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ECE320-HW4
ECE320-HW4

BA-E-TK-101--Draft A5 - ELB Füllstandsgeräte Bundschuh GmbH+Co
BA-E-TK-101--Draft A5 - ELB Füllstandsgeräte Bundschuh GmbH+Co

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NPN Darlington Transistor TIP122
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... NPN Darlington Transistor designed for medium power linear switching applications. In this tutorial we will use a TIP122 transistor, which can power devices up to 100VDC at 5 Amps. This can be used to power devices such as motors, solenoids and fans, where the only necessary operation control operat ...
ECE 1020 FINAL PRESENTATION
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... Analog Sensor Characterization: Sonar Sensor Challenges: Noise from around the rest of the room Not realizing that holding the sensor at different angles would impact our values Establishing a constant way to measure the distances and hold the arduino/sensor combination ...
Unit 17 – Alternating Current (AC) Circuits Containing Inductance
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... c) Symbolized by the letter  d) Characteristics of inductance i) When magnetic lines of flux cut through a coil, a voltage is induced in the coil ii) This induced voltage is always in opposition to the applied voltage (counter-electromotive force) iii) The amount of induced voltage is proportional ...
Differential-to-single-ended converter
Differential-to-single-ended converter

... capability, you need not provide buffers for load isolation. With >13-MHz bandwidth at a gain of 190 and 25V p-p output-swing capability (35 MHz and 4V p-p with a gain of 5), you can use the circuit for baseband video and audio applications. The output slew rate is >700Vµsec, which allows for a full ...
Physics 536 - Assignment #2
Physics 536 - Assignment #2

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June 2005 - Vicphysics

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... Potential Cause: Voltage Burden One of the biggest sources of error in measuring low currents from low voltage sources is voltage burden. Unlike an ideal ammeter, a shunt style ammeter (for example, in a DMM) has some resistance, and current flowing through it will create a voltage drop. This voltage ...
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Internal Resistance and Resistivity in DC Circuits

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... The following is a list of the characteristics of the parallel circuit. 1. The current in each component (branch) is the same everywhere in the circuit. This means that wherever I try to measure the voltage, I will obtain the same reading, and this is the supply voltage. 2. Each branch has an indivi ...
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... with the RF field, then just as it hits, the field is right to pull the new electrons towards the other side, and a cascading avalanche can result (if the electron emission coefficient (d) is >1). ...
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... Power = Energy/unit time P=V * I P= (I*R) *I= I2 R ...
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... Theory: Voltage • Voltage is the driving force behind current • Voltage is the electrical potential energy a charge has due to its position in space • potential energy per unit of charge • "path independent“ • Voltage is measured in Joules/Coulomb or Volts (V) • A Joule to the unit of energy • Posi ...
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... What have we learned today? • Voltage of a supply is a measure of the energy given to the charges in the circuit. • If the supply voltage is increased so is the current. • A voltmeter must be set up in parallel in a circuit. • An ammeter must be set up in series in a circuit. ...
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... changes. Rectron Inc or anyone on its behalf assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies. Data sheet specifications and its information contained are intended to provide a product description only. "Typical" parameters which may be included on RECTRON data sheets and/ or sp ...
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... necessary, which in this case is brought up by the voltage divider consisting of R8, Z1, P1 and R9. So the maximum Gate voltage will be the one of the Z1, and the minimal will be around 3V6. The Z1 voltage (Uz1) will thus determine the max current flowing through the FET 1. The diagram 2 will show t ...
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... When IB reduces to zero, the IC also reduces to zero, and the voltage VCE becomes constant at the maximum value (10 V here). This is called CUTOFF region. When IB increases beyond a certain limit, the IC fails to increase any more, and the voltage VCE becomes constant at a minimum value, usually of ...
< 1 ... 2169 2170 2171 2172 2173 2174 2175 2176 2177 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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