Cell Nucleus and Chromatin Structure
... small GTP-binding protein that belongs to the Ras family of cell signaling molecules. Its exact role in the protein translocation process remains to be clarified. Several proteins that carry nuclear targeting signals are transcription activators and are only required at certain times within the nucl ...
... small GTP-binding protein that belongs to the Ras family of cell signaling molecules. Its exact role in the protein translocation process remains to be clarified. Several proteins that carry nuclear targeting signals are transcription activators and are only required at certain times within the nucl ...
Role of histone deacetylase 2 and its
... Although the molecular sizes of class I HDACs are relatively small, their enzyme activities are greater than those of class IIa HDACs. Class I HDACs are exclusively involved in protein deacetylation. Indeed, class I HDACs contribute most of total HDAC activity measured in vitro in whole cell lysate ...
... Although the molecular sizes of class I HDACs are relatively small, their enzyme activities are greater than those of class IIa HDACs. Class I HDACs are exclusively involved in protein deacetylation. Indeed, class I HDACs contribute most of total HDAC activity measured in vitro in whole cell lysate ...
Regulation-of-Gene
... within an operon. The presence of a weak transcriptional termination site (t1) within an operon leads to reduced expression of the distal genes (c and d). The strong terminator t2 causes termination at the end of th full-length mRNA ...
... within an operon. The presence of a weak transcriptional termination site (t1) within an operon leads to reduced expression of the distal genes (c and d). The strong terminator t2 causes termination at the end of th full-length mRNA ...
RNA Synthesis and Splicing
... -> cyclic peptide of 8 amino acids -> binds tightly to RNA polymerase II -> blocks elongation of RNA synthesis ...
... -> cyclic peptide of 8 amino acids -> binds tightly to RNA polymerase II -> blocks elongation of RNA synthesis ...
Viewpoint - Prof Ralf Metzler
... know that genetic systems may be extremely stable. Facilitated diffusion—the interplay of three-dimensional and one-dimensional search of DNA binding proteins for their specific binding sites—has been proposed to explain the regulation speed and lowering of noise effects. Now, a modified view of the ...
... know that genetic systems may be extremely stable. Facilitated diffusion—the interplay of three-dimensional and one-dimensional search of DNA binding proteins for their specific binding sites—has been proposed to explain the regulation speed and lowering of noise effects. Now, a modified view of the ...
0_GO - Theoretical Systems Biology
... The gene ontology (GO) is a structured, controlled vocabulary to describe the function of gene products. Terms in GO have logical relationships (“is a”, “part of”) with one another. Together these form a structure called a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). ...
... The gene ontology (GO) is a structured, controlled vocabulary to describe the function of gene products. Terms in GO have logical relationships (“is a”, “part of”) with one another. Together these form a structure called a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). ...
K4 trimethylation PRMT6-mediated methylation of R2 in histone H3
... (Bedford and Richard 2005). With regard to the dimethylation product, PRMTs are distinguished into type I enzymes, which catalyze the asymmetric NG,NG-dimethyl-arginine, and the type II subfamily, which consists of PRMT5, PRMT7, and PRMT9 and generates symmetric NG,NG⬘-dimethylation (Bedford and Ric ...
... (Bedford and Richard 2005). With regard to the dimethylation product, PRMTs are distinguished into type I enzymes, which catalyze the asymmetric NG,NG-dimethyl-arginine, and the type II subfamily, which consists of PRMT5, PRMT7, and PRMT9 and generates symmetric NG,NG⬘-dimethylation (Bedford and Ric ...
Dr Ishtiaq Transcription
... Shortly after the discovery of splicing came the realization that the exons in some genes were not utilized in the same way in every cell or stage of development. In other words exons could be skipped or added. This means that variations of a protein (called isoforms) can be produced from the same g ...
... Shortly after the discovery of splicing came the realization that the exons in some genes were not utilized in the same way in every cell or stage of development. In other words exons could be skipped or added. This means that variations of a protein (called isoforms) can be produced from the same g ...
no sigma falls off after initiation
... Eucaryotic enhancer sequences can be located within the transcribed portion of the gene almost anywhere in fact ...
... Eucaryotic enhancer sequences can be located within the transcribed portion of the gene almost anywhere in fact ...
Study guide for research assistants
... Your research experience here has been focused on biochemical assays of enzymes’ catalytic activity. These assays are dependent on having stocks of the enzymes to be tested, of course. Up to now we have not spent much time discussing expression and purification of recombinant proteins; with this ass ...
... Your research experience here has been focused on biochemical assays of enzymes’ catalytic activity. These assays are dependent on having stocks of the enzymes to be tested, of course. Up to now we have not spent much time discussing expression and purification of recombinant proteins; with this ass ...
shRNA Customer Presentation
... When no-tag is desired for the recombinant protein, pEX-1 is the vector of choice, appending only two amino acid (T and R) to the C-terminus of the protein. ...
... When no-tag is desired for the recombinant protein, pEX-1 is the vector of choice, appending only two amino acid (T and R) to the C-terminus of the protein. ...
Phospho-MTOR(T1870) Blocking Peptide
... synthesis by modulating the activity of their downstream targets including ribosomal protein S6, eukaryotic translation initiation factor EIF4B, and the inhibitor of translation initiation PDCD4. Stimulates the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, both by acute regulation through RPS6KB1- mediated phosp ...
... synthesis by modulating the activity of their downstream targets including ribosomal protein S6, eukaryotic translation initiation factor EIF4B, and the inhibitor of translation initiation PDCD4. Stimulates the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, both by acute regulation through RPS6KB1- mediated phosp ...
