Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
... Gas-Forming Reactions • This reaction gives the predicted product, but you better carry it out in the hood, or you will be very unpopular! • Just as in the previous examples, a gas is formed as a product of this reaction: Na2S (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) Na2SO4 (aq) + H2S (g) Aqueous Reactions ...
... Gas-Forming Reactions • This reaction gives the predicted product, but you better carry it out in the hood, or you will be very unpopular! • Just as in the previous examples, a gas is formed as a product of this reaction: Na2S (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) Na2SO4 (aq) + H2S (g) Aqueous Reactions ...
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions - An Introduction to Chemistry
... the electrons and be reduced. In other words, oxidation (loss of electrons) must be accompanied by reduction (gain of electrons). In the reaction that forms ZnO from Zn and O2, the uncharged zinc atoms cannot easily lose electrons and be oxidized unless something such as oxygen is there to gain the ...
... the electrons and be reduced. In other words, oxidation (loss of electrons) must be accompanied by reduction (gain of electrons). In the reaction that forms ZnO from Zn and O2, the uncharged zinc atoms cannot easily lose electrons and be oxidized unless something such as oxygen is there to gain the ...
Chapter 09 An Overview of Chemical Reactions Notes
... b. How many moles of carbon dioxide would be produced if 2.5 mol of calcium carbonate is used? 4. Aluminum reacts with hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq), to produce aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas. a. Write a balanced equation for the reaction. b. Calculate the number of moles of HCl (aq) required to r ...
... b. How many moles of carbon dioxide would be produced if 2.5 mol of calcium carbonate is used? 4. Aluminum reacts with hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq), to produce aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas. a. Write a balanced equation for the reaction. b. Calculate the number of moles of HCl (aq) required to r ...
REDOX EQUILIBRIA SL - chemistryatdulwich
... Spontaneous redox reactions can be used to produce an electric current by using difference in reactivity or oxidising ability between metals. A voltaic or electrochemical cell is made by connecting two half-cells using an external circuit and a salt bridge as shown below. The external circuit allows ...
... Spontaneous redox reactions can be used to produce an electric current by using difference in reactivity or oxidising ability between metals. A voltaic or electrochemical cell is made by connecting two half-cells using an external circuit and a salt bridge as shown below. The external circuit allows ...
AP Chemistry: Chapter 13 Gaseous Equilibrium Section 1: Multiple
... 2 H2S(g) 2 H2(g) + S2(g) When heated, hydrogen sulfide gas decomposes according to the equation above. A 3.40 g sample of H2S(g) is introduced into an evacuated rigid 1.25 L container. The sealed container is heated to 483 K, and 3.72×10–2 mol of S2(g) is present at equilibrium. (a) Write the expr ...
... 2 H2S(g) 2 H2(g) + S2(g) When heated, hydrogen sulfide gas decomposes according to the equation above. A 3.40 g sample of H2S(g) is introduced into an evacuated rigid 1.25 L container. The sealed container is heated to 483 K, and 3.72×10–2 mol of S2(g) is present at equilibrium. (a) Write the expr ...
Unit 5 - Chemical Reactions - Student
... A chemical reaction is the process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. The original substances are called REACTANTS and the resulting substances are called PRODUCTS. According to the Law of CONSERVATION OF MASS, the total mass of the reactants are equal ...
... A chemical reaction is the process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. The original substances are called REACTANTS and the resulting substances are called PRODUCTS. According to the Law of CONSERVATION OF MASS, the total mass of the reactants are equal ...
A comparison of carbon tetrachloride decomposition
... the two types of reactors are strongly related to the construction of the reactors. Barrier discharge reactor in the general case can be considered a cylindrical capacitor, whose capacity can be calculated by the equation: ...
... the two types of reactors are strongly related to the construction of the reactors. Barrier discharge reactor in the general case can be considered a cylindrical capacitor, whose capacity can be calculated by the equation: ...
Experimental skills and abilities
... used, the separation may be greater or less depending on how the dyes dissolve in the new solvent. 2 The substances to be separated do not have to be coloured. For example, amino acids obtained by hydrolysis of proteins are colourless. Colourless substances can be made visible by spraying the chrom ...
... used, the separation may be greater or less depending on how the dyes dissolve in the new solvent. 2 The substances to be separated do not have to be coloured. For example, amino acids obtained by hydrolysis of proteins are colourless. Colourless substances can be made visible by spraying the chrom ...
