Circuitry and Function of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
... depended on changes in the stimulus spectrum at high frequencies to discriminate speakers. Apparently, cats can hear the spectral cues at higher frequencies and discriminate changes in the spectrum, but the variation of spectral shape with sound source direction is so complex at high frequencies tha ...
... depended on changes in the stimulus spectrum at high frequencies to discriminate speakers. Apparently, cats can hear the spectral cues at higher frequencies and discriminate changes in the spectrum, but the variation of spectral shape with sound source direction is so complex at high frequencies tha ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... Electrical stimulation of the cortex and thalamus. Parallel, bipolar stimulating electrodes (constructed from nylon-coated stainless steel wires; California Fine Wire) with tip diameters of ⬃100 m, a tip separation of ⬃150 m, and an impedance of ⬃10 k⍀ were implanted into the ipsilateral frontal c ...
... Electrical stimulation of the cortex and thalamus. Parallel, bipolar stimulating electrodes (constructed from nylon-coated stainless steel wires; California Fine Wire) with tip diameters of ⬃100 m, a tip separation of ⬃150 m, and an impedance of ⬃10 k⍀ were implanted into the ipsilateral frontal c ...
Responses of Primate Caudal Parabrachial Nucleus and Ko¨lliker
... The spike times were identified with 0.1-ms precision and the firing rates were digitized at 5 ms/sample. Each stimulus cycle was divided into 64 equally spaced time bins, and the number of neuronal spikes in each time bin was averaged to compute the firing rate across an average stimulus cycle. The ...
... The spike times were identified with 0.1-ms precision and the firing rates were digitized at 5 ms/sample. Each stimulus cycle was divided into 64 equally spaced time bins, and the number of neuronal spikes in each time bin was averaged to compute the firing rate across an average stimulus cycle. The ...
Olfactory Learning in Drosophila: Learning from Models
... upper left part for an illustration). Plotting the LI vs. the corresponding ISI results in a behavioral response curve sketched in the lower part of Fig. 1 (for the corresponding experiment, see Tanimoto et al. [5]). For large ISIs on the order of tens of seconds, both positive and negative, the LI ...
... upper left part for an illustration). Plotting the LI vs. the corresponding ISI results in a behavioral response curve sketched in the lower part of Fig. 1 (for the corresponding experiment, see Tanimoto et al. [5]). For large ISIs on the order of tens of seconds, both positive and negative, the LI ...
Modelling Neuronal Mechanisms of the Processing of Tones and System
... The scientific study of the perception of sequences of alternating auditory stimuli has a long tradition. Already more than half a century ago, researchers started mapping the dependence of what humans perceive when listening to such sequences on the basic experimental parameters of spectral distanc ...
... The scientific study of the perception of sequences of alternating auditory stimuli has a long tradition. Already more than half a century ago, researchers started mapping the dependence of what humans perceive when listening to such sequences on the basic experimental parameters of spectral distanc ...
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... to shift attention between visual and tactile tasks, they observed an increase in firing rate of the neurons and in their degree of synchronization during the tactile task and not the visual task. Different forms of perceptual learning result, when subjects are required to attend to different stimul ...
... to shift attention between visual and tactile tasks, they observed an increase in firing rate of the neurons and in their degree of synchronization during the tactile task and not the visual task. Different forms of perceptual learning result, when subjects are required to attend to different stimul ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... V1. Indeed, our evaluation of the topographic organization of the BSR was based on systematic comparisons between RFs obtained with CE vs. IE stimulation. We favored this strategy because comparisons could be made for the same recording and not across recordings, as would be the case, for example, w ...
... V1. Indeed, our evaluation of the topographic organization of the BSR was based on systematic comparisons between RFs obtained with CE vs. IE stimulation. We favored this strategy because comparisons could be made for the same recording and not across recordings, as would be the case, for example, w ...
The dynamics of visual responses in the primary visual cortex
... The first model offered chronologically, and first discussed here, is the feedforward model that is descended from the pioneering work of Hubel and Wiesel (1962). The HW model has the great virtue of being explicit and calculable. It involves the addition of signals from LGN cells that are aligned in ...
... The first model offered chronologically, and first discussed here, is the feedforward model that is descended from the pioneering work of Hubel and Wiesel (1962). The HW model has the great virtue of being explicit and calculable. It involves the addition of signals from LGN cells that are aligned in ...
The time course of selective visual attention: theory and experiments
... latency of a parallel process? In other words, are priority maps and spotlight mechanisms required? A second interesting question is to determine the characteristics of top-down aided competition in feature space. It should be clarified whether this competition is achieved independently in each featu ...
