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handout 4
handout 4

... Lecture Example: Nitrogen gas is prepared by passing ammonia gas over solid copper (II) oxide at high temperatures. The other products are solid copper and water vapor. If 18.1 g of NH3 are reacted with 90.4 g of CuO, which is the limiting reactant? How many grams of nitrogen gas will be formed? How ...
- Angelo State University
- Angelo State University

Document
Document

... Enthalpy Changes ...
Section 4.9 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
Section 4.9 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions

... If the actual yield for the previous problem was 10.5 g, calculate the percent yield. The theoretical yield that we calculated was 13.6 g. If the actual yield is 3.16 g then percent yield is ...
Solution of the 1st Major Exam, Term 061, Version 000, all correct
Solution of the 1st Major Exam, Term 061, Version 000, all correct

... through a column of a 0.10 M LiCl solution. Given that the crosssectional area of the column is 2.0 x 10-4 m2 and that of the ionic molar conductivities of Li+ and Cl- are 4.0 x 10-3 and 7.5 x 10-3 S m2 mol-1, respectively, calculate the speed (m sec-1) of the Li+ ion. A) B) C) D) E) ...
Two-Electron Reduction of a Vanadium(V) Nitride by CO to Release
Two-Electron Reduction of a Vanadium(V) Nitride by CO to Release

... of metallanitrenes (LnM=NR) with CO to give bound organic isocyanate ligands (LnM(RNCO)) is well documented, but in these examples, the metallanitrene nitrogen atom is often considered electrophilic.10 The terminal nitride ligand of 1VN– is known to be a competent nucleophile,11 leading us to sugges ...
2003 AP Chemistry Form B Scoring Guidelines - AP Central
2003 AP Chemistry Form B Scoring Guidelines - AP Central

... (d) On the graph above, make a sketch that shows how the concentration of H2(g) changes as a function of time. From the graph, [H2]eq is 0.10 M The curve should have the following characteristics: - start at 0 M; - increase to 0.1 M; - reach equilibrium at the same time [HI] reaches equilibrium ...
Thermochemistry ppt
Thermochemistry ppt

... The heat change caused by dissolution of one mole of substance in the molar heat of solution (Hsoln). Sodium hydroxide is a good example of an exothermic molar heat of solution. When 1 mol of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)(s) is dissolved in water, the solution can become so hot that it steams. The heat i ...
Chemistry I
Chemistry I

... "A chemical compound always contains exactly the same proporproportion of elements by mass". E. g. water: oxygen:hydrogen = 8:1 Law of multiple proportions (J. Dalton, 1803): "The proportions of mass of two elements in different compounds are rations of small whole numbers". E.g.: 100 g of carbon re ...
Unit 8 Packet
Unit 8 Packet

... 6. The recipe for Coca-Cola Classic is a closely guarded secret. Researchers outside the company believe the flavoring mixture, known as “7X”, contains oils of orange, lemon, nutmeg, cinnamon, and coriander. The original mixture also contained caffeine, vanilla, caramel, lime juice, sugar or artific ...
Equilibrium
Equilibrium

... *However, not every exothermic reaction is spontaneous and not every endothermic reaction is nonspontaneous. The important point is that an energy decrease works as one factor in favour of spontaneity. 2. Entropy and Favourable Changes: *Entropy, S,  a measure of the _____________ or ______________ ...
Alcohols Oxidation by oxygen O2 in presence of
Alcohols Oxidation by oxygen O2 in presence of

... presence of this catalyst in toluene solvent under reflux in oxygen atmosphere has been examined. According to the general method earlier, the mixture of every alcohol with catalysis extent of refluxed in toluene solvent saturated with oxygen. After the completion of the reaction, the products were ...
PS_CHEM7_ch4 - WordPress.com
PS_CHEM7_ch4 - WordPress.com

... • b) Glycine (H2NCH2COOH) is a covalent compound, but it contains polar N–H and O–H bonds. This would make the molecule interact well with polar water molecules, and make it likely that it would be soluble. c) Pentane (C5H12) has no bonds of significant polarity, so it would not be expected to be so ...
Stoichiometry notes 1
Stoichiometry notes 1

