Chapter 2 - psychpro.us
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Julio`s MCB - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard
... erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. We identified the CRMs that faithfully drive the expression of Mfrn1 during blood and heart development and Mfrn2 ubiquitously. Through in vivo analyses of the Mfrn-CRMs in zebrafish and mouse, we demonstrate their functional and evolutionary conservation. Usin ...
... erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. We identified the CRMs that faithfully drive the expression of Mfrn1 during blood and heart development and Mfrn2 ubiquitously. Through in vivo analyses of the Mfrn-CRMs in zebrafish and mouse, we demonstrate their functional and evolutionary conservation. Usin ...
Rates of Spontaneous Mutation
... ATES of spontaneous mutation per replication per measured target vary by many orders of magnitude depending on the mutational target size (from 1 to .10 10 b, where b stands for base or base pair as appropriate), the average mutability per b (from 1024 to 102 11 per b per replication), and the speci ...
... ATES of spontaneous mutation per replication per measured target vary by many orders of magnitude depending on the mutational target size (from 1 to .10 10 b, where b stands for base or base pair as appropriate), the average mutability per b (from 1024 to 102 11 per b per replication), and the speci ...
RNA Editing, ADAR1, and the Innate Immune Response
... 2C; SAMHD1; and MDA-5 [59,62–64]. All the coded proteins from these mutated genes act on nucleic acids or sense nucleic acid signals in cells, indicating a connection between the increased IFN level and abnormal nucleic acid process. Considering that ADAR1 acts on dsRNA [12,13,65,66] and regulates I ...
... 2C; SAMHD1; and MDA-5 [59,62–64]. All the coded proteins from these mutated genes act on nucleic acids or sense nucleic acid signals in cells, indicating a connection between the increased IFN level and abnormal nucleic acid process. Considering that ADAR1 acts on dsRNA [12,13,65,66] and regulates I ...
factor involved in dorsal-ventral axis formation and neurogenesis
... solid boxes numbered 1-6 represent the exons from cDNAs encoding the putative spi protein; the hatched region within exon 6 represents the coding sequence (see also Fig. 3). All of the cDNAs examined that encode spi are composed of two or more exons. The location of exon 1 in the genomic region has ...
... solid boxes numbered 1-6 represent the exons from cDNAs encoding the putative spi protein; the hatched region within exon 6 represents the coding sequence (see also Fig. 3). All of the cDNAs examined that encode spi are composed of two or more exons. The location of exon 1 in the genomic region has ...
Cloning and sequencing of the kedarcidin biosynthetic
... chromophore were confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (Fig. S4, ESI†). For the enediyne form of the KED chromophore, high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) yielded an [M + H]+ ion at m/z 1030.37338 for the enediyne form of the KED chromophore, consistent with i ...
... chromophore were confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (Fig. S4, ESI†). For the enediyne form of the KED chromophore, high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) yielded an [M + H]+ ion at m/z 1030.37338 for the enediyne form of the KED chromophore, consistent with i ...
Biology Genetics Heredity and Environment
... Section: Genetic and Environmental Diversity Rationale: American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, and white are examples of racial terms used by the United States census to categorize people. However, Hispanic or Latino refers to ethnicity because people in this category can be of any race. 17. Answer: ...
... Section: Genetic and Environmental Diversity Rationale: American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian, and white are examples of racial terms used by the United States census to categorize people. However, Hispanic or Latino refers to ethnicity because people in this category can be of any race. 17. Answer: ...
Binding of Hoechst with nucleic acids using fluorescence spectroscopy
... Molecular oligonucleotide structures like d(CGC[e6G]AATTCGCG in complexes with Hoechst 33258 and Hoechst 33342 were studied in work [7]. It was shown that the oligonucleotide, containing O6-ethyl-G-C base pairs, is stabilized by Hoechst. The dye binds in minor groove of B-structure. It should be not ...
... Molecular oligonucleotide structures like d(CGC[e6G]AATTCGCG in complexes with Hoechst 33258 and Hoechst 33342 were studied in work [7]. It was shown that the oligonucleotide, containing O6-ethyl-G-C base pairs, is stabilized by Hoechst. The dye binds in minor groove of B-structure. It should be not ...
Strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Other
... and absent in some “wild” isolates of S. typhimurium). Very useful derivatives of strain LT2 were derived by Ames et al. for the widely used tests of mutagens and carcinogens (2). Analysis of wild-type strains of S. typhimurium by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis shows that LT2 belongs to electroph ...
