Topic 2 - Wolfgang Hess
... model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 acclimation to N-limiting conditions involves both, the activation of multiple uptake systems for combined N-sources and of enzymes involved in specific routes of the N-assimilation. The Nand energetic status is sensed by the PII-protein which regulate ...
... model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 acclimation to N-limiting conditions involves both, the activation of multiple uptake systems for combined N-sources and of enzymes involved in specific routes of the N-assimilation. The Nand energetic status is sensed by the PII-protein which regulate ...
Gene Section MIER1 (mesoderm induction early response 1 homolog (Xenopus laevis))
... Initial studies showed that total MIER1 mRNA levels were increased in breast carcinoma cell lines and tumour samples (Paterno et al., 1998); in a more recent study, no consistent difference in MIER1alpha protein expression levels between normal breast and tumour samples was detected (McCarthy et al. ...
... Initial studies showed that total MIER1 mRNA levels were increased in breast carcinoma cell lines and tumour samples (Paterno et al., 1998); in a more recent study, no consistent difference in MIER1alpha protein expression levels between normal breast and tumour samples was detected (McCarthy et al. ...
12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein
... – Nucleotides pair with one strand of the DNA. – RNA polymerase bonds the nucleotides together. – The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed. DNA ...
... – Nucleotides pair with one strand of the DNA. – RNA polymerase bonds the nucleotides together. – The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed. DNA ...
domain_searching.pdf
... In this activity, we will search the number of different proteins in which various domains occur. We will search the genomes of several different organisms including, human, mouse, fly, and nematodes (a type of worm). Protein domains we will work with • Immunoglobulin domain – Domains involved in th ...
... In this activity, we will search the number of different proteins in which various domains occur. We will search the genomes of several different organisms including, human, mouse, fly, and nematodes (a type of worm). Protein domains we will work with • Immunoglobulin domain – Domains involved in th ...
Gene expression
... an mRNA molecule that has already been transcribed. This can occur through many mechanisms: – Regulatory molecules can speed up mRNA degradation. – Translation initiation can be altered. – Translation proteins can be affected. DNA mRNA x protein activated protein – Transcriptional control is slow bu ...
... an mRNA molecule that has already been transcribed. This can occur through many mechanisms: – Regulatory molecules can speed up mRNA degradation. – Translation initiation can be altered. – Translation proteins can be affected. DNA mRNA x protein activated protein – Transcriptional control is slow bu ...
Protein regulation: The statistical theory of
... ubiquitous molecular chaperone consisting of an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain and a C-terminal substrate-binding ...
... ubiquitous molecular chaperone consisting of an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain and a C-terminal substrate-binding ...
1. metabolic regulation: general concepts - cmb
... and exert allosteric effects. Frequently, the first or most important step in a metabolic pathway is under allosteric control in this way, enabling a cell to turn on or turn off an entire pathway easily and efficiently. 3. by covalent modification of the enzyme itself. Covalent modifications includ ...
... and exert allosteric effects. Frequently, the first or most important step in a metabolic pathway is under allosteric control in this way, enabling a cell to turn on or turn off an entire pathway easily and efficiently. 3. by covalent modification of the enzyme itself. Covalent modifications includ ...
Hybrid enzymes Pierre Béguin
... they usually fold independently from the core protein, they are easy to manipulate, and fusion of proteins with specific tagging domains has now become a standard tool for protein engineers. Vectors encoding signal peptides have long been developed to allow secretion in various heterologous hosts, a ...
... they usually fold independently from the core protein, they are easy to manipulate, and fusion of proteins with specific tagging domains has now become a standard tool for protein engineers. Vectors encoding signal peptides have long been developed to allow secretion in various heterologous hosts, a ...
Chapter 3 - Cell Protein Production
... amino acid it detaches from the ribosome and can pick up another amino acid from the cytoplasm • One mRNA often has 10 or 20 ribosomes reading its code at the same time • This means that a cell could produce over 150 000 protein molecules per second ...
... amino acid it detaches from the ribosome and can pick up another amino acid from the cytoplasm • One mRNA often has 10 or 20 ribosomes reading its code at the same time • This means that a cell could produce over 150 000 protein molecules per second ...
divergent transcription
... Simply this is a study of all the transcription that generally goes nowhere but from time to time does go somewhere and in this case the development of new genes. A few decades ago when we looked at the DNA world we thought of it in terms of the Dogma: DNA to RNA to Proteins. Then the proteins did t ...
... Simply this is a study of all the transcription that generally goes nowhere but from time to time does go somewhere and in this case the development of new genes. A few decades ago when we looked at the DNA world we thought of it in terms of the Dogma: DNA to RNA to Proteins. Then the proteins did t ...
Transcriptional Regulation II
... Last but not least – genomics is descriptive. It can show you “everything”. Eg: all the location a given transcription factor is bound to the genome (reproducibly) in a given cell state. Which of these bindings actually matters? ...
... Last but not least – genomics is descriptive. It can show you “everything”. Eg: all the location a given transcription factor is bound to the genome (reproducibly) in a given cell state. Which of these bindings actually matters? ...
Chapter 12
... The Sigma factor has no catalytic activity but assists in the recognition of genes. Once transcription begins this factor dissociates from the core enzyme complex The Beta and Beta prime polypeptides are involved with the ginding of DNA and regulation. Rifampin which is a polymerase inhibitor binds ...
