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ENGS2613 Intro Electrical Science Week #9 Dr. George Scheets Read 6.1 & 6.2 Problems 5.36, 5.37, 5.39 , 5.40, 5.42, & 6.1 Quiz 5 on Friday, 21 October, OpAmps Op Amps: Output Load - vin(t) Av + Rload Ideally, load does not effect characteristics Ideal vout(t) OpAmp can source or sink any current Practically, load may effect characteristics If real OpAmp output can't source or sink enough current Good Opamp Circuit #1 α Io = α/R amps Vin = Fixed at α volts? This is an independent current source source: Horowitz & Hill, THE ART OF ELECTRONICS, 1990 Good Opamp Circuit #1 Vin Io = Vin/R amps Vin = Changeable? This is a voltage controlled dependent current source source: Horowitz & Hill, THE ART OF ELECTRONICS, 1990 Inductors Resists Change in Current source: coilwindingmachines.eu, hamradioschool.com, Transformers Inductively couple input signal to output Source: wikipedia, tradindia.com High Frequency Chokes Used in series with a current flow Suppress rapidly varying signals Inductors Can store energy in magnetic field Tries to resist changes in the current Short Circuit if DC input v = L di/dt (Units of L are Ω*second) t i(t) - i(0-) = 1 L ∫ v dt 0 Henry Joseph Henry 1797 – 1878 American Professor Albany Academy Discovered Principles of Induction ≈ Simultaneous with Faraday Faraday Published First 1 volt = (1 Henry)(1 Amp/sec) Source: Wikipedia Inductors Michael Faraday 1791 – 1867 English Physicist 1830 - 1831 Discovered Principles of Induction Units of Capacitance, Farad, Named After Faraday Source: Wikipedia Wireless Charging Works via Inductive Coupling v = L di/dt v = Voltage generated in Receiver Coil L = Mutual Inductance di/dt = time rate of current change in the Transmitter Coil Note: Higher frequencies generate a higher voltage. Source: powerbyproxi.com Integrated Circuits Inside are mostly very tiny Transistors Resistors Capacitors Can Often Use C or L DC Block Want to block DC voltage from output C Vdc + vsignal vsignal Rload R vsignal Vdc + vsignal L Rload Can Often Use C or L DC Power Supply Filter Want to constant voltage on output L Vdc + vnoise Rload Vdc R Vdc Vdc + vnoise C Rload Inductors vs Capacitor Inductor Short Circuit if DC in v = L di/dt Capacitor Open Circuit if DC in i = C dv/dt t t ∫ i(t) - i(0-) = 1 v dt L 0 ∫ v(t) - v(0-) = 1 i dt C 0