... latency of a parallel process? In other words, are priority maps and spotlight mechanisms required? A second interesting question is to determine the characteristics of top-down aided competition in feature space. It should be clarified whether this competition is achieved independently in each featu ...
Abstract of “Primate frontal eye fields mediate spatial attention in
... Visual spatial attention serves to select locations of interest in the visual field and enhances the cortical representation of objects at those locations. Previous studies suggest that neural activity in primate frontal eye fields (FEF) is involved in the spatial selection of salient stimuli in com ...
... Visual spatial attention serves to select locations of interest in the visual field and enhances the cortical representation of objects at those locations. Previous studies suggest that neural activity in primate frontal eye fields (FEF) is involved in the spatial selection of salient stimuli in com ...
Motor Resonance Meets Motor Performance - Unitn
... In a subsequent work (Rizzolatti et al., 1988) the authors confirmed and enriched the data from Rizzolatti et al. 1987 recording 216 neurons from the F5 sector of the frontal cortex of three monkeys. The data showed that the vast majority of the recorded neurons in F5 (193/216, 89%) responded select ...
... In a subsequent work (Rizzolatti et al., 1988) the authors confirmed and enriched the data from Rizzolatti et al. 1987 recording 216 neurons from the F5 sector of the frontal cortex of three monkeys. The data showed that the vast majority of the recorded neurons in F5 (193/216, 89%) responded select ...
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... al. 1983; see Irvine 1992 for review). However, free-field studies alone cannot determine which acoustic cues are responsible for this directional sensitivity because they do not allow independent control over each cue. Such control can be achieved in dichotic studies that deliver stimuli through cl ...
... al. 1983; see Irvine 1992 for review). However, free-field studies alone cannot determine which acoustic cues are responsible for this directional sensitivity because they do not allow independent control over each cue. Such control can be achieved in dichotic studies that deliver stimuli through cl ...
Experience-dependent corticofugal adjustment
... whether BF shifts in the IC evoked by ASt 1 ESl are mediated by the corticofugal system, the corticofugal system was inactivated during ASt 1 ESl or immediately after collicular BF shifts were evoked by ASt 1 ESl by applying 0.4 mg of muscimol (an agonist of an inhibitory synaptic transmitter, g-ami ...
... whether BF shifts in the IC evoked by ASt 1 ESl are mediated by the corticofugal system, the corticofugal system was inactivated during ASt 1 ESl or immediately after collicular BF shifts were evoked by ASt 1 ESl by applying 0.4 mg of muscimol (an agonist of an inhibitory synaptic transmitter, g-ami ...
Taking action in hand: Effects of gesture observation on action
... Results indicate that, when representing actions, some pantomime gestures clearly map onto a unique action concept, while others are more ambiguous. Pantomime gestures representing actions involving instruments (e.g. hammer) are particularly ambiguous. This ambiguity was, however, attenuated when pa ...
... Results indicate that, when representing actions, some pantomime gestures clearly map onto a unique action concept, while others are more ambiguous. Pantomime gestures representing actions involving instruments (e.g. hammer) are particularly ambiguous. This ambiguity was, however, attenuated when pa ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... Schmolesky et al., 1998). For comparing stimulus-related responses, we determined the mean activity in the interval 65 msec around the peak of neuronal activation in a time window from 70 to 140 msec after stimulus appearance, and the prestimulus activation in the interval 40 –50 msec after stimulus ...
... Schmolesky et al., 1998). For comparing stimulus-related responses, we determined the mean activity in the interval 65 msec around the peak of neuronal activation in a time window from 70 to 140 msec after stimulus appearance, and the prestimulus activation in the interval 40 –50 msec after stimulus ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... Figure 3. Time-dependent plots of neuronal selectivity for the tactics and action under the three behavioral conditions (data are supplementary motor area (SMA). In both for the same neuron shown in Fig. 2A). The time courses of tactics (green) and action (red) selectivity were computed consecutivel ...
... Figure 3. Time-dependent plots of neuronal selectivity for the tactics and action under the three behavioral conditions (data are supplementary motor area (SMA). In both for the same neuron shown in Fig. 2A). The time courses of tactics (green) and action (red) selectivity were computed consecutivel ...
Somatosensory cortex functional connectivity
... responses to vibrotactile stimulation in ASD would achieve this goal. In healthy individuals, vibrotactile stimulations on the fingertips dramatically increase the behaviourally measured temporal separation threshold needed for distinguishing between two consecutive tactile pulses, but no such effect ...
... responses to vibrotactile stimulation in ASD would achieve this goal. In healthy individuals, vibrotactile stimulations on the fingertips dramatically increase the behaviourally measured temporal separation threshold needed for distinguishing between two consecutive tactile pulses, but no such effect ...
