PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX NEURONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
... in Fig. 2A and B), the neurons had maximum firing rates. When the global drifting directions were shifted up to 40° away from the preferred direction, their responses gradually decreased although the movements of the bar segment within the CRF were identical for different global directions (ANOVA, P ...
... in Fig. 2A and B), the neurons had maximum firing rates. When the global drifting directions were shifted up to 40° away from the preferred direction, their responses gradually decreased although the movements of the bar segment within the CRF were identical for different global directions (ANOVA, P ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... sensitive along a variety of stimulus dimensions, including: orientation, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, size, position, contrast, and color. For a single unit in V1, a stimulus value along these dimensions can be found that produces a maximum steady-state firing rate by measuring tuning cur ...
... sensitive along a variety of stimulus dimensions, including: orientation, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, size, position, contrast, and color. For a single unit in V1, a stimulus value along these dimensions can be found that produces a maximum steady-state firing rate by measuring tuning cur ...
Maruska & Tricas 2009b
... the exception of silent units. The coefficient of variation (CV), which is a dimensionless ratio of standard deviation to mean interspike interval was also calculated for each unit to estimate relative variability in resting discharge patterns. Units with resting activity were classified as regular ...
... the exception of silent units. The coefficient of variation (CV), which is a dimensionless ratio of standard deviation to mean interspike interval was also calculated for each unit to estimate relative variability in resting discharge patterns. Units with resting activity were classified as regular ...
INVESTIGATING THE SOPHISTICATION OF LONG-LATENCY UPPER LIMB
... Although this theory can explain how people move in the world, it does not specifically describe how this control process is implemented by the nervous system. In this thesis, we propose and explore one physiological implication of this theory. Specifically, we hypothesize that rapid feedback respon ...
... Although this theory can explain how people move in the world, it does not specifically describe how this control process is implemented by the nervous system. In this thesis, we propose and explore one physiological implication of this theory. Specifically, we hypothesize that rapid feedback respon ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... presented again, after it had been turned off for 15 min, the response of the neuron was fully recovered (figure 1e). Repetition suppression has since been observed in singleunit activity across a large number of different experimental conditions and brain regions, including the IT cortex [35,37–39] ...
... presented again, after it had been turned off for 15 min, the response of the neuron was fully recovered (figure 1e). Repetition suppression has since been observed in singleunit activity across a large number of different experimental conditions and brain regions, including the IT cortex [35,37–39] ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
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... first analyzed movement trajectories. The reaches generally did not go straight from one target to the next; they had some curvature that was influenced by the target probabilities (Fig. 2a,b ...
... first analyzed movement trajectories. The reaches generally did not go straight from one target to the next; they had some curvature that was influenced by the target probabilities (Fig. 2a,b ...
Persistent vulnerability to relapse despite complete extinction of
... cocaine priming, these cues would lead rats to expect, albeit falsely, that cocaine is again available for self-administration, thereby prompting them to reinstate responding. After repeated priming, however, these cues would progressively lose their predictive function. Regardless of the underlying ...
... cocaine priming, these cues would lead rats to expect, albeit falsely, that cocaine is again available for self-administration, thereby prompting them to reinstate responding. After repeated priming, however, these cues would progressively lose their predictive function. Regardless of the underlying ...
Visual Adaptation: Physiology, Mechanisms, and Functional Benefits
... In principle, the visual system could adjust to recent sensory input independently at each processing stage or perhaps whenever a large number of presynaptic signals are pooled (Baccus and Meister 2004). Alternatively, it could implement effects early in the processing stream and pass this altered r ...
... In principle, the visual system could adjust to recent sensory input independently at each processing stage or perhaps whenever a large number of presynaptic signals are pooled (Baccus and Meister 2004). Alternatively, it could implement effects early in the processing stream and pass this altered r ...
Effects of Acute and Neurotoxic Exposure in the Rat
... and in that sense interfered with learning. Those doses produced a general disruption of lever pressing under all procedures, probably by inducing stereotypies that were incompatible with lever pressing. In general, these findings are consistent with those obtained in studies that examined the effec ...