... and absent in some “wild” isolates of S. typhimurium). Very useful derivatives of strain LT2 were derived by Ames et al. for the widely used tests of mutagens and carcinogens (2). Analysis of wild-type strains of S. typhimurium by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis shows that LT2 belongs to electroph ...
Single-stranded heteroduplex intermediates in l Red homologous
... in situ assay for recombination, which showed that recombination generated mixed wild type and recombinant colonies; and (ii) the predicted asymmetries of the homology arms, which showed that recombination is more sensitive to non-homologies attached to 5' than 3' ends. Whereas beta recombination ca ...
... in situ assay for recombination, which showed that recombination generated mixed wild type and recombinant colonies; and (ii) the predicted asymmetries of the homology arms, which showed that recombination is more sensitive to non-homologies attached to 5' than 3' ends. Whereas beta recombination ca ...
Modeling Trabecular Microstructure Evolution via Genetic Algorithm by Samuel W. L. Shames
... A complete graph with 100 vertices where each vertex is a point on this 10 by 10 lattice. Once the vertices and edges have been mapped to a lattice, they now be defined in terms of their geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A random image that is used to generate the set of vertices withi ...
... A complete graph with 100 vertices where each vertex is a point on this 10 by 10 lattice. Once the vertices and edges have been mapped to a lattice, they now be defined in terms of their geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A random image that is used to generate the set of vertices withi ...
Cytokinin and auxin have a crucial role in the control of this balance.
... We also focus on recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms through which these hormones interact to control plant organ development. Cytokinin biosynthesis, transport and signalling Cytokinins came to light because of their ability to promote cell division in tobacco tissue culture [ ...
... We also focus on recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms through which these hormones interact to control plant organ development. Cytokinin biosynthesis, transport and signalling Cytokinins came to light because of their ability to promote cell division in tobacco tissue culture [ ...
Practice final key
... b) Considering all the data, give the genotypes of the following individuals as COMPLETELY AS POSSIBLE. (6 pts) Individual B a 1 Y Individual C a 1 “1,” “2,” and “3” are the RFLP alleles A3 Individual D A 3 Y 2 pts each; -1 for any incorrect component. Must indicate linkage in genotype; linkage desc ...
... b) Considering all the data, give the genotypes of the following individuals as COMPLETELY AS POSSIBLE. (6 pts) Individual B a 1 Y Individual C a 1 “1,” “2,” and “3” are the RFLP alleles A3 Individual D A 3 Y 2 pts each; -1 for any incorrect component. Must indicate linkage in genotype; linkage desc ...
Gene Section MLL (myeloid/lymphoid or mixed lineage leukemia) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... MLL (11q23) - Courtesy Mariano Rocchi, Resources for Molecular Cytogenetics. ...
... MLL (11q23) - Courtesy Mariano Rocchi, Resources for Molecular Cytogenetics. ...
genetics and cytogenetics
... gametopbyte, any departure from these ideal conditions representt-: an aberration. The varIOUS types of aberrations are described in this §ection, and their bearing on problems of evolution is discussed. This material is often called "cytogenetics," although apy correlation at all between genetic da ...
... gametopbyte, any departure from these ideal conditions representt-: an aberration. The varIOUS types of aberrations are described in this §ection, and their bearing on problems of evolution is discussed. This material is often called "cytogenetics," although apy correlation at all between genetic da ...
Chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... previously unidentified specialized sequences that are required for accurate chromosome segregation. We examined the role of telomere-centromere separation by analyzing the behavior of telocentric derivatives of chromosome III. We made a full-length, telocentric chromosome by directing a linear plas ...
... previously unidentified specialized sequences that are required for accurate chromosome segregation. We examined the role of telomere-centromere separation by analyzing the behavior of telocentric derivatives of chromosome III. We made a full-length, telocentric chromosome by directing a linear plas ...
Planta
... from several tree species (Silver and Fall 1991; Kuzma and Fall 1993; Schnitzler et al. 1996; Wildermuth and Fall 1998). This so-called isoprene synthase was puri®ed from aspen leaves, digested by cyanogen bromide (CNBr), and the initial 6±24 amino acids of three peptide fragments (25 kDa, 13 kDa an ...
... from several tree species (Silver and Fall 1991; Kuzma and Fall 1993; Schnitzler et al. 1996; Wildermuth and Fall 1998). This so-called isoprene synthase was puri®ed from aspen leaves, digested by cyanogen bromide (CNBr), and the initial 6±24 amino acids of three peptide fragments (25 kDa, 13 kDa an ...
Imprinting of the Y Chromosome Influences Dosage Compensation
... Accepted for publication August 14, 2009 ABSTRACT Drosophila melanogaster males have a well-characterized regulatory system that increases X-linked gene expression. This essential process restores the balance between X-linked and autosomal gene products in males. A complex composed of the male-speci ...
