DECODING NEURONAL FIRING AND MODELING NEURAL
... is greatly simplified if the integration time used to define the firing rate is longer than any intrinsic neuronal time scale affecting firing, as discussed in section 13. In this case, measured and calculated static properties can be used to construct a dynamic model. Although firing-rate models ar ...
... is greatly simplified if the integration time used to define the firing rate is longer than any intrinsic neuronal time scale affecting firing, as discussed in section 13. In this case, measured and calculated static properties can be used to construct a dynamic model. Although firing-rate models ar ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Subjects. The subjects were three adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 6.0 –9.0 kg). Head bolts and a chamber for microelectrode recording were attached to the skull under aseptic conditions and general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour, i.v.). By referring t ...
... Subjects. The subjects were three adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 6.0 –9.0 kg). Head bolts and a chamber for microelectrode recording were attached to the skull under aseptic conditions and general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour, i.v.). By referring t ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... space of our microscope setup (data shown in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 7). Second, an LED-based stimulus display was used to allow presentation of visual stimuli at a high frame rate (data shown in Figure 6B and data mentioned in the last paragraph of the results section “Neuronal activity is tuned to ...
... space of our microscope setup (data shown in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 7). Second, an LED-based stimulus display was used to allow presentation of visual stimuli at a high frame rate (data shown in Figure 6B and data mentioned in the last paragraph of the results section “Neuronal activity is tuned to ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
Heterogeneity of the Population of Command Neurons in the Lamprey
... duration was 18 ⫾ 12 msec (mean ⫾ SD). For the inhibitory responses, these values were 55 ⫾ 25% and 53 ⫾ 27 msec, respectively. A segmental delay of the responses also varied considerably; on average, however, the delay was the shortest for the ipsilateral excitatory responses (Fig. 4 A), longer for ...
... duration was 18 ⫾ 12 msec (mean ⫾ SD). For the inhibitory responses, these values were 55 ⫾ 25% and 53 ⫾ 27 msec, respectively. A segmental delay of the responses also varied considerably; on average, however, the delay was the shortest for the ipsilateral excitatory responses (Fig. 4 A), longer for ...
Receptors in lateral hypothalamic area involved in - AJP
... and the cobaltous chloride experiments (11), inhibition of the response was rarely complete. This suggests that the connections between IC autonomic efferents and LHA neurons may be relatively diffusely distributed within this region. This postulation is supported by the anterograde labeling of IC a ...
... and the cobaltous chloride experiments (11), inhibition of the response was rarely complete. This suggests that the connections between IC autonomic efferents and LHA neurons may be relatively diffusely distributed within this region. This postulation is supported by the anterograde labeling of IC a ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... of the guide tube wasperformedunder anesthesiawith ketathat monkey must fixate after the central fixation point went off (saccade task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while t ...
... of the guide tube wasperformedunder anesthesiawith ketathat monkey must fixate after the central fixation point went off (saccade task)]. In the delayed saccade task, this spot was also turned on briefly as mine hydrochloride. Eye movementswere recordedwith the use the cue of a future target while t ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS. Typically, VAS was represented by an array of 1650 waveform pairs spaced at 4.5 or 98 intervals; at each direction the pair of signals, appropriate for the left and right ears, was simulated digitally. Signal int ...
... elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS. Typically, VAS was represented by an array of 1650 waveform pairs spaced at 4.5 or 98 intervals; at each direction the pair of signals, appropriate for the left and right ears, was simulated digitally. Signal int ...
Task-dependent plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in
... occurs in very diVerent tasks, and learning situations, suggests that “it is a general process of information storage and representation”. Each of these earlier studies measured changes in receptive Weld properties of A1 neurons that arose from behavior – we highlight two speciWc results from the ea ...
... occurs in very diVerent tasks, and learning situations, suggests that “it is a general process of information storage and representation”. Each of these earlier studies measured changes in receptive Weld properties of A1 neurons that arose from behavior – we highlight two speciWc results from the ea ...