EQUILIBRIUM - SCH4U1-CCVI
... (a) Line up five clean test tubes all of the same diameter, and label them. Add 5.0 mL of 0.002 mol/L potassium thiocyanate solution to each of these five test tubes. To test tube (1) add 5.0 mL of 0.2 mol/L iron (III) nitrate solution. This tube will be used as the standard. (b) Measure 10.0 mL of ...
... (a) Line up five clean test tubes all of the same diameter, and label them. Add 5.0 mL of 0.002 mol/L potassium thiocyanate solution to each of these five test tubes. To test tube (1) add 5.0 mL of 0.2 mol/L iron (III) nitrate solution. This tube will be used as the standard. (b) Measure 10.0 mL of ...
The First Steps of Chemical Evolution towards the
... sounds plausible that, before the GCambrian explosionF, life was based on a mainly protein-governed world, whereas later on RNA and DNA, which could remain stable within the protected cells of this Gprotein worldF even in an otherwise hostile environment of a salty ocean, could have gradually been u ...
... sounds plausible that, before the GCambrian explosionF, life was based on a mainly protein-governed world, whereas later on RNA and DNA, which could remain stable within the protected cells of this Gprotein worldF even in an otherwise hostile environment of a salty ocean, could have gradually been u ...
Multiple Pathways To Success Quarter 3 Learning Module
... b. Do the compounds combine metals with metals, metals with nonmetals, or nonmetals with nonmetals? ...
... b. Do the compounds combine metals with metals, metals with nonmetals, or nonmetals with nonmetals? ...
Chemical Reactions of Copper and Percent Recovery
... is very CAUSTIC – Avoid Contact!! Use gloves!!) in the beaker. The copper metal will be oxidized to copper ions (~5 minutes). The noxious gas, NO2, is produced in this reaction so the beaker must be kept inside the hood. 7. Record your observations [Data Sheet Q2]. Note the state (s, l, g, aq) of ea ...
... is very CAUSTIC – Avoid Contact!! Use gloves!!) in the beaker. The copper metal will be oxidized to copper ions (~5 minutes). The noxious gas, NO2, is produced in this reaction so the beaker must be kept inside the hood. 7. Record your observations [Data Sheet Q2]. Note the state (s, l, g, aq) of ea ...
GCE Getting Started - Edexcel
... Understand the formation of ions in terms of electron loss or gain. Be able to draw electronic configuration diagrams of cations and anions using dot-and-cross diagrams. Understand reasons for the trends in ionic radii down a group and for a set of isoelectronic ions. Understand that the physical pr ...
... Understand the formation of ions in terms of electron loss or gain. Be able to draw electronic configuration diagrams of cations and anions using dot-and-cross diagrams. Understand reasons for the trends in ionic radii down a group and for a set of isoelectronic ions. Understand that the physical pr ...
Deans Community High School Intermediate 2 Revision Notes www
... and as a result, they are more likely to be successful collisions that cause a chemical reaction. Catalysts Catalysts are used to speed up a chemical reaction. They are not used up in the reaction and can be recovered chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. Many catalysts are elements (or c ...
... and as a result, they are more likely to be successful collisions that cause a chemical reaction. Catalysts Catalysts are used to speed up a chemical reaction. They are not used up in the reaction and can be recovered chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. Many catalysts are elements (or c ...
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM (Part II)II)
... The chemical equilibria can be affected by several factors Affecting the chemical equilibrium of a factors. Affecting the chemical equilibrium of a chemical reaction may result with an increase or decrease of the amount of its products. Le Châtelier's principle can be used to predict the eff ...
... The chemical equilibria can be affected by several factors Affecting the chemical equilibrium of a factors. Affecting the chemical equilibrium of a chemical reaction may result with an increase or decrease of the amount of its products. Le Châtelier's principle can be used to predict the eff ...
AP Chemistry 2015-2016 Name: Chapter 5: Thermodynamics Date
... relate physical work (w=F·d) and chemical work (w=-P·V). calculate PV work done by an expanding gas. state that no work is done in a constant volume situation such as a bomb calorimeter. Calculating H -- Hess’s Law state the definition of a state function. list examples of properties tha ...
... relate physical work (w=F·d) and chemical work (w=-P·V). calculate PV work done by an expanding gas. state that no work is done in a constant volume situation such as a bomb calorimeter. Calculating H -- Hess’s Law state the definition of a state function. list examples of properties tha ...