Effort and Valuation in the Brain
... dominant hand to squeeze. For force calibration, we measured fmax three times and calibrated grip levels based on the highest value of Figure 2. A,. Force data from one trial from one subject with its sigmoid fit line and first derivative to smooth the data. From this function, we use a threshold to ...
... dominant hand to squeeze. For force calibration, we measured fmax three times and calibrated grip levels based on the highest value of Figure 2. A,. Force data from one trial from one subject with its sigmoid fit line and first derivative to smooth the data. From this function, we use a threshold to ...
Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... under a condition of relative olfactory compromise. Confirmation of recording sites. After experimental sessions, subjects were deeply anesthetized and perfused through the heart with saline, followed by 10% Formalin. Ten seconds of direct current (5–10 A) were passed through the electrodes from wh ...
... under a condition of relative olfactory compromise. Confirmation of recording sites. After experimental sessions, subjects were deeply anesthetized and perfused through the heart with saline, followed by 10% Formalin. Ten seconds of direct current (5–10 A) were passed through the electrodes from wh ...
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Reflect Covert, Serial Shifts of Attention
... visual search we performed a psychophysical experiment in which we varied the number of objects in the visual array from 2 to 4. The behavioral RT to find the target during search increased by 22 ms for every item added to the visual array, suggesting that it took the animals approximately 44 ms to ...
... visual search we performed a psychophysical experiment in which we varied the number of objects in the visual array from 2 to 4. The behavioral RT to find the target during search increased by 22 ms for every item added to the visual array, suggesting that it took the animals approximately 44 ms to ...
Time Course and Time–Distance Relationships for Surround
... surround stimulus from the CRF, we designed a second, simpler experiment that allowed us to focus on the timing of the onset of suppression. In this experiment, the optimal drifting grating for the CRF appeared on a mean gray background for 1 sec, and a surround stimulus appeared 400 msec later and ...
... surround stimulus from the CRF, we designed a second, simpler experiment that allowed us to focus on the timing of the onset of suppression. In this experiment, the optimal drifting grating for the CRF appeared on a mean gray background for 1 sec, and a surround stimulus appeared 400 msec later and ...
Saccade performance in the nasal and temporal
... left and right eyes, respectively, are inhibited before the pulling recti starts to rotate the eyes. LLBNs in the midbrain receive projections from the superior colliculus (SC) and project to OPNs, IBNs and EBNs. The LLBNs start firing about 40 ms before the saccade begins. At the end of the saccade ...
... left and right eyes, respectively, are inhibited before the pulling recti starts to rotate the eyes. LLBNs in the midbrain receive projections from the superior colliculus (SC) and project to OPNs, IBNs and EBNs. The LLBNs start firing about 40 ms before the saccade begins. At the end of the saccade ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reflex Reversal in Coxo
... not blocked by presynaptic inhibition to allow the polysynaptic assistance reflex. The blockade may be limited to some particular primary afferents or some branches of each. The inputs not subjected to presynaptic inhibition would use alternative interneuronal pathways, which represent the second le ...
... not blocked by presynaptic inhibition to allow the polysynaptic assistance reflex. The blockade may be limited to some particular primary afferents or some branches of each. The inputs not subjected to presynaptic inhibition would use alternative interneuronal pathways, which represent the second le ...
Electrical Stimulation of the Horizontal Limb of the Diagonal Band
... responses to baseline pulse (baseline response) and test pulse 50 ms after HDB stimulation (test response, Dt 5 50 ms). The population EPSP observed in layer Ia of the PC after stimulation of the LOT has a first negative peak (A1), followed by a second negative inflection (B1). A1 is generated by th ...
... responses to baseline pulse (baseline response) and test pulse 50 ms after HDB stimulation (test response, Dt 5 50 ms). The population EPSP observed in layer Ia of the PC after stimulation of the LOT has a first negative peak (A1), followed by a second negative inflection (B1). A1 is generated by th ...
Cardiovascular depressor responses to stimulation of substantia
... withdrawal reflexes. Body temperature was monitored and maintained at 37 6 1.0°C by a heating pad controlled by a temperature controller (model 73; Yellow Springs Instruments). The animal was placed in a Kopf stereotaxic frame, and a hole was drilled through the parietal bone to expose the brain tis ...
... withdrawal reflexes. Body temperature was monitored and maintained at 37 6 1.0°C by a heating pad controlled by a temperature controller (model 73; Yellow Springs Instruments). The animal was placed in a Kopf stereotaxic frame, and a hole was drilled through the parietal bone to expose the brain tis ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.