Starosta, S., Güntürkün, O., Stüttgen, M.C., Stimulus
... progressively dissimilar to S+; thereby, response rates provided a behavioral index of reward expectancy. We found that many NCL neurons’ responses were modulated in the stimulus discrimination phase, the outcome phase, or both. A substantial fraction of neurons increased firing for cues predicting ...
... progressively dissimilar to S+; thereby, response rates provided a behavioral index of reward expectancy. We found that many NCL neurons’ responses were modulated in the stimulus discrimination phase, the outcome phase, or both. A substantial fraction of neurons increased firing for cues predicting ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... based on the level of attention or expectation when performing a cognitive task (Luck et al., 1997; Kastner et al., 1999; Stokes et al., 2009; van Ede et al., 2010). The activity induced by an external stimulus interacts with the ongoing baseline activity to evoke the response in the brain (Fox et a ...
... based on the level of attention or expectation when performing a cognitive task (Luck et al., 1997; Kastner et al., 1999; Stokes et al., 2009; van Ede et al., 2010). The activity induced by an external stimulus interacts with the ongoing baseline activity to evoke the response in the brain (Fox et a ...
Print
... frequency-level grid. The number of recorded spikes and their arrival times evoked by the corresponding tone burst at a specific sound level are stored in a microcomputer for off-line analysis. Typically, a brief phasic discharge is recorded 8 – 40 ms after tone burst onset for a frequency range wit ...
... frequency-level grid. The number of recorded spikes and their arrival times evoked by the corresponding tone burst at a specific sound level are stored in a microcomputer for off-line analysis. Typically, a brief phasic discharge is recorded 8 – 40 ms after tone burst onset for a frequency range wit ...
Electroencephalogram based Brain
... ranges. ERD is the EEG attenuation in primary and secondary motor cortices during preparatory stage which peaks at movement onset in the contralateral hemisphere while ERS is EEG amplification in ipsilateral hemisphere occurring during the same time. ERS appears to be an evolutionary built-in inhibi ...
... ranges. ERD is the EEG attenuation in primary and secondary motor cortices during preparatory stage which peaks at movement onset in the contralateral hemisphere while ERS is EEG amplification in ipsilateral hemisphere occurring during the same time. ERS appears to be an evolutionary built-in inhibi ...
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex
... BOLD signal is in fact sensitive to movement direction. In addition, a model was constructed to estimate cluster size. This model estimated that cluster diameter is several hundreds of microns, which is comparable to the cluster size estimated in other studies in monkey M1. Given these results, the ...
... BOLD signal is in fact sensitive to movement direction. In addition, a model was constructed to estimate cluster size. This model estimated that cluster diameter is several hundreds of microns, which is comparable to the cluster size estimated in other studies in monkey M1. Given these results, the ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... tracheotomy and intravenous cannulation, the ears were locally anesthetized with viscous lidocaine (International Medical Systems, El Monte, CA) and the animal placed in a stereotaxic frame. The animal’s retinae were focused on the screen with contact lenses. The pupils were dilated with atropine me ...
... tracheotomy and intravenous cannulation, the ears were locally anesthetized with viscous lidocaine (International Medical Systems, El Monte, CA) and the animal placed in a stereotaxic frame. The animal’s retinae were focused on the screen with contact lenses. The pupils were dilated with atropine me ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... (1992) showed that the amplitude of the ERN increased as participants were motivated, via a payoff function, to strive for accuracy over speed in a choice reaction-time task (see also Gehring et al., 1993). His work has suggested that the system that produces the ERN is sensitive to the importance o ...
... (1992) showed that the amplitude of the ERN increased as participants were motivated, via a payoff function, to strive for accuracy over speed in a choice reaction-time task (see also Gehring et al., 1993). His work has suggested that the system that produces the ERN is sensitive to the importance o ...
Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in
... were smoothly morphed, that is, without sudden appearance or disappearance of any feature. They were 4.2 in diameter and had identical color, shading, and scale. Monkeys were trained (over the course of several months) to indicate (by releasing a lever) whether 2 successively presented stimuli (‘‘s ...
... were smoothly morphed, that is, without sudden appearance or disappearance of any feature. They were 4.2 in diameter and had identical color, shading, and scale. Monkeys were trained (over the course of several months) to indicate (by releasing a lever) whether 2 successively presented stimuli (‘‘s ...