2015 International Practice Exam: Chemistry
... May I have everyone’s attention? Place your Student Pack on your desk. . . . You may now remove the shrinkwrap from the Section II packet, but do not open the exam booklet until you are told to do so. . . . Read the bulleted statements on the front cover of the exam booklet. Look up when you have fi ...
... May I have everyone’s attention? Place your Student Pack on your desk. . . . You may now remove the shrinkwrap from the Section II packet, but do not open the exam booklet until you are told to do so. . . . Read the bulleted statements on the front cover of the exam booklet. Look up when you have fi ...
Chapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium
... with constant concentrations of nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia. However, if we start with just ammonia and no nitrogen or hydrogen, the reaction will proceed and N2 and H2 will be produced until equilibrium is achieved. No matter what the starting composition of reactants and products is, the equil ...
... with constant concentrations of nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia. However, if we start with just ammonia and no nitrogen or hydrogen, the reaction will proceed and N2 and H2 will be produced until equilibrium is achieved. No matter what the starting composition of reactants and products is, the equil ...
exercise on Chapter 13 - Louisiana Tech University
... reactants cause the equilibrium to shift (right) to produce more products. 3) Removing reactants cause the equilibrium to shift (left) to produce more reactants. 4) Removing products cause the equilibrium to shift (right) to produce more products. 5) Increasing temperature of exothermic (Hrxn = neg ...
... reactants cause the equilibrium to shift (right) to produce more products. 3) Removing reactants cause the equilibrium to shift (left) to produce more reactants. 4) Removing products cause the equilibrium to shift (right) to produce more products. 5) Increasing temperature of exothermic (Hrxn = neg ...
Chapter 4 2013
... 1. Know ionic nomenclature so you can write the correct ionic formula of reactants and products. 2. Write the molecular equation by writing the chemical formula for reactants and products. 3. Break the compounds into their ions and write the ionic equation for the reaction. 3. Refer to the table of ...
... 1. Know ionic nomenclature so you can write the correct ionic formula of reactants and products. 2. Write the molecular equation by writing the chemical formula for reactants and products. 3. Break the compounds into their ions and write the ionic equation for the reaction. 3. Refer to the table of ...
computational chemistry
... included at the end of each chapter primarily lists textbooks and review articles. These are some of the best sources from which to begin a serious search of the literature. It is always advisable to run several tests to determine which techniques work best for a given project. The section on applic ...
... included at the end of each chapter primarily lists textbooks and review articles. These are some of the best sources from which to begin a serious search of the literature. It is always advisable to run several tests to determine which techniques work best for a given project. The section on applic ...
Stoichiometry
... get (called theoretical yield) or how much of another reactant we need to completely react with it (no leftover ingredients!) ...
... get (called theoretical yield) or how much of another reactant we need to completely react with it (no leftover ingredients!) ...
PPT - Gmu - George Mason University
... The Laws of Thermodynamics define fundamental physical quantities (temperature, energy, and entropy that characterize thermodynamic systems. The laws describe how these quantities behave under various circumstances, and forbid certain phenomena (such as perpetual motion) ...
... The Laws of Thermodynamics define fundamental physical quantities (temperature, energy, and entropy that characterize thermodynamic systems. The laws describe how these quantities behave under various circumstances, and forbid certain phenomena (such as perpetual motion) ...
Bioorthogonal chemistry
The term bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reaction that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes. The term was coined by Carolyn R. Bertozzi in 2003. Since its introduction, the concept of the bioorthogonal reaction has enabled the study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids in real time in living systems without cellular toxicity. A number of chemical ligation strategies have been developed that fulfill the requirements of bioorthogonality, including the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and cyclooctynes (also termed copper-free click chemistry), between nitrones and cyclooctynes, oxime/hydrazone formation from aldehydes and ketones, the tetrazine ligation, the isocyanide-based click reaction, and most recently, the quadricyclane ligation.The use of bioorthogonal chemistry typically proceeds in two steps. First, a cellular substrate is modified with a bioorthogonal functional group (chemical reporter) and introduced to the cell; substrates include metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, etc. The chemical reporter must not alter the structure of the substrate dramatically to avoid affecting its bioactivity. Secondly, a probe containing the complementary functional group is introduced to react and label the substrate.Although effective bioorthogonal reactions such as copper-free click chemistry have been developed, development of new reactions continues to generate orthogonal methods for labeling to allow multiple methods of labeling to be used in the same biosystems.