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Unit 8 - BioDiversity - Mauritius Institute of Education
Unit 8 - BioDiversity - Mauritius Institute of Education

... systems and processes. We get our food, many medicines and industrial products from biological systems. ...
Influences of Trees on Abundance of Natural Enemies of Insect
Influences of Trees on Abundance of Natural Enemies of Insect

... In Africa, abundance of Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a predator of an hemipteran pest of cocoa and a coreid pest of coconuts, can be increased by interplanting cocoa with coconut palms and olive trees [Way, 1954]. In China, the intercropping of rice with cypress trees substantiall ...
7 - ICFCST
7 - ICFCST

... considered as appearing an Order from Chaos. Numberless factors take part in this process. The factors operate as limitations, which determine some ways among unlimited possibilities. The totality of these factors is defined as natural selection, and it is possible to be classified by a number of ty ...
Designing Species-Rich, Pest-Suppressive Agroecosystems
Designing Species-Rich, Pest-Suppressive Agroecosystems

... maize (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Altieri, 1999). This process represents an extreme form of simplification of nature’s biodiversity. Monocultures, in addition to being genetically uniform and species-poor systems, advance at the expense of na ...
RPO Code of Best Practice for Sustainable Development and
RPO Code of Best Practice for Sustainable Development and

... Where the potential of vegetation resources are limited and/or overgrazed the fodder supply should be supported by cultivated species. Drought tolerant crops should be established in areas susceptible to seasonal, annual and longer term droughts. In cash crop areas crop residues provide a valuable s ...
Desertification and livestock grazing: The roles of sedentarization
Desertification and livestock grazing: The roles of sedentarization

... areas are typically dominated by grasses, forbs, and shrubs and are managed without cultivation, irrigation, herbicides, pesticides, or fertilizers. Indeed, the primary management tools for pastoral production in these rangeland regions are livestock and fire (Savory 1999; Bassett and Crumney 2003). ...
Document
Document

... harms only one organism. G Parasitism benefits only one organism, while mutualism benefits both organisms. H Parasitism involves only two organisms, while mutualism involves many organisms. J Parasitism continues for many generations, while mutualism is limited to one generation. ...
AGR 3102
AGR 3102

... Weeds in landscape areas compete for growth and affect the aesthetic value of beauty and scenery. In recreational areas such as sports field, parks and gardens, weeds can also cause discomfort and interfere with recreational activities. Weed management in landscape is often made difficult by the com ...
Regeneration of Oak and Northern Hardwood Forests
Regeneration of Oak and Northern Hardwood Forests

... • The study of treatments to secure oak regeneration revealed that despite deer browsing, black and white oak regeneration was occurring in many areas of high light intensity due to natural gaps and small clearcuts. • Thinning was too light to be effective, and a single burn not only failed to promo ...
The Value of Coarse Woody Debris to Vertebrates in the Pacific
The Value of Coarse Woody Debris to Vertebrates in the Pacific

... denning, and resting. The cavities created by woodpeckers are readily used by red squirrels, flying squirrels, bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea), and some bats. Larger cavities in decayed heartwood are used by American martens (Martes americana), fishers (Martes pennanti), bobcats (Lynx rufus) ...
Testing aggregation hypotheses among Neotropical trees and
Testing aggregation hypotheses among Neotropical trees and

... to produce regularity (Wright 1982, Picard et al. 2009). Taken together these results show that small scales are critical to non-random spatial patterns (He et. al. 1996), suggesting that small-scale phenomena such as dispersal and gap recruitment determine spatial patterns more than adaptation to l ...
Regeneration ecology, conservation status and recovery planning
Regeneration ecology, conservation status and recovery planning

... (see Figure 4 on page 33) and flooding and deposition of raw mineral soil, leading to frequent vegetation turnover. Regeneration opportunities were restricted to canopy gaps in tall forest in prehuman times. Other site factors favouring the species are high insolation in summer and soil parent mater ...


... 7. Biodiversity and Agricultural Practices Swift and Anderson (1993) have classified agricultural systems on the basis of their biological diversity and complexity. The current dominance on incentive cereal production has led to a significant reduction in the number of species and of production syst ...
Community Perspectives on the On-Farm Diversity of Six Major
Community Perspectives on the On-Farm Diversity of Six Major

... winter and summer monsoon precipitation. Given this backdrop, the Bhutanese agriculture sector and the farming communities are likely to be most vulnerable. Bhutan’s strategic location as a landlocked country, poor accessibility with mostly rugged mountainous terrain in the high Himalayas and, its r ...
Young Naturalist Award 2001 Introduction Ever since I was a toddler
Young Naturalist Award 2001 Introduction Ever since I was a toddler

