Noncoding RNAs and Chromatin Structure
... globular C-end and amorphous (with no distinct secondary structure) N-end. The N-end region goes beyond the nucleosome core and can interact with other chromatin proteins. Apart from four main types, there are some minor variants of histones in the eukaryotic genome. These minor histones may have so ...
... globular C-end and amorphous (with no distinct secondary structure) N-end. The N-end region goes beyond the nucleosome core and can interact with other chromatin proteins. Apart from four main types, there are some minor variants of histones in the eukaryotic genome. These minor histones may have so ...
Polymerases pause to help mediate the flow of genetic information
... says, it has been an intense area of study for decades. Thousands of studies have focused on the initiation of transcription, when the polymerase first assembles itself on the DNA. But over the last ten years, scientists have come to realize that polymerases spend much of their time a short distance ...
... says, it has been an intense area of study for decades. Thousands of studies have focused on the initiation of transcription, when the polymerase first assembles itself on the DNA. But over the last ten years, scientists have come to realize that polymerases spend much of their time a short distance ...
lecture notes-molecular biology-web
... • Genetic level: control transcription of genes (repression, induction and glucose effect) • Cellular level: - enzyme activity: feedback inhibition Isoenzyme, concerted feedback, sequential and cumulative feedback inhibition ...
... • Genetic level: control transcription of genes (repression, induction and glucose effect) • Cellular level: - enzyme activity: feedback inhibition Isoenzyme, concerted feedback, sequential and cumulative feedback inhibition ...
PINdb: a database of nuclear protein complexes from human and
... searches in purified protein identification, the rate at which new protein complexes are discovered and characterized has accelerated. In fact, innovations in protein complex purification (e.g. affinity capture using FLAG- or TAP-tagged proteins) and MS-based analytical techniques have helped fuel t ...
... searches in purified protein identification, the rate at which new protein complexes are discovered and characterized has accelerated. In fact, innovations in protein complex purification (e.g. affinity capture using FLAG- or TAP-tagged proteins) and MS-based analytical techniques have helped fuel t ...
Details about TIC involvement
... single molecule technologies, this time inside cells and animals. These include a mouse line in which individual mRNA molecules of an endogenous gene can be detected by fluorescence, as well as a biosensor reporting on the translational state of single mRNAs in live cells and animals. Using these te ...
... single molecule technologies, this time inside cells and animals. These include a mouse line in which individual mRNA molecules of an endogenous gene can be detected by fluorescence, as well as a biosensor reporting on the translational state of single mRNAs in live cells and animals. Using these te ...
Document
... Lactose is not the preferred carbohydrate source for E. coli. If lactose and glucose are present, the cell will use all of the glucose before the lac operon is turned on. This type of control is termed catabolite repression. To prevent lactose metabolism, a second level of control of gene expression ...
... Lactose is not the preferred carbohydrate source for E. coli. If lactose and glucose are present, the cell will use all of the glucose before the lac operon is turned on. This type of control is termed catabolite repression. To prevent lactose metabolism, a second level of control of gene expression ...
Slides - Brown Computer Science
... In the first, to introduce the key notions and to some extent explain the nature of the Jak-Stat and Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk pathways, as background to the topic of computational models for them and similar pathways, and then In the second lecture, to describe some of the computational modelling involving t ...
... In the first, to introduce the key notions and to some extent explain the nature of the Jak-Stat and Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk pathways, as background to the topic of computational models for them and similar pathways, and then In the second lecture, to describe some of the computational modelling involving t ...
Investigating the Role of RNA Polymerase II in RNAi
... mutants, to generate a more complete understanding of RNAPII’s role in the RNAi silencing pathway. Introduction Chromatin states are an important part of gene regulation. In order to be packaged on chromosomes, DNA is wound about histones and this DNA/histone structure is called chromatin, of which ...
... mutants, to generate a more complete understanding of RNAPII’s role in the RNAi silencing pathway. Introduction Chromatin states are an important part of gene regulation. In order to be packaged on chromosomes, DNA is wound about histones and this DNA/histone structure is called chromatin, of which ...