In 1978 Mountcastle hypothesized that the smallest functional unit of
... (“mosaic”) made up of discrete place-defined macrocolumns – “segregates”– in the region of cat and monkey somatosensory cortex which receives input from forelimb skin, also proposed that discrete place-defined macrocolumns are a common mode of topographic organization throughout somatosensory cortex ...
... (“mosaic”) made up of discrete place-defined macrocolumns – “segregates”– in the region of cat and monkey somatosensory cortex which receives input from forelimb skin, also proposed that discrete place-defined macrocolumns are a common mode of topographic organization throughout somatosensory cortex ...
Descending Systems Translate Transient Cortical Commands into a
... For cells which passed the above criteria, we computed the perievent time histogram (PETH) around torque onset and torque offset as defined above. In both cases, the aligning event was the beginning of torque production, which was defined offline based on the derivative of the torque signal (Yanai et a ...
... For cells which passed the above criteria, we computed the perievent time histogram (PETH) around torque onset and torque offset as defined above. In both cases, the aligning event was the beginning of torque production, which was defined offline based on the derivative of the torque signal (Yanai et a ...
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... input directs spatial and temporal plasticity in primary auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol 86: 326 –338, 2001. The cortical representation of the sensory environment is continuously modified by experience. Changes in spatial (receptive field) and temporal response properties of cortical neurons underl ...
... input directs spatial and temporal plasticity in primary auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol 86: 326 –338, 2001. The cortical representation of the sensory environment is continuously modified by experience. Changes in spatial (receptive field) and temporal response properties of cortical neurons underl ...
Predictive Coding: A Possible Explanation of Filling
... blind spot, filling-in also occurs in other visual input deficit conditions, e.g. filling-in at the artificial and natural retinal scotoma [2, 3]. In addition to the deficit of input, filling-in also occurs in visual illusions such as Neon color spreading, Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet illusion, Kanizsa s ...
... blind spot, filling-in also occurs in other visual input deficit conditions, e.g. filling-in at the artificial and natural retinal scotoma [2, 3]. In addition to the deficit of input, filling-in also occurs in visual illusions such as Neon color spreading, Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet illusion, Kanizsa s ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... the responsiveness of area 1 neurons (Garraghty et al., 1990) and secondary somatosensory (SII) neurons (Pons et al., 1992; see also Pons et al., 1987) to cutaneous stimuli. It also produces profound behavioral deficits in all somatosensory tasks tested, whereas removal of other SI areas produces sp ...
... the responsiveness of area 1 neurons (Garraghty et al., 1990) and secondary somatosensory (SII) neurons (Pons et al., 1992; see also Pons et al., 1987) to cutaneous stimuli. It also produces profound behavioral deficits in all somatosensory tasks tested, whereas removal of other SI areas produces sp ...
Synaptic Depression and the Temporal Response Characteristics of
... In the nondirectionally selective model (see Fig. 2 A), all of the excitatory synaptic strengths were set to gj % 0.009, and the inhibitory synapses all had gj % 0.0025 (for exceptions, see Fig. 2 B, middle and bottom, where values 2.4 and 10 times larger were used to compensate for the increased de ...
... In the nondirectionally selective model (see Fig. 2 A), all of the excitatory synaptic strengths were set to gj % 0.009, and the inhibitory synapses all had gj % 0.0025 (for exceptions, see Fig. 2 B, middle and bottom, where values 2.4 and 10 times larger were used to compensate for the increased de ...
Pattern adaptation and cross-orientation interactions in the primary
... concern for the overall illumination, and ultimately allows one to see equally well under a wide range of illumination conditions. A different mechanism of visual adaptation makes its first appearance in the primary visual cortex (V1). The responses of V1 neurons—which are selective for visual attri ...
... concern for the overall illumination, and ultimately allows one to see equally well under a wide range of illumination conditions. A different mechanism of visual adaptation makes its first appearance in the primary visual cortex (V1). The responses of V1 neurons—which are selective for visual attri ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.