... hanging bird feeders in the winter and hummingbird feeders in the summer has also made a positive impact on our ecosystem because the birds we attract spread native species of seeds from trees and other plants around the woodlot. This adds diversity and attracts even more wildlife. ...
Grass Growth and Response to Grazing no. 6.108 Quick Facts
Grass Growth and Response to Grazing no. 6.108 Quick Facts

... affected by heavy defoliation, which makes the plant less competitive and more vulnerable to drought, because roots may not penetrate to depths where adequate moisture exists. Livestock grazing during the growing season can affect regrowth of grasses. When moisture no longer is available and tempera ...
Pii - SLU
Pii - SLU

... curiosity or the interest of specialists, but those which have been introduced in substantial numbers, or which have spread naturally in their new environments, have generated much public reaction, leaving hardly anyone untouched (Richardson and Rundel, 1998). Public attitudes towards exotic tree sp ...
Biodiversity - Convention on Biological Diversity
Biodiversity - Convention on Biological Diversity

... Erosion control and Sediment retention: prevent loss of soil by wind, rain impact, runoff; storage of silt in ecosystem, in lakes and wetlands. ...
Document
Document

... harms only one organism. G Parasitism benefits only one organism, while mutualism benefits both organisms. H Parasitism involves only two organisms, while mutualism involves many organisms. J Parasitism continues for many generations, while mutualism is limited to one generation. ...
Trees and Woody Plants - National Wildlife Federation
Trees and Woody Plants - National Wildlife Federation

... Flying squirrels are nocturnal and rarely seen. They prefer mature trees with cavities for nesting and shelter. Photo: Jean Scaraglino ...
Chapter4 - Threats to biological diversity III
Chapter4 - Threats to biological diversity III

...  Trees were blight free due to isolation until a canker was found in 1986  Now over 1600 cankers are present on 530 trees.  Virus was introduced in 1992 – not successful ...
Chapter 6: Biomes Section 1, What is a Biome? What is a Biome
Chapter 6: Biomes Section 1, What is a Biome? What is a Biome

... Plants in the deciduous forests grow in _______________________________ with tall trees, such as ___________________________, dominating the __________________ while shrubs cover the _________________________________. ...
BCB341_Chapter4a_threats_to_biodiversity_exotic_species
BCB341_Chapter4a_threats_to_biodiversity_exotic_species

...  Trees were blight free due to isolation until a canker was found in 1986  Now over 1600 cankers are present on 530 trees.  Virus was introduced in 1992 – not successful ...
Vertebrates are one of the most conspicuous organisms that cause
Vertebrates are one of the most conspicuous organisms that cause

... mammals. Also the damages caused by voles during the peak of their population densities might be higher than those caused by herd of wisents (Bison bonasus). Small mammals cause the greatest damages to the forest stands in the time when they go through the peak in population densities. They are the ...
Forest Farmers: A Case Study of Traditional Shifting Cultivation in
Forest Farmers: A Case Study of Traditional Shifting Cultivation in

... length of time before the Tawahka return an upland field to cultivation is often less than this. The average age for manioc fallow, for example, is only four years and some fallows are even younger when they are planted again. The explanation for this reduction in fallow period lies partly in the ab ...
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Farmer-managed natural regeneration

Farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) is a low-cost, sustainable land-restoration technique used to combat poverty and hunger amongst poor subsistence farmers in developing countries by increasing food and timber production, and resilience to climate extremes. It involves the systematic regeneration and management of trees and shrubs from tree stumps, roots and seeds.FMNR is especially applicable, but not restricted to, the dryland tropics. As well as returning degraded croplands and grazing lands to productivity, it can be used to restore degraded forests, thereby reversing biodiversity loss and reducing vulnerability to climate change. FMNR can also play an important role in maintaining not-yet-degraded landscapes in a productive state, especially when combined with other sustainable land management practices such as conservation agriculture on cropland and holistic management on rangelands.FMNR adapts centuries-old methods of woodland management, called coppicing and pollarding, to produce continuous tree-growth for fuel, building materials, food and fodder without the need for frequent and costly replanting. On farmland, selected trees are trimmed and pruned to maximise growth while promoting optimal growing conditions for annual crops (such as access to water and sunlight). When FMNR trees are integrated into crops and grazing pastures there is an increase in crop yields, soil fertility and organic matter, soil moisture and leaf fodder. There is also a decrease in wind and heat damage, and soil erosion.In the Sahel region of Africa, FMNR has become a potent tool in increasing food security, resilience and climate change adaptation in poor, subsistence farming communities where much of sub-Saharan Africa’s poverty exists. FMNR is also being promoted in East Timor, Indonesia and Myanmar.FMNR complements the evergreen agriculture, conservation agriculture and agroforestry movements. It is considered a good entry point for resource-poor and risk-averse farmers to adopt a low-cost and low-risk technique. This in turn has acted as a stepping stone to greater agricultural intensification as farmers become more receptive to new ideas.
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