Population genetics and microevolution
... The Hardy-Weinberg Law is a null hypothesis. It holds (as what is called the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) when things don’t change, i.e. 1. In large populations there is no genetic drift. In small populations random events (mortality of a single individual) may materially affect gene frequency. This ...
... The Hardy-Weinberg Law is a null hypothesis. It holds (as what is called the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) when things don’t change, i.e. 1. In large populations there is no genetic drift. In small populations random events (mortality of a single individual) may materially affect gene frequency. This ...
Variations from Mendel`s original Crosses
... •Each _________ involved can also have ____________ alleles. •Examples in humans include ________, skin pigmentation, weight, cleft palate, neural tube defects, __________________, the Rhesus factor and, most ______________ characteristics. •As there are ____________ genes involved with polygenic in ...
... •Each _________ involved can also have ____________ alleles. •Examples in humans include ________, skin pigmentation, weight, cleft palate, neural tube defects, __________________, the Rhesus factor and, most ______________ characteristics. •As there are ____________ genes involved with polygenic in ...
Chapter 21~The Evolution of Populations
... Connecting the Concepts with the Big Ideas Evolution Natural selection acts on trait variation, and trait variation is determined by genes. Whether or not a trait gives an advantage depends on the environment. Thus genes, traits, environment, and natural selection are all involved in microevolut ...
... Connecting the Concepts with the Big Ideas Evolution Natural selection acts on trait variation, and trait variation is determined by genes. Whether or not a trait gives an advantage depends on the environment. Thus genes, traits, environment, and natural selection are all involved in microevolut ...
Mendelian Genetics
... more traits in the same plant is a dihybrid cross. Dihybrids are heterozygous for both traits. ...
... more traits in the same plant is a dihybrid cross. Dihybrids are heterozygous for both traits. ...
1. The diagram below shows a pair of chromosomes during meiosis
... Describe how human skin colour is determined genetically. ...
... Describe how human skin colour is determined genetically. ...
dragon genetics lab - Holy Trinity Academy
... 1. Choose a partner carefully. You and your spouse will share the grade for this lab. Your instructor does not care which partner worked the hardest. This is a no divorce classroom. The lab must be completed on time. 2. Each partner must pick up five Popsicle sticks -- one of each color of autosome, ...
... 1. Choose a partner carefully. You and your spouse will share the grade for this lab. Your instructor does not care which partner worked the hardest. This is a no divorce classroom. The lab must be completed on time. 2. Each partner must pick up five Popsicle sticks -- one of each color of autosome, ...
Supplementary File S1.
... We first fit the PRF to HapMap data in the European-American population. The maximum-likelihood estimate of the selection coefficient ( ) is +2.99 for synonymous sites, +3.54 for F_H sites, and +3.80 for F_HR sites. The probability that a SNP is ascertained is also dependent on its allele frequenc ...
... We first fit the PRF to HapMap data in the European-American population. The maximum-likelihood estimate of the selection coefficient ( ) is +2.99 for synonymous sites, +3.54 for F_H sites, and +3.80 for F_HR sites. The probability that a SNP is ascertained is also dependent on its allele frequenc ...
Mendel and Punnett squares notes
... • Gene - the unit of heredity; a section of DNA sequence encoding a single protein • Alleles - two genes that occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes and cover the same trait • Locus - a fixed location on a strand of DNA where a gene or one of its alleles is located ...
... • Gene - the unit of heredity; a section of DNA sequence encoding a single protein • Alleles - two genes that occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes and cover the same trait • Locus - a fixed location on a strand of DNA where a gene or one of its alleles is located ...
Punnet Square Lab
... The normal female condition is a result of the chromosomal pairing XX, while the normal male condition is XY. Certain genes located on the X chromosome, not associated with female sex characteristics, cause sex-linked recessive traits. As a result, females must receive two recessive alleles to exhib ...
... The normal female condition is a result of the chromosomal pairing XX, while the normal male condition is XY. Certain genes located on the X chromosome, not associated with female sex characteristics, cause sex-linked recessive traits. As a result, females must receive two recessive alleles to exhib ...
Slides
... • unless acted upon by agents other than Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles ...
... • unless acted upon by agents other than Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles ...
Evolution Problem Drill – 02: Genetic Variation and the Hardy
... have learned about the Hardy-Weinberg principle. If 6 out of 100,000 individuals express the albinism phenotype, this means that q2 is equal to 6/100,000, or 0.00006. In order to determine the number of individuals who carry the albinism allele, but do not express the phenotype, you must first calcu ...
... have learned about the Hardy-Weinberg principle. If 6 out of 100,000 individuals express the albinism phenotype, this means that q2 is equal to 6/100,000, or 0.00006. In order to determine the number of individuals who carry the albinism allele, but do not express the phenotype, you must first calcu ...
Microevolution - Fulton County Schools
... certain alleles (traits) in a population – Favorable alleles stay in population (selected for) – Unfavorable alleles are eliminated (selected against) ...
... certain alleles (traits) in a population – Favorable alleles stay in population (selected for) – Unfavorable alleles are eliminated (selected against) ...
Evolution
... chance that some individuals will survive. Genetic variation leads to phenotype variation (different coat ...
... chance that some individuals will survive. Genetic variation leads to phenotype variation (different coat ...
