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20/1
20/1

... i. the overdrive voltage and current in all devices. For this step you may assume that =0. The simplest order may be Mb1 through Mb6, then M1 through M5. ii. Calculate the bias voltages on all nodes, assuming VI,CM=1V. Specifically: tail, G2, G3, G5, G6, S3B, S4AB, and out. iii. the gm and ro param ...
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ECE1250F14_HW2_1p3soln
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ETEE3211 Fall 2007

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... CURRENT is NOMINALLY DOUBLED (If V is constant), REF. OHM’S LAW V=IR CURRENT THROUGH THE LED is NOMINALLY DOUBLED…ITS LIGHT INTENSITY INCREASES. LIGHT INTENSITY FROM THE LED is PROPORTIONAL to CURRENT ...
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... In this experiment we will examine the step response of several RC and RLC circuits. We begin by finding the output waveform v(t) from RC circuits designed to operate as “analog computers”, where the derivative with respect to time (or the integral) of an input waveform vi(t) is taken continuously. ...
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... equation for the op amp output voltage for the Rain Activated Logic circuit. Although he has given you possible values of resistance and supply voltage (+6V), leave your answer as a function of the variables R1,R2,Rsensor,and Vcc, so you can use it later in the lab. Hint: The circuit you should solv ...
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... 22. Use the Ohm's law equation to provide numerical answers to the following questions: a. An electrical device with a resistance of 3.0 will allow a current of 4.0 amps to flow through it if a voltage drop of ________ Volts is impressed across the device. b. When a voltage of 120 V is impressed acr ...
Video Transcript - Rose
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... This gives i2 = 2 mA. We can solve for i1 using Equation (2). This gives i1 = 3 mA. We also know that i3 = ½ of i2 = 1 mA. Using Ohm’s law, solve for the resistance values. R1’s resistance is the voltage across it by the current through it. This gives R1 = 2 kΩ because V/mA = kΩ. R2’s value is 3 kΩ. ...
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COMBINED SERIES-PARALLEL CIRCUIT EXAMPLE

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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