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Design of Gain Booster for Sample and Hold Stage Digital Converter
Design of Gain Booster for Sample and Hold Stage Digital Converter

FPF2193 / FPF2194 / FPF2195 — Full Function Load Switch wit
FPF2193 / FPF2194 / FPF2195 — Full Function Load Switch wit

... directly with low-voltage control signals. Each part contains thermal shutdown protection that shuts off the switch to prevent damage to the part when a continuous over-current condition causes excessive heating. ...
A Method and Electronic Device to Detect the
A Method and Electronic Device to Detect the

... operate through intrinsic rather than extrinsic absorption, they can achieve high quantum efficiency in small volumes. However, high performance photodiodes are not available at wavelengths longer than about 1.5μm because of the lack of high-quality intrinsic semicon‐ ductors with extremely small ba ...
ESD8104 - ESD Protection Diode
ESD8104 - ESD Protection Diode

Active inductor-based tunable impedance matching network for RF
Active inductor-based tunable impedance matching network for RF

... transferred power to the load, and also minimizes the returns from the load. The impedance matching occurs at a certain frequency (especially at the resonance frequency) and causes that the maximum power is transferred between the supply and load. For an efficient change in the load impedance of the ...
INDUSTRIAL SERVO CONTROL SYSTEMS Fundamentals and
INDUSTRIAL SERVO CONTROL SYSTEMS Fundamentals and

... sometimes producing AC output voltage but more often a DC output voltage. Tachometers are used to a large extent with velocity regulators. With brushless DC drives, the velocity feedback is synthetically generated. Since these drives have a position transducer as part of the motor (used for commutat ...
chapter 5 active power compensation of statcom with energy storage
chapter 5 active power compensation of statcom with energy storage

Chapter 5: Current and Voltage Transformer
Chapter 5: Current and Voltage Transformer

... effect, the primary impedance of a CT does not have the same influence On the accuracy of the equipment it only adds an impedance in series with the line, which can be ignored. The errors are principally due to the current which circulates through the magnetizing branch. The magnitude error is the d ...
HIP4080A Datasheet
HIP4080A Datasheet

Traction Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Torque Control with
Traction Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Torque Control with

... Advantages of PMSM are well known. The greatest advantage is low volume of the PMSM in contrast with other types of motors. It makes possible a direct drive of wheels. On the other hand, the traction drive with PMSM has to meet special requirements typical for overhead line fed vehicles. The drives ...
Paper Title (use style: paper title)
Paper Title (use style: paper title)

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H3AM - OMRON Industrial Automation
H3AM - OMRON Industrial Automation

... • Store the H3AM within the specified ratings. If the H3AM has been stored at temperatures –10°C or lower, let it stand for 3 hours or longer at room temperature before turning ON the power supply. • Use the H3AM within the specified ratings for operating temperature and humidity. • Do not operate t ...
the electric warship then, now and later
the electric warship then, now and later

... background but because when the discounted fuel savings arising from single prime mover operation (at the time energy storage was considered a necessary precursor for single prime mover operation) were assessed there was enough money available to justify purchase of a battery but not to develop any ...
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2. Flux Weakening of PMSM

... desirable. It is common for traction drives with asynchronous motors as well as for dc motors. Although it causes other problems, the flux weakening is unavoidable also for PMSM. A point of flux weakening is suppressing of back emf in high speed of drive. When the drive reaches nominal speed, a conv ...
Circuit Note CN-0365
Circuit Note CN-0365

... Passive components chosen must be rated for high temperatures. For this design, 175°C+ thin film, low TCR resistors were used. COG/NPO capacitors were used for low value filter and decoupling applications and have a very flat coefficient over temperature. High temperature rated tantalum capacitors a ...
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... 6. Instrument transformers • The function of these instrument transformers is to transfer voltages or currents in the power lines to values which are convenient for the operation of measuring instruments and relays. (i) Current transformer (C.T.). • It is a step-up transformer which steps down the ...
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EV Low Voltage Wiring

... 12v to controller with ign key ► Assure driver’s foot is off the accelerator pedal at ignition ► Turn on a vacuum pump with ignition, if necessary ► Disconnect ...
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P-delta characteristics for the unified power flow controller

... voltage limits at the equipment terminals, and current ratings of the converters were not considered. Notably, this is one of the few papers that examines the possibility of installing a UPFC within the line (i.e., at a point where the UPFC is connected to relatively long transmission line segments ...
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HMC679LC3C 数据资料DataSheet下载

RPM870-H14
RPM870-H14

... The products listed in this document are designed to be used with ordinary electronic equipment or devices (such as audio visual equipment, office-automation equipment, communications devices, electrical appliances and electronic toys). Should you intend to use these products with equipment or devic ...
RF2044A
RF2044A

... Exceeding any one or a combination of the Absolute Maximum Rating conditions may cause permanent damage to the device. Extended application of Absolute Maximum Rating conditions to the device may reduce device reliability. Specified typical performance or functional operation of the device under Abs ...
Datasheet - STMicroelectronics
Datasheet - STMicroelectronics

... applications, cold sparing enables a redundant device to be tied to the data bus with its power supply at 0 V (VCC = GND) without affecting the bus signals or injecting current from the I/Os to the power supplies. Cold sparing also allows redundant devices to be kept powered off so that they can be ...
SWITCH MONITORS
SWITCH MONITORS

... fault and 16 during normal operation. The status of the inputs is reported by means of two input bits. The change-over contacts are operated by an output bit. The Input/Output unit is fitted with a bi-directional short-circuit isolator and will be unaffected by loop short-circuits on either loop inp ...
MAX8569A/MAX8569B 200mA Step-Up Converters in 6-Pin SOT23 and TDFN General Description
MAX8569A/MAX8569B 200mA Step-Up Converters in 6-Pin SOT23 and TDFN General Description

... The MAX8569A and MAX8569B compact high-efficiency step-up converters feature low-quiescent supply current to ensure the highest possible efficiency over a wide load range. With a minimum 1.5V input voltage, these devices are well suited for applications with two alkaline cells, two nickel-metal-hydr ...
700-mW Low-Voltage Audio Power Amplifier
700-mW Low-Voltage Audio Power Amplifier

... The TPA701 is a bridge-tied load (BTL) audio power amplifier developed especially for low-voltage applications where internal speakers are required. Operating with a 3.3-V supply, the TPA701 can deliver 250-mW of continuous power into a BTL 8-Ω load at less than 0.6% THD+N throughout voice band freq ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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