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great african civilizations
great african civilizations

... was after the fall of The Roman Empire around 473 CE when Western Europe really lost themselves and European civilization started to go backwards as opposed to forward. As a result of the Black Plague and the “Rebirth” of European Civilization during the Renaissance, when Europe got back into gear. ...
Chapter 16 The First Global Age
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... By the 1600s, Spain, France, Britain, and the Netherlands were competing for colonies and trade around the world. All four had colonies in North America, where they often fought over territory. During the 1700s, Britain and France clashed in a worldwide struggle, known as the Seven Years’ War. In No ...
age of exploration - Weatherford High School
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... • The dispersal of Africans throughout the New World is directly related to slavery, as they were forced to go wherever labor was demanded. • British colonies, in what is now the southern United States, depend on slave labor for production of cash crops • Knowledge of agriculture including rice that ...
Snapshot of the World to 600 CE
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... patterns. Eastern Africa-Swahili city-states continued Indian Ocean trade. Americas: Colonized by Portuguese, Songhai collapse left political fragmentation. 1770s-Islamic influence partly Spanish, Dutch, English; Inspired by a Southeast Asia: Chinese influence a way to escape capture as slaves; 1652 ...
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The Americas - Mr. Trainor`s Page
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International Trade in Historical Perspective
International Trade in Historical Perspective

... umented in great detail the evolution of communications and the mobility of people across distant regions during that period, developments that were particularly pronounced during the Carolingian Empire in the 8th century. European imports of spices were replaced then by imports of exotic medicines ...
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Foundation - Cloudfront.net
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... innovations in ship designs, and an improved understanding of global wind and currents patterns – all of which made transoceanic travel and trade possible.  Remarkable new transoceanic maritime reconnaissance occurred in this period.  The new global circulation of goods was facilitated by royal ch ...
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Towns and Trade and Early Capitalism
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Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia
Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia

... and the indigenous peoples and also between the European nations themselves. The Dutch, English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese fought each other on land and sea throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries over these trade rivalries. The Seven Years’ War, also known as the “great war for em ...
Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia
Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia

... and the indigenous peoples and also between the European nations themselves. The Dutch, English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese fought each other on land and sea throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries over these trade rivalries. The Seven Years’ War, also known as the “great war for em ...
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Proto-globalization



Proto-globalization or early modern globalization is a period of the history of globalization roughly spanning the years between 1600 and 1800, following the period of archaic globalization. First introduced by historians A. G. Hopkins and Christopher Bayly, the term describes the phase of increasing trade links and cultural exchange that characterized the period immediately preceding the advent of so-called 'modern globalization' in the 19th century.Proto-globalization distinguished itself from modern globalization on the basis of expansionism, the method of managing global trade, and the level of information exchange. The period of proto-globalization is marked by such trade arrangements as the East India Company, the shift of hegemony to Western Europe, the rise of larger-scale conflicts between powerful nations such as the Thirty Year War, and a rise of new commodities—most particularly slave trade. The Triangular Trade made it possible for Europe to take advantage of resources within the western hemisphere. The transfer of plant and animal crops and epidemic diseases associated with Alfred Crosby's concept of The Columbian Exchange also played a central role in this process. Proto-globalization trade and communications involved a vast group including European, Muslim, Indian, Southeast Asian and Chinese merchants, particularly in the Indian Ocean region.The transition from proto-globalization to modern globalization was marked with a more complex global network based on both capitalistic and technological exchange; however, it led to a significant collapse in cultural exchange.
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