Sarah Justvig (`13)
... protein of Ewing’s sarcoma, shares with ERG and ETV1 identification as a Class I ETS factor. The three are more than 60% identical and 80% homologous in their amino acid sequences. YK-4-279 has been identified as a small molecule inhibitor of EWS/FLI1 oncoprotein in Ewing’s sarcoma. Given the strong ...
... protein of Ewing’s sarcoma, shares with ERG and ETV1 identification as a Class I ETS factor. The three are more than 60% identical and 80% homologous in their amino acid sequences. YK-4-279 has been identified as a small molecule inhibitor of EWS/FLI1 oncoprotein in Ewing’s sarcoma. Given the strong ...
From RNA to protein
... Transcription: Termination 3. Termination • Specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA signals end of transcription: the “terminator” sequence. • The terminator sequences recognized by specific proteins associated with the RNA polymerase II. • Signal end of transcription and additional of poly-A tails ...
... Transcription: Termination 3. Termination • Specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA signals end of transcription: the “terminator” sequence. • The terminator sequences recognized by specific proteins associated with the RNA polymerase II. • Signal end of transcription and additional of poly-A tails ...
From RNA to protein
... Transcription: Termination 3. Termination • Specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA signals end of transcription: the “terminator” sequence. • The terminator sequences recognized by specific proteins associated with the RNA polymerase II. • Signal end of transcription and additional of poly-A tails ...
... Transcription: Termination 3. Termination • Specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA signals end of transcription: the “terminator” sequence. • The terminator sequences recognized by specific proteins associated with the RNA polymerase II. • Signal end of transcription and additional of poly-A tails ...
Workshop IV Signal Transduction Chair: Miguel Peñalva 100
... The pal ambient pH signalling pathway is a novel signal transduction pathway made up of six components (PalA, B, C, F, H and I), as determined by thorough classical genetic analysis carried out in Aspergillus nidulans. The pal pathway signals ambient alkaline pH to PacC, a zinc finger transcription ...
... The pal ambient pH signalling pathway is a novel signal transduction pathway made up of six components (PalA, B, C, F, H and I), as determined by thorough classical genetic analysis carried out in Aspergillus nidulans. The pal pathway signals ambient alkaline pH to PacC, a zinc finger transcription ...
File
... Used by organisms such as jellyfish (Aequorea victoria) to communicate. It can also be used as a marker for successful genetic manipulation to indicate when genes have been inserted into cells. ...
... Used by organisms such as jellyfish (Aequorea victoria) to communicate. It can also be used as a marker for successful genetic manipulation to indicate when genes have been inserted into cells. ...
Section 16.2
... evolved to turn transcription of specific genes on and off depending on a cell's metabolic need for specific gene products • These responses can be due to changes in the environment as well as nonenvironmentally regulated cellular activity and cell division ...
... evolved to turn transcription of specific genes on and off depending on a cell's metabolic need for specific gene products • These responses can be due to changes in the environment as well as nonenvironmentally regulated cellular activity and cell division ...
Understanding cardiovascular disease
... recently to genomics. A genetic contribution to CVD has long been recognized; however, with the exception of certain conditions that show Mendelian inheritance, it has proved more challenging than anticipated to identify the precise genomic components responsible for the development of CVD. Genome-w ...
... recently to genomics. A genetic contribution to CVD has long been recognized; however, with the exception of certain conditions that show Mendelian inheritance, it has proved more challenging than anticipated to identify the precise genomic components responsible for the development of CVD. Genome-w ...
RNA polymerase I
... • Repressible enzymes generally function in anabolic pathways, synthesizing end products. – When the end product is present in sufficient quantities, the cell can allocate its resources to other uses. • Inducible enzymes usually function in catabolic pathways, digesting nutrients to simpler molecul ...
... • Repressible enzymes generally function in anabolic pathways, synthesizing end products. – When the end product is present in sufficient quantities, the cell can allocate its resources to other uses. • Inducible enzymes usually function in catabolic pathways, digesting nutrients to simpler molecul ...