... and in that sense interfered with learning. Those doses produced a general disruption of lever pressing under all procedures, probably by inducing stereotypies that were incompatible with lever pressing. In general, these findings are consistent with those obtained in studies that examined the effec ...
Function of Peripheral Olfactory Organs
... length of the ORN axon into the AL (Chap. 5). The action potentials of particular ORNs have characteristic sizes and waveforms (Kaissling 1974) that often differ greatly enough among ORNs that researchers can discriminate them and assess their activities separately. Spike sizes may be related to the ...
... length of the ORN axon into the AL (Chap. 5). The action potentials of particular ORNs have characteristic sizes and waveforms (Kaissling 1974) that often differ greatly enough among ORNs that researchers can discriminate them and assess their activities separately. Spike sizes may be related to the ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... selectivity for complex visual patterns and showing response modulations related to behavioral context in the sequential delayed matchto-sample (DMS) trials, attention, and stimulus familiarity. Here we identify physiological differences in the neuronal activity of these two areas. We recorded singl ...
... selectivity for complex visual patterns and showing response modulations related to behavioral context in the sequential delayed matchto-sample (DMS) trials, attention, and stimulus familiarity. Here we identify physiological differences in the neuronal activity of these two areas. We recorded singl ...
Neurons in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Multiplex
... ms, 750 ms, and 1 s), and nearly identical results were obtained in all cases. Microelectrode recording techniques. Single electrodes were lowered To quantify spatial tuning functions, we fit cosine curves to plots of with a hydraulic microdrive (David Kopf Instruments) until the wavefiring rate as ...
... ms, 750 ms, and 1 s), and nearly identical results were obtained in all cases. Microelectrode recording techniques. Single electrodes were lowered To quantify spatial tuning functions, we fit cosine curves to plots of with a hydraulic microdrive (David Kopf Instruments) until the wavefiring rate as ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... The loudspeaker was located 53 cm above the bottom of the recording chamber. The box was built in black acrylic and had a surface of 22 by 27 cm and the walls had a height of 65 cm. The walls of the box were covered with corrugated cardboard (4 mm thickness) for sound-resonance suppression. Measurem ...
... The loudspeaker was located 53 cm above the bottom of the recording chamber. The box was built in black acrylic and had a surface of 22 by 27 cm and the walls had a height of 65 cm. The walls of the box were covered with corrugated cardboard (4 mm thickness) for sound-resonance suppression. Measurem ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... After cluster cutting of the spikes with Datawave software, the numbers of spikes of the single neuron in 80 time bins each 100 ms long starting at the onset of the stimulus were obtained using SPSS. Statistical analysis was performed on the numbers of spikes in the first 1 s period after stimulus o ...
... After cluster cutting of the spikes with Datawave software, the numbers of spikes of the single neuron in 80 time bins each 100 ms long starting at the onset of the stimulus were obtained using SPSS. Statistical analysis was performed on the numbers of spikes in the first 1 s period after stimulus o ...
Neural Responses to Facial Expression and Face Identity in the
... monkey maintained its gaze within the boundary of the stimulus images for the required time were included in the analysis. For each image presentation, two time intervals were considered: a baseline interval, 1 s immediately before the onset of the fixation icon, and a response interval, beginning 1 ...
... monkey maintained its gaze within the boundary of the stimulus images for the required time were included in the analysis. For each image presentation, two time intervals were considered: a baseline interval, 1 s immediately before the onset of the fixation icon, and a response interval, beginning 1 ...
Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... guided by the landmarks on cortical surface (Fig. 1A) and stereotaxic coordinates (Saleem and Logothetis, 2012). A total of five arrays were implanted in Monkey E (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and two in PMv in the left hemisphere) and four arrays in Monkey H (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and one an ...