... The Sigma factor has no catalytic activity but assists in the recognition of genes. Once transcription begins this factor dissociates from the core enzyme complex The Beta and Beta prime polypeptides are involved with the ginding of DNA and regulation. Rifampin which is a polymerase inhibitor binds ...
Activation of protein kinase A and protein kinase C via intracellular
... Steroid receptors are composed of three functional domain. The COOH-terminus contains the unique hormone binding site as well as sites for receptor dimerization. The middle domain contains the DNA binding site. The NH2-terminus contains regions essential for transcriptional activation. c. (2 pts) Ho ...
... Steroid receptors are composed of three functional domain. The COOH-terminus contains the unique hormone binding site as well as sites for receptor dimerization. The middle domain contains the DNA binding site. The NH2-terminus contains regions essential for transcriptional activation. c. (2 pts) Ho ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... Summary 28.3 Regulation of Gene expression in Eukaryotes Hormones affect the regulation of gene expression in one of two ways. Steroid hormones interact directly with intracellular receptors that are DNA-binding regulatory proteins; binding of the hormone has either positive or negative effects o ...
... Summary 28.3 Regulation of Gene expression in Eukaryotes Hormones affect the regulation of gene expression in one of two ways. Steroid hormones interact directly with intracellular receptors that are DNA-binding regulatory proteins; binding of the hormone has either positive or negative effects o ...
Interaction of the MAGUK family member Acvrinp1 and the
... Interaction of Acvrinp1 and Dll1 prominent nuclear localization.21 In addition, a Delta1-Gal4VP16 fusion protein expressed in HEK293 cells activated transcription of a luciferase reporter gene.22 These data, together with our identification of a nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the intracellula ...
... Interaction of Acvrinp1 and Dll1 prominent nuclear localization.21 In addition, a Delta1-Gal4VP16 fusion protein expressed in HEK293 cells activated transcription of a luciferase reporter gene.22 These data, together with our identification of a nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the intracellula ...
Snapshots of RNA polymerase II transcription initiation
... is not permitted to dwell on inactive promoters in vivo. The second hypothesis is supported by the observation that mutation of Mot1, a protein that can dissociate DNAbound TBP [29,30], leads to increased TBP crosslinking at many promoters, as well as at nonphysiological sites within a coding region ...
... is not permitted to dwell on inactive promoters in vivo. The second hypothesis is supported by the observation that mutation of Mot1, a protein that can dissociate DNAbound TBP [29,30], leads to increased TBP crosslinking at many promoters, as well as at nonphysiological sites within a coding region ...
ppt link
... De novo synthesis using rNTP as substrates 1960 – J Hurwitz & S Weiss (RNA)n + rNTP = (RNA)n+1 + Ppi ...
... De novo synthesis using rNTP as substrates 1960 – J Hurwitz & S Weiss (RNA)n + rNTP = (RNA)n+1 + Ppi ...
Exam 3 SQ Key Chapter 16: How Genes Work
... regulatory transcription factors b. The gene’s promoter interacts with basal transcription factors and is the site that RNA Pol II is recruited to during transcription initiation. Whereas the PPE interacts with regulatory transcription factors that then assist in recruiting RNA Pol II c. PPEs have s ...
... regulatory transcription factors b. The gene’s promoter interacts with basal transcription factors and is the site that RNA Pol II is recruited to during transcription initiation. Whereas the PPE interacts with regulatory transcription factors that then assist in recruiting RNA Pol II c. PPEs have s ...
Central Dogma! - Cloudfront.net
... • MicroRNA and siRNA (small interfering RNA) that regulate gene expression. ...
... • MicroRNA and siRNA (small interfering RNA) that regulate gene expression. ...
ChIP-seq - STAT 115
... • Could also be used to examine known motif enrichment • Is motif enrichment correlated with ChIP-seq enrichment? • Is motif more enriched in peak summits than peak flanks? • Motif analysis could identify transcription factor partners of ChIP-seq factors ...
... • Could also be used to examine known motif enrichment • Is motif enrichment correlated with ChIP-seq enrichment? • Is motif more enriched in peak summits than peak flanks? • Motif analysis could identify transcription factor partners of ChIP-seq factors ...
Gene expression Most genes are not expressed at a particular time
... Transcription factor binding sites Transcription factors and their binding sites come in several varieties: – Promoters are required for RNA polymerase to bind and begin transcription. The promoter binding site is often a TATAAT ~10bp upstream of the start of transcription. – Activators are proteins ...
... Transcription factor binding sites Transcription factors and their binding sites come in several varieties: – Promoters are required for RNA polymerase to bind and begin transcription. The promoter binding site is often a TATAAT ~10bp upstream of the start of transcription. – Activators are proteins ...
Document
... However, humans have only 20 times as many genes as E. coli. o 25,000 – 30,000 genes for eukaryotes o E. coli has about 1000 genes o 98.5% of the human genome is noncoding compare to only 11% of the E. coli genome A lot of the E. coli genome coded for proteins In eukaryotes, only about 1.5% co ...
... However, humans have only 20 times as many genes as E. coli. o 25,000 – 30,000 genes for eukaryotes o E. coli has about 1000 genes o 98.5% of the human genome is noncoding compare to only 11% of the E. coli genome A lot of the E. coli genome coded for proteins In eukaryotes, only about 1.5% co ...
View Full PDF - Biochemical Society Transactions
... Departamento de Bioquı́mica y Biologı́a Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain ...
... Departamento de Bioquı́mica y Biologı́a Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.