... Accepted for publication August 14, 2009 ABSTRACT Drosophila melanogaster males have a well-characterized regulatory system that increases X-linked gene expression. This essential process restores the balance between X-linked and autosomal gene products in males. A complex composed of the male-speci ...
Rapid Diversification of RNase A Superfamily Ribonucleases from
... gene sequences, but it is interesting that the rate of radical nonsynonymous substitution is high, given that the isoelectric points of the various Rana ribonucleases do not differ markedly from one another. As there are no mammalian genes that are clearly orthologous to the Rana ribonucleases, we h ...
... gene sequences, but it is interesting that the rate of radical nonsynonymous substitution is high, given that the isoelectric points of the various Rana ribonucleases do not differ markedly from one another. As there are no mammalian genes that are clearly orthologous to the Rana ribonucleases, we h ...
Chapter 4
... Dunnen et al., 2000] for unambiguous sequence variant descriptions used in clinical reports, literature and genetic databases. To check and interpret these descriptions the Mutalyzer program suite [Wildeman et al., 2008] has been built with as main purpose the automatic checking disambiguation and c ...
... Dunnen et al., 2000] for unambiguous sequence variant descriptions used in clinical reports, literature and genetic databases. To check and interpret these descriptions the Mutalyzer program suite [Wildeman et al., 2008] has been built with as main purpose the automatic checking disambiguation and c ...
Properties of Mitotic and Meiotic Recombination in the
... in the frequency of inter-homolog recombination. They estimated that greater than 90% of the DSBs induced by X-rays in G2 were repaired by sister-chromatid exchange. A variety of other systems for the analysis of sister-chromatid mitotic recombination have been developed (Jackson and Fink, 1981; Sz ...
... in the frequency of inter-homolog recombination. They estimated that greater than 90% of the DSBs induced by X-rays in G2 were repaired by sister-chromatid exchange. A variety of other systems for the analysis of sister-chromatid mitotic recombination have been developed (Jackson and Fink, 1981; Sz ...
1 RUNNING TITLE Diversity and selection of
... three. The resulting dataset of 114 cultivated and two cerasiforme accessions and 29 markers (including the four fruit shape genes) was analyzed with the STRUCTURE 2.2 software (Pritchard et al., 2000). We tested population structure for K = 1-15 and determined that the best number of clusters is 5 ...
... three. The resulting dataset of 114 cultivated and two cerasiforme accessions and 29 markers (including the four fruit shape genes) was analyzed with the STRUCTURE 2.2 software (Pritchard et al., 2000). We tested population structure for K = 1-15 and determined that the best number of clusters is 5 ...
Real time PCR and it`s role in diagnosis
... Improving our understanding of the biology of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is of extreme importance if we are to combat human malaria.This parasite uses the process of antigenic variation to expose the human immune system to continually changing antigens on the surface of infected red blood ce ...
... Improving our understanding of the biology of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is of extreme importance if we are to combat human malaria.This parasite uses the process of antigenic variation to expose the human immune system to continually changing antigens on the surface of infected red blood ce ...
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... temporal expression patterns between apomicts and their sexual counterparts have been reported (Pessino et al. 2001; Rodrigues et al. 2003; Albertini et al. 2005; Chen et al. 2005), their functions remain largely speculative. In the current view, gametophytic apomixis is thought to rely on three gen ...
... temporal expression patterns between apomicts and their sexual counterparts have been reported (Pessino et al. 2001; Rodrigues et al. 2003; Albertini et al. 2005; Chen et al. 2005), their functions remain largely speculative. In the current view, gametophytic apomixis is thought to rely on three gen ...
The full-length HIV-1 molecular clone pLAI 61 was used to produce
... capped G residue. Supplementary Table 1 lists all oligonucleotides used in this study. The tat exon 1 was amplified by PCR on pLAI with primers NotI-WdV005 and WdV002; tat exon 2 with primers WdV007 and NotI-WdV004; rev exon 1 with primers NotI-WdV001 and WdV002; rev exon 2 with primers WdV003 and N ...
... capped G residue. Supplementary Table 1 lists all oligonucleotides used in this study. The tat exon 1 was amplified by PCR on pLAI with primers NotI-WdV005 and WdV002; tat exon 2 with primers WdV007 and NotI-WdV004; rev exon 1 with primers NotI-WdV001 and WdV002; rev exon 2 with primers WdV003 and N ...
Gene
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term ""having a gene"" (e.g., ""good genes,"" ""hair colour gene"") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.