Chapter 14 Preparing Semisynthetic and Fully Synthetic Histones
... 1. Introduction Nucleosomes, the fundamental unit of chromatin, are protein–DNA complexes that package and organize DNA in the nucleus of the cell (1). The core nucleosome particle contains two copies each of four histone proteins: H3, H4, H2A, and H2B. Each of these histone proteins has multiple si ...
... 1. Introduction Nucleosomes, the fundamental unit of chromatin, are protein–DNA complexes that package and organize DNA in the nucleus of the cell (1). The core nucleosome particle contains two copies each of four histone proteins: H3, H4, H2A, and H2B. Each of these histone proteins has multiple si ...
junk DNA - Salamander Genome Project
... At certain evolutionary junctures, two or more mutations participating in the build-up of a new complex function may be required to become available simultaneously in the same individuals. How could this happen in higher organisms whose populations are small compared to those of microbes, and in whi ...
... At certain evolutionary junctures, two or more mutations participating in the build-up of a new complex function may be required to become available simultaneously in the same individuals. How could this happen in higher organisms whose populations are small compared to those of microbes, and in whi ...
Gene Section NLRC4 (NLR Family, CARD domain containing 4)
... NLRC4 is involved in the regulation of caspase-1, which is activated within the 'inflammasome', a complex comprising several adaptors and permitting pro-IL-1beta processing and secretion of mature IL1beta. It is required for the activation of caspase-1 and IL1beta secretion in response to bacterial ...
... NLRC4 is involved in the regulation of caspase-1, which is activated within the 'inflammasome', a complex comprising several adaptors and permitting pro-IL-1beta processing and secretion of mature IL1beta. It is required for the activation of caspase-1 and IL1beta secretion in response to bacterial ...
No Slide Title
... Structural and functional effects of protein phosphorylation Phosphorylation results in the addition of a doubly negatively charged group (at neutral pH) to a previously uncharged amino acid. Although this is a small group, it can profoundly impact protein function. Three different ways this occurs ...
... Structural and functional effects of protein phosphorylation Phosphorylation results in the addition of a doubly negatively charged group (at neutral pH) to a previously uncharged amino acid. Although this is a small group, it can profoundly impact protein function. Three different ways this occurs ...
A Novel Knowledge Based Method to Predicting Transcription
... Predicting Transcription Factor Targets [email protected] ...
... Predicting Transcription Factor Targets [email protected] ...
lecture 2
... Screen for white eyed flies with normal bristles. These will be w; fryRV/TM6 (or w; fryRV/DcxF) . Establish a stock that is w; fryRV/TM6 and test for fry function. ...
... Screen for white eyed flies with normal bristles. These will be w; fryRV/TM6 (or w; fryRV/DcxF) . Establish a stock that is w; fryRV/TM6 and test for fry function. ...
SnapShot: Control of Flowering in Arabidopsis
... The six pathways converge to regulate a small number of “floral integrator genes,” encoded by different classes of proteins, which govern flowering time by merging signals from multiple pathways. These integrator genes include FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SO ...
... The six pathways converge to regulate a small number of “floral integrator genes,” encoded by different classes of proteins, which govern flowering time by merging signals from multiple pathways. These integrator genes include FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SO ...
Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells - JEM
... istone acetyltransferases (HATs)1 and histone deacetylases have been closely implicated in the mechanism of transcriptional activation and repression of multiple genes (for a review, see references 1 and 2). Acetylation of the NH2-terminal regions of histones is considered to be crucial for the acce ...
... istone acetyltransferases (HATs)1 and histone deacetylases have been closely implicated in the mechanism of transcriptional activation and repression of multiple genes (for a review, see references 1 and 2). Acetylation of the NH2-terminal regions of histones is considered to be crucial for the acce ...
8.3 DNA Replication
... • Transcription makes three types of RNA. – Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. ...
... • Transcription makes three types of RNA. – Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.