• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Living Things Inherit Traits in Patterns.
Living Things Inherit Traits in Patterns.

...  Punnett Squares and the ratios they show express probability.  Probability is the likelihood (or chance) of a specific outcome in relation to the total number of possible outcomes.  The ratios we get from a Punnett Square tell us the probability that any one offspring will get certain genes and ...
Print this article - Annals of Gastroenterology
Print this article - Annals of Gastroenterology

... initial hypothesis that MTP and ABL loci are in fact identical and must be described under one designation. This finding becomes more interesting as all patients in this family showed inheritance of HLA B18. Indeed, the analysis of the HLA pattern showed that the two patients with the most severe di ...
OCR GCSE (9-1) Gateway Science Biology A
OCR GCSE (9-1) Gateway Science Biology A

... with shoes This is an alternative method to allow students to visualise mitosis. It is easy to resource and is technically easy. This step-by-step guide is written for teachers who are not biologists. Mitosis is a process that produces two genetically identical copies of a cell. The two daughter cel ...
Exam 2 tutorial
Exam 2 tutorial

... 6. Differentiate silent mutation, missense mutation, nonsense mutation (gene? Chromosome?) *s* 7. Differentiate gene mutation and chromosomal mutation*s* 8. Give examples on missense mutation, nonsense mutation *s* 9. What is dissimilar between somatic mutation and germ-line mutation *s* 10. Explain ...
GENETICS TEST II - Daytona State College
GENETICS TEST II - Daytona State College

... • The mode of determination used by most birds and some moths/butterflies, fish, reptiles, and amphibians. • The presence of one Z chromsome and one W chromosome (ZW) results in female offspring. (heterogametic) • The presence of two X chromsomes (ZZ) in the zygote results in male offspring (homogam ...
Honors Biology - Genetics Study Guide
Honors Biology - Genetics Study Guide

... 1. Explain the difference between the following & provide an example of each: a. genotype & phenotype Genotype = genes (remember a gene is enough DNA to code for 1 protein) – represented by letters (Ex. TT, Tt, or tt) Phenotype = physical trait that is coded for by the genotype (Ex. Tall or short) b ...
Transcript
Transcript

... happen on the other arm of that pair of autosomes. Now we're going to turn over to the sex chromosomes, that's where the SRY gene is located on the Y. And it turns out the X and the Y can recombine only, they normally recombine only within their ends. Let's see how the swap occurs in detail. So w ...
1. Basic Genetic Concepts The Nature of Inheritance (Genetics)
1. Basic Genetic Concepts The Nature of Inheritance (Genetics)

... Inheritance of 2 Traits The results of a cross involving 2 genes can also be predicted using a Punnet square. First the possible gametes produced by each parent with regard to both genes must be ...
CHAPTER 15
CHAPTER 15

... Sturtevant used the testcross design to map the relative positions of three fruit fly genes: body color (b), wing size (vg), and eye color (cn). o Cinnabar (cn), one of many Drosophila genes affecting eye color, results in a bright red eye. o The recombination frequency between cn and b is 9%. o The ...
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

... Sturtevant used the testcross design to map the relative positions of three fruit fly genes: body color (b), wing size (vg), and eye color (cn). o Cinnabar (cn), one of many Drosophila genes affecting eye color, results in a bright red eye. o The recombination frequency between cn and b is 9%. o The ...
chapter 15 - Course Notes
chapter 15 - Course Notes

... The condensed Barr-body chromosome is reactivated in ovarian cells that produce ova. Mary Lyon, a British geneticist, demonstrated that selection of which X chromosome will form the Barr body occurs randomly and independently in embryonic cells at the time of X inactivation. As a consequence, female ...
Give an account of gene mutation under the following
Give an account of gene mutation under the following

... radiation like X-rays, gamma rays, UV light 5. Mutagenic agents cause or induce mutations/increase mutation rate/increase the chance of a mutation occurring/increase frequency of mutation ii) ...
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

... The condensed Barr-body chromosome is reactivated in ovarian cells that produce ova. Mary Lyon, a British geneticist, demonstrated that selection of which X chromosome will form the Barr body occurs randomly and independently in embryonic cells at the time of X inactivation. As a consequence, female ...
Heredity:
Heredity:

... combine, the resulting cell has 46 chromosomes. This is fertilization. Suppose that the ability to taste a bitter chemical is controlled by a gene with two alleles, T and t. People with at least one T allele can taste this chemical. If, upon fertilization, an egg contributes a chromosome carrying th ...
A MOUSE`S TAIL… Introduction: When you start to determine the
A MOUSE`S TAIL… Introduction: When you start to determine the