ES-cell specific enhanceosomes
... Extrinsic: the LIF and BMP signaling pathways play a central role in the maintenance of a pluripotential stem cell phenotype. 1. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) The binding of LIF to its receptor activates STAT3 through phosphorylation ...
... Extrinsic: the LIF and BMP signaling pathways play a central role in the maintenance of a pluripotential stem cell phenotype. 1. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) The binding of LIF to its receptor activates STAT3 through phosphorylation ...
Biology 340 Molecular Biology Lecture
... binding sites for three regulatory protein in a short span of DNA. These include RNA polymerase, lac repressor and another protein, CAP=catabolite activator protein which also functions in lac regulation along with cAMP. ...
... binding sites for three regulatory protein in a short span of DNA. These include RNA polymerase, lac repressor and another protein, CAP=catabolite activator protein which also functions in lac regulation along with cAMP. ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier
... TATA element. The TATA element is shown binding the TATA-binding protein (TBP). Multiple general transcription factors (IIA, IIB, etc.) and RNA polymerase II (pol II) associate with TBP. Each transcription factor comprises multiple individual proteins complexed together. This basal transcription app ...
... TATA element. The TATA element is shown binding the TATA-binding protein (TBP). Multiple general transcription factors (IIA, IIB, etc.) and RNA polymerase II (pol II) associate with TBP. Each transcription factor comprises multiple individual proteins complexed together. This basal transcription app ...
how the ubiquitin–proteasome system controls transcription
... multi-ubiquitylated histones have not been described, and because it is unclear just how many histones at any given locus are ubiquitylated. It seems more probable that histone ubiquitylation has a structural role, either directly (perhaps by ‘loosening’ chromatin structure) or indirectly (perhaps b ...
... multi-ubiquitylated histones have not been described, and because it is unclear just how many histones at any given locus are ubiquitylated. It seems more probable that histone ubiquitylation has a structural role, either directly (perhaps by ‘loosening’ chromatin structure) or indirectly (perhaps b ...
Unit 7a * Structure of DNA
... • Transcription copies DNA to make a strand of RNA. ▫ 1st – Replication must occur The section of DNA that carries the code will open up ...
... • Transcription copies DNA to make a strand of RNA. ▫ 1st – Replication must occur The section of DNA that carries the code will open up ...
Regulation of Gene Expression - mvhs
... only the genes it needs to. • Genes expressed depend on – the type of cell – the particular needs of the cell at that time. ...
... only the genes it needs to. • Genes expressed depend on – the type of cell – the particular needs of the cell at that time. ...
Molecular Biology 240386
... - All eukaryotic TBPs analyzed have similar C-terminal domains -The N-terminal domain of TBP, varies in sequence and length among different eukaryotes - functions in Pol II–catalyzed transcription of genes encoding snRNAs ...
... - All eukaryotic TBPs analyzed have similar C-terminal domains -The N-terminal domain of TBP, varies in sequence and length among different eukaryotes - functions in Pol II–catalyzed transcription of genes encoding snRNAs ...
Lecture ten
... • operon = the entire stretch of DNA that includes the operator, the promoter, and the genes that the ...
... • operon = the entire stretch of DNA that includes the operator, the promoter, and the genes that the ...
The QIAexpressionist™
... High-level expression of 6xHis-tagged proteins in E. coli using the QIAexpress pQE vectors is based on the T5 promoter transcription–translation system. pQE plasmids belong to the pDS family of plasmids (Bujard et al. 1987) and were derived from plasmids pDS56/RBSII and pDS781/RBSII-DHFRS (Stüber et ...
... High-level expression of 6xHis-tagged proteins in E. coli using the QIAexpress pQE vectors is based on the T5 promoter transcription–translation system. pQE plasmids belong to the pDS family of plasmids (Bujard et al. 1987) and were derived from plasmids pDS56/RBSII and pDS781/RBSII-DHFRS (Stüber et ...
Problem Set II Answer Key
... trehalose (glucose only), the operon should be off with the repressor bound. When tre B is absent, the operon is on, so tre B must be a repressor. A is an activator because in the presence of trehalose only (no glucose), we would expect high expression of the operon due to activator activity. But ...
... trehalose (glucose only), the operon should be off with the repressor bound. When tre B is absent, the operon is on, so tre B must be a repressor. A is an activator because in the presence of trehalose only (no glucose), we would expect high expression of the operon due to activator activity. But ...
Document
... Growth and division genes of bacteria are regulated genes. Their expression is controlled by the needs of the cell as it responds to its environment with the goal of increasing in mass and dividing. Genes that generally are continuously expressed are constitutive genes (housekeeping genes). Examples ...
... Growth and division genes of bacteria are regulated genes. Their expression is controlled by the needs of the cell as it responds to its environment with the goal of increasing in mass and dividing. Genes that generally are continuously expressed are constitutive genes (housekeeping genes). Examples ...
Gene Section E2F3 (E2F transcription factor 3) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Genomic amplification of E2F3: FISH image shows HT-1376 bladder cancer cell line (DSMZ acc 397) hybridized with a BAC clone (RPMI-99F1) covering the E2F3 locus at 6p22.3. (See breakpoint diagram below for map.) Note high level genomic amplification comprising multiple tandemly repeated copies of E2F ...
... Genomic amplification of E2F3: FISH image shows HT-1376 bladder cancer cell line (DSMZ acc 397) hybridized with a BAC clone (RPMI-99F1) covering the E2F3 locus at 6p22.3. (See breakpoint diagram below for map.) Note high level genomic amplification comprising multiple tandemly repeated copies of E2F ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.