... guided by the landmarks on cortical surface (Fig. 1A) and stereotaxic coordinates (Saleem and Logothetis, 2012). A total of five arrays were implanted in Monkey E (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and two in PMv in the left hemisphere) and four arrays in Monkey H (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and one an ...
the amygdala and reward
... of negative but not positive affective events. Perhaps the most important of the foregoing examples, in terms of its influence in pointing away from a role in reward processing, is visual-discrimination learning. One straightforward solution to a visualdiscrimination problem would rely on linking th ...
... of negative but not positive affective events. Perhaps the most important of the foregoing examples, in terms of its influence in pointing away from a role in reward processing, is visual-discrimination learning. One straightforward solution to a visualdiscrimination problem would rely on linking th ...
THE AMYGDALA AND REWARD
... of negative but not positive affective events. Perhaps the most important of the foregoing examples, in terms of its influence in pointing away from a role in reward processing, is visual-discrimination learning. One straightforward solution to a visualdiscrimination problem would rely on linking th ...
... of negative but not positive affective events. Perhaps the most important of the foregoing examples, in terms of its influence in pointing away from a role in reward processing, is visual-discrimination learning. One straightforward solution to a visualdiscrimination problem would rely on linking th ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... P < 0.05. Only neurons significantly activated during at least 1 of the 2 grasping epochs with respect to baseline were included in this study. Neurons showing a significantly different discharge rate between the 2 experimental conditions during one or both grasping epochs have been defined as ‘‘action ...
... P < 0.05. Only neurons significantly activated during at least 1 of the 2 grasping epochs with respect to baseline were included in this study. Neurons showing a significantly different discharge rate between the 2 experimental conditions during one or both grasping epochs have been defined as ‘‘action ...
Document
... stimuli were invisible to the SC, Sumner and al. presented luminance noise at the two possible target positions (see Figure 3). The target was luminance-defined (black dot), while the distractor was chromatically defined. Because the luminance noise made the luminance-defined target less salient, it ...
... stimuli were invisible to the SC, Sumner and al. presented luminance noise at the two possible target positions (see Figure 3). The target was luminance-defined (black dot), while the distractor was chromatically defined. Because the luminance noise made the luminance-defined target less salient, it ...
Column-Based Model of Electric Field Excitation of Cerebral Cortex
... TMS). The primary objective of the analysis was to determine the locations of the left hemisphere M1-hand response induced by TMS and that induced by finger movement both relative to sulcal anatomy and relative to standardized coordinates. A group SPI(z) (n ⫽ 11) was created for the finger-movement co ...
... TMS). The primary objective of the analysis was to determine the locations of the left hemisphere M1-hand response induced by TMS and that induced by finger movement both relative to sulcal anatomy and relative to standardized coordinates. A group SPI(z) (n ⫽ 11) was created for the finger-movement co ...
Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the
... were presented with pieces of food or objects of different size, shape and orientation, located in different space quadrants, with respect to the monkey’s body. The monkeys were allowed to reach for and grasp them, and, in the case of food, to bring it to the mouth and eat it. Hand movements were te ...
... were presented with pieces of food or objects of different size, shape and orientation, located in different space quadrants, with respect to the monkey’s body. The monkeys were allowed to reach for and grasp them, and, in the case of food, to bring it to the mouth and eat it. Hand movements were te ...
Morphological and F`unctional Identifications of Catfish Retinal
... This indicates that there is interaction between the two receptive-field components (as excited by the spot and annulus stimuli) but that this interaction takes place only for DC or very low frequencies. ...
... This indicates that there is interaction between the two receptive-field components (as excited by the spot and annulus stimuli) but that this interaction takes place only for DC or very low frequencies. ...
The continuous performance test: a window on
... attention from one target to another target. Consistent with Mesulam’s model, Posner found that damage to the posterior parietal lobe affected the ability to shift from a target on the same side as the injury to a target located contralaterally to the injury resulting in hemi-neglect or hemi-attenti ...
... attention from one target to another target. Consistent with Mesulam’s model, Posner found that damage to the posterior parietal lobe affected the ability to shift from a target on the same side as the injury to a target located contralaterally to the injury resulting in hemi-neglect or hemi-attenti ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.