Pre-AP Unit 4 Homework
... 3. In humans normal pigmentation is due to a dominant gene (A), albinism to its recessive allele (a). A normal man marries an albino woman. Their first child is an albino. What are the genotypes of these three persons? If there are more children, what would they probably be like? 4. In humans brown ...
... 3. In humans normal pigmentation is due to a dominant gene (A), albinism to its recessive allele (a). A normal man marries an albino woman. Their first child is an albino. What are the genotypes of these three persons? If there are more children, what would they probably be like? 4. In humans brown ...
The Inheritance of DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes
... one set of genes, from each parent is due to a process called segregation. When sex cells (sperm and egg) are formed, chromosome pairs segregate so that each sex cell receives just one of each kind of chromosome. This makes it possible for the offspring to receive one set of chromosomes from each pa ...
... one set of genes, from each parent is due to a process called segregation. When sex cells (sperm and egg) are formed, chromosome pairs segregate so that each sex cell receives just one of each kind of chromosome. This makes it possible for the offspring to receive one set of chromosomes from each pa ...
Recessive Inheritance
... X-Linked Inheritance Some diseases affect men more than women. Colour blindness is a common example. Females have two X chromosomes, so the normal allele on one X chromosome can compensate for the mutated one on the other. Therefore, women can be unaffected carriers The basics first: human females ...
... X-Linked Inheritance Some diseases affect men more than women. Colour blindness is a common example. Females have two X chromosomes, so the normal allele on one X chromosome can compensate for the mutated one on the other. Therefore, women can be unaffected carriers The basics first: human females ...
Dominant-negative diabetes insipidus and other endocrinopathies
... Richter, D. 1984. The mutant vasopressin gene from diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro) rats is transcribed but the message is not efficiently translated. EMBO J. 3:3289–3293. 2. Brownstein, M.J., Russell, J.T., and Gainer, H. 1980. Synthesis, transport, and release of posterior pituitary hormones. Scie ...
... Richter, D. 1984. The mutant vasopressin gene from diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro) rats is transcribed but the message is not efficiently translated. EMBO J. 3:3289–3293. 2. Brownstein, M.J., Russell, J.T., and Gainer, H. 1980. Synthesis, transport, and release of posterior pituitary hormones. Scie ...
Mendelian Genetics
... The demonstration of Linkage disequilibrium in a particular disease suggests that the mutation which has caused the disease occurred relatively recently and that the marker locus being studied is very closely linked to the disease locus. It is counter-intuitive, but linkage does not require link ...
... The demonstration of Linkage disequilibrium in a particular disease suggests that the mutation which has caused the disease occurred relatively recently and that the marker locus being studied is very closely linked to the disease locus. It is counter-intuitive, but linkage does not require link ...
Student Exploration: Hardy
... 6. Predict: Check that DD is still set to 30% and dd is still set to 70%. With p = 0.3 and q = 0.7, what are the predicted percentages of DD, Dd, and dd offspring? Predicted percentages: ...
... 6. Predict: Check that DD is still set to 30% and dd is still set to 70%. With p = 0.3 and q = 0.7, what are the predicted percentages of DD, Dd, and dd offspring? Predicted percentages: ...
Genetics Topic Packet for the BLUE SENIORS
... 4.1.4 Explain the consequence of a base substitution mutation in relation to the processes of transcription and translation, using the example of sickle-cell anemia. 4.3.1 Define genotype, phenotype, dominant allele, recessive allele, codominant alleles, locus, homozygous, heterozygous, carrier ...
... 4.1.4 Explain the consequence of a base substitution mutation in relation to the processes of transcription and translation, using the example of sickle-cell anemia. 4.3.1 Define genotype, phenotype, dominant allele, recessive allele, codominant alleles, locus, homozygous, heterozygous, carrier ...
Dominance (genetics)
Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus. The first allele is dominant and the second allele is recessive. For genes on an autosome (any chromosome other than a sex chromosome), the alleles and their associated traits are autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. Dominance is a key concept in Mendelian inheritance and classical genetics. Often the dominant allele codes for a functional protein whereas the recessive allele does not.A classic example of dominance is the inheritance of seed shape, for example a pea shape in peas. Peas may be round, associated with allele R or wrinkled, associated with allele r. In this case, three combinations of alleles (genotypes) are possible: RR, Rr, and rr. The RR individuals have round peas and the rr individuals have wrinkled peas. In Rr individuals the R allele masks the presence of the r allele, so these individuals also have round peas. Thus, allele R is dominant to allele r, and allele r is recessive to allele R. This use of upper case letters for dominant alleles and lower caseones for recessive alleles is a widely followed convention.More generally, where a gene exists in two allelic versions (designated A and a), three combinations of alleles are possible: AA, Aa, and aa. If AA and aa individuals (homozygotes) show different forms of some trait (phenotypes), and Aa individuals (heterozygotes) show the same phenotype as AA individuals, then allele A is said to dominate or be dominant to or show dominance to allele a, and a is said to be recessive to A.Dominance is not inherent to an allele. It is a relationship between alleles; one allele can be dominant over a second allele, recessive to a third allele, and codominant to a fourth. Also, an allele may be dominant for a particular aspect of phenotype but not for other aspects influenced by the same gene. Dominance differs from epistasis, a relationship in which an allele of one gene affects the expression of another allele at a different gene.