... 7. Let’s say a female carrier for the hamster illness, Speedy, wants to mate with a hamsterobsessed character named Fievel. How many of their offspring have the disease or carry it? ...
Meiosis and Punnett Squares
Meiosis and Punnett Squares

... combine, the resulting cell has 46 chromosomes. This is fertilization. Suppose that the ability to taste a bitter chemical is controlled by a gene with two alleles, T and t. People with at least one T allele can taste this chemical. If, upon fertilization, an egg contributes a chromosome carrying th ...
Pedigrees and Karyotypes
Pedigrees and Karyotypes

... The karyotype is a result of a haploid sperm (23 chromosomes) fertilizing a ...
Standard B-5 - Wando High School
Standard B-5 - Wando High School

...  Mendel’s principles of genetics did not explain that many traits are controlled by more than one gene. Sex-Linked Traits  Sex-linked traits are the result of genes that are carried on either the X or the Y chromosome.  This is an exception to the Mendel’s principle of independent assortment, whi ...
Chromosomes and Phenotype
Chromosomes and Phenotype

... Chromosomes and Phenotype Autosomes • Autosomes are: – All chromosomes other than – Mendel studied autosomal sex chromosomes gene traits like hair texture – Do not directly determine an – Two (2) copies of each organism’s sex autosomal gene affect phenotype ...
dragon reading
dragon reading

... Mendel's experiment published in 1866 demonstrated that alleles for different traits behave according to independent assortment. In this experiment, Mendel considered two characteristics of pea plants, seed color (yellow Y or green y) and seed shape (round R or wrinkled r). In the P generation, he c ...
Basic Genetics Concepts
Basic Genetics Concepts

... examines flies containing several different mutant genes. However, it is rare for any human to have 2 mutant genes that give clear visible phenotypes. • Rather than map genes relative to each other, genes are usually mapped relative to various genetic markers. Genetic markers are loci (sites at spec ...
Bacterial Genetics
Bacterial Genetics

... • Important point: the closer 2 genes are to each other, the higher the co-transduction frequency. • We are just trying to get the order of the genes here, not put actual distances on the map. • Expt: donor strain is aziR leu+ thr+. Phage P1 is grown on the donor strain, and then the resulting phage ...
Giant chromosomes
Giant chromosomes

... each corresponds to the loop of a sister chromatid. • The chromomere at the base of the loops consists of dense chromatin of the two sister chromatids • At the beginning of meiosis, when DNA replication is complete, the homologous pairs lie immediately next to each other and form characteristic stru ...
Meiosis Formation of Gametes (Eggs & Sperm)
Meiosis Formation of Gametes (Eggs & Sperm)

... Crossing-over multiplies the already huge number of different gamete types produced by independent assortment ...
Bio1A Unit 2-3 Genetics Notes File
Bio1A Unit 2-3 Genetics Notes File

... Probability that event “A” occurs (PA) is the number of ways A can occur (NA) divided by the total number of outcomes (NT). PA = NA / NT • PA can be from 0 (never happens) to 1 (always) • In a coin toss, Pheads (probability of getting heads) = number of ways to get heads (1) divided by total number ...
< 1 ... 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 ... 241 >

Skewed X-inactivation

Skewed X chromosome inactivation occurs when the inactivation of one X chromosome is favored over the other, leading to an uneven number of cells with each chromosome inactivated. It is usually defined as one allele being found on the active X chromosome in over 75% of cells, and extreme skewing is when over 90% of cells have inactivated the same X chromosome. It can be caused by primary nonrandom inactivation, either by chance due to a small cell pool or directed by genes, or caused by secondary nonrandom inactivation, which occurs by selection. Most females will have some levels of skewing. It is relatively common in adult females; around 35% of women have skewed ratio over 70:30, and 7% of women have an extreme skewed ratio of over 90:10. This is of medical significance due to the potential for the expression of disease genes present on the X chromosome that are normally not expressed due to random X inactivation. X chromosome inactivation occurs in females to provide dosage compensation between the sexes. If females kept both X chromosomes active they would have twice the number of active X genes than males, who only have one copy of the X chromosome. At approximately the time of implantation (see Implantation (human embryo), one of the two X chromosomes is randomly selected for inactivation. The cell undergoes transcriptional and epigenetic changes to ensure this inactivation is permanent. All progeny from these initial cells will maintain the inactivation of the same chromosome, resulting in a mosaic pattern of cells in females.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report