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Managing change in the uplands
Managing change in the uplands

... animal will have less time to spend selectively foraging for food, per unit of nutrition consumed, than a smaller animal. As a result, cattle are generally less selective in their feeding than sheep and will tend to focus their grazing on taller,less digestible patches of vegetation in order to maxi ...
042-14.4.04.01.20.20/03-2012 30.09.2009 ж. №2 басылым орнына
042-14.4.04.01.20.20/03-2012 30.09.2009 ж. №2 басылым орнына

... environment. Environment is everything that surrounds a person: air, flora, fauna, water, soil. A man is a part of environment. So he depends on it. Pollution is any detrimental change in an ecosystem. Most kinds of pollution are the results of human activities. When human populations are large, and ...
Lessons for ecology, conservation and society from the Serengeti
Lessons for ecology, conservation and society from the Serengeti

... not drought ...
Interactions of Northwest Forest Canopies and Arboreal Mammals  Abstract Washington 98512-9190
Interactions of Northwest Forest Canopies and Arboreal Mammals Abstract Washington 98512-9190

... red tree vole prefers the lower third of the crowns of the largest trees in old-growth forests (Gillesberg and Carey 1991). At the other end of the scale is the forest deer mouse, the most arboreal of the forest-floor mammals, which travels and forages in understory trees and shrubs and whose abunda ...
Designing and Implementing a Habitat Management Strategy to
Designing and Implementing a Habitat Management Strategy to

... that include fungi, bacteria, viruses, protozoa and nematodes – fatally sicken pests or keep them from feeding or reproducing. Plants also form complex associations with organisms around their roots, which offer protection against disease. Soil fungi and ground beetles can destroy the seeds of weeds ...
The Avoidable Adverse Affects of Modern Urban Development on
The Avoidable Adverse Affects of Modern Urban Development on

... understand how they work. A once common view of the tree was that the roots were a mirror image of the crown, growing deep into the earth. We now know the reality to be somewhat different. A tree and its roots (depending on the species) tend to take the form similar to that of a wine glass. The root ...
Forests, Trees and Landscapes for Food Security and Nutrition
Forests, Trees and Landscapes for Food Security and Nutrition

... leads to market pressures for exploitation. This can result in forest destruction unless managed through appropriate governance systems and institutions. There is growing recognition that forests and tree-based systems complement farmland agriculture in providing food security and nutrition. However ...
Unit 2 Ecology - Jamestown Public Schools
Unit 2 Ecology - Jamestown Public Schools

... Fossil fuels formed millions of years ago from deeply buried organic materials When they are depleted, they are gone forever ...
Plants are living things made up of cells. They need food and water
Plants are living things made up of cells. They need food and water

... Venus flytraps are an endangered species. They are mostly grown in greenhouses. They have leaves that open wide and stiff trigger hairs on their insides. If an insect touches these hairs, the two lobes of the leaf close in together in less than a second trapping its prey. The Venus fly trap is very ...
- CAPABLE CSOs WORKING FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE
- CAPABLE CSOs WORKING FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE

... in the country in the sense that investing on the poor environments results into poor production hence poverty visious as well as global warmimng. ...
Curtain Square Draft Site Management Plan
Curtain Square Draft Site Management Plan

... There are a number of factors affecting the health and vigour of the trees in Curtain Square including drought, compaction, senescence, disease, and grazing by Common Brushtail Possums. Management of these factors is vital if tree health and longevity is to be increased. The recent drought has taken ...
Tracking carbon within the trees
Tracking carbon within the trees

... Tracking carbon within the trees Trees are major players in the cycling of carbon (C) between the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere, representing c. 90% of the world’s biomass C and half of global primary productivity (K€orner, 2003; Beer et al., 2010). Trees take up C through leaf pores (i.e. st ...
- Research
- Research

... in developing practical steps towards the sustainable development of an area vital for our water resources to the north of Auroville. It’s a huge task that will take many years to complete, but it is one which can be achieved in small manageable steps. One of these is promoting environmental educati ...
Cats and Dogs a win win partnership
Cats and Dogs a win win partnership

... CATS AND DOGS: A WIN-WIN PARTNERSHIP FOR CONSERVATION IN SOUTH AFRICA. Start It’s an age old story: humans and predators just do not merge well in areas where livestock farming is done, either on a commercial or subsistence basis. Farmers are constantly up in arms about the no-good predators which a ...
View Text - Farmland Information Center
View Text - Farmland Information Center

... Over the last several years, natural resource researchers and managers are using new computer modeling tools to understand the role that protecting tree canopy plays in protecting water quality. What they have found is that trees and the canopy that their leaves create are important to protecting wa ...
rich northern hardwood forests
rich northern hardwood forests