... A. Limiting Reactants Reminder - The five steps of stoichiometry 1. Write a balanced chemical equation. 2. Label your given and target substances. 3. Convert your given unit(s) to moles of given substance using the appropriate conversion factor. 4. Convert moles of given substance to moles of targe ...
chem 100 class notes - Louisiana Tech University
chem 100 class notes - Louisiana Tech University

Reactions Balancing Chemical Equations uses Law of conservation
Reactions Balancing Chemical Equations uses Law of conservation

... Sum of oxidation numbers is equal to overall charge of molecule or ion: •  For a neutral compound the sum of oxidation numbers equals zero. •  For a polyatomic ion, the sum of the oxidation numbers is equal to the charge on the ion. Shared electrons are assigned to the more electronegative atom of t ...
Chemistry
Chemistry

... as 440 BC, the Greek Leucippus and his pupil Democritus coined the term atomos to describe the smallest particle of matter. It translates to mean something that is indivisible. In the eighteenth century, chemist, John Dalton, revived the term when he suggested that each element was made up of unique ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... 2 atoms Mg + 1 molecule O2 makes 2 formula units MgO 2 moles Mg + 1 mole O2 makes 2 moles MgO 48.6 grams Mg + 32.0 grams O2 makes 80.6 g MgO ...
Osmium(VIII) Catalyzed Oxidation of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid
Osmium(VIII) Catalyzed Oxidation of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid

... mechanism of catalysis depends on the nature of the substrate, oxidant and on experimental conditions, it has been shown [13] that metal ions act as catalysts by one of these different paths such as the formation of complexes with reactants or oxidation of the substrate itself or through the formati ...
7.1 CHEMICAL SYSTEMS IN EQUILIBRIUM: Dynamic Equilibrium in
7.1 CHEMICAL SYSTEMS IN EQUILIBRIUM: Dynamic Equilibrium in

Chemistry Academic v. 2016
Chemistry Academic v. 2016

Chemistry
Chemistry

... a) Give steps (using correct terms for glassware, chemicals, and lab equipment) for the experiment you need to perform in order to determine the concentration of the HCl. b) What is this type of experiment called? c) Indicate what measurements need to be taken (you do not have to discuss any calcula ...
Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... Matter. Calculate H for the process in which 50.0 g of water is converted from liquid at 10.0°C to vapor at 25.0°C. Break the problem into two steps: Raise the temperature of the liquid first then completely vaporize it. The total enthalpy change is the sum of the changes in each step. ...
chemical equation - HCC Learning Web
chemical equation - HCC Learning Web

... 2. Write the unbalanced equation that summarizes the reaction described in step 1. 3. Balance the equation by inspection, starting with the most complicated molecule(s). The same number of each type of atom needs to appear on both reactant and product sides. Do NOT change the formulas of any of the ...
Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy
Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy

... Enthalpy Changes ...
< 1 ... 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 ... 207 >

Bioorthogonal chemistry



The term bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reaction that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes. The term was coined by Carolyn R. Bertozzi in 2003. Since its introduction, the concept of the bioorthogonal reaction has enabled the study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids in real time in living systems without cellular toxicity. A number of chemical ligation strategies have been developed that fulfill the requirements of bioorthogonality, including the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and cyclooctynes (also termed copper-free click chemistry), between nitrones and cyclooctynes, oxime/hydrazone formation from aldehydes and ketones, the tetrazine ligation, the isocyanide-based click reaction, and most recently, the quadricyclane ligation.The use of bioorthogonal chemistry typically proceeds in two steps. First, a cellular substrate is modified with a bioorthogonal functional group (chemical reporter) and introduced to the cell; substrates include metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, etc. The chemical reporter must not alter the structure of the substrate dramatically to avoid affecting its bioactivity. Secondly, a probe containing the complementary functional group is introduced to react and label the substrate.Although effective bioorthogonal reactions such as copper-free click chemistry have been developed, development of new reactions continues to generate orthogonal methods for labeling to allow multiple methods of labeling to be used in the same biosystems.
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