft) dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.