... species, and unique or fragile areas designated by the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department’s Nongame and Natural Heritage Program. Establish protection zones and areas of minimal tree removal to protect these important ecological features. Strict adherence to Vermont AMPs and careful design, ...
Can agroforestry reduce risk in subsistence agriculture
Can agroforestry reduce risk in subsistence agriculture

... From van Noordwijk, M. and C. K. Ong (1999). “Can the ecosystem mimic hypotheses be applied to farms in African savannahs?” Agroforestry Systems 45(1-3): 131-158. 48 of 38 ...
High Pine Grasslands
High Pine Grasslands

...  Keystone species = a species that many other species depend on, so that its loss means loss of the other species too. ...
Foraging Strategies
Foraging Strategies

... Multi-species grazing is when more than one kind of livestock (i.e. sheep, goats, cattle, or horses) graze a unit of land. The grazing can occur at the same time or at different times and still be considered multispecies grazing. Multi-species grazing is the norm for naturally regulated ecosystems g ...
Goat Browsing and Multi-Species Land Use presentation
Goat Browsing and Multi-Species Land Use presentation

... Poisonous Plants – Yellow Star Thistle • Toxic to horses in large amounts - "chewing disease." • Inability to eat or drink, muscles of the lips, face, and tongue become stiff and swollen. Permanent brain damage, eventually die of thirst and starvation. • Sheep, cows and other livestock are not affe ...
Sustainability at Number 9 Dairy
Sustainability at Number 9 Dairy

... Soils are the basis of successful production on any farm that relies on the growth of pastures and/or crops. Managing them sustainably is crucial to maintaining high levels of production into the future. The practices adopted at Number 9 dairy that contribute towards sustainability include: 1. Using ...
Forests and Grasslands as Cradles for Agriculture
Forests and Grasslands as Cradles for Agriculture

... Mere grazing per se is also composed of sub-factors such as the consumption of biomass, the possible effect of animal saliva on plant metabolism and growth, trampling (soil compaction, creation of vegetation free-patches, the effects on albedo and soil temperature, and so on), the deposition of dung ...
The Importance of Paddock Trees in the Landscape
The Importance of Paddock Trees in the Landscape

... the hosts of environmental and productive functions within our landscape, their protection is urgently required. Better management of these Australian icons can simply mean fencing from stock and allowing natural regeneration. A new generation of paddock trees will not only continue to play an impor ...
Forest Site Preparation
Forest Site Preparation

... – Pine litter more flammable than hardwood litter • Size of vegetation to be killed {poor top kill if >3" diameter} • Number of sproutable rootstocks (maximum kill for one burn usually around 20%, less for a winter burn) • Timing of burn – most kill in growing season (optimum just after leaf out), l ...
Microsoft PowerPoint format - The Macaulay Land Use Research
Microsoft PowerPoint format - The Macaulay Land Use Research

... not drought ...
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Farmer-managed natural regeneration

Farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) is a low-cost, sustainable land-restoration technique used to combat poverty and hunger amongst poor subsistence farmers in developing countries by increasing food and timber production, and resilience to climate extremes. It involves the systematic regeneration and management of trees and shrubs from tree stumps, roots and seeds.FMNR is especially applicable, but not restricted to, the dryland tropics. As well as returning degraded croplands and grazing lands to productivity, it can be used to restore degraded forests, thereby reversing biodiversity loss and reducing vulnerability to climate change. FMNR can also play an important role in maintaining not-yet-degraded landscapes in a productive state, especially when combined with other sustainable land management practices such as conservation agriculture on cropland and holistic management on rangelands.FMNR adapts centuries-old methods of woodland management, called coppicing and pollarding, to produce continuous tree-growth for fuel, building materials, food and fodder without the need for frequent and costly replanting. On farmland, selected trees are trimmed and pruned to maximise growth while promoting optimal growing conditions for annual crops (such as access to water and sunlight). When FMNR trees are integrated into crops and grazing pastures there is an increase in crop yields, soil fertility and organic matter, soil moisture and leaf fodder. There is also a decrease in wind and heat damage, and soil erosion.In the Sahel region of Africa, FMNR has become a potent tool in increasing food security, resilience and climate change adaptation in poor, subsistence farming communities where much of sub-Saharan Africa’s poverty exists. FMNR is also being promoted in East Timor, Indonesia and Myanmar.FMNR complements the evergreen agriculture, conservation agriculture and agroforestry movements. It is considered a good entry point for resource-poor and risk-averse farmers to adopt a low-cost and low-risk technique. This in turn has acted as a stepping stone to greater agricultural intensification as farmers become more receptive to new ideas.
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