BIOLOGY - San Marcos Unified School District
... • Genes (DNA) in the nucleus contain coded instructions to make each type of protein the body needs • mRNA takes a “copy” of these coded instructions from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm (usually attached to rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) • Ribosomes use instructions and link ...
... • Genes (DNA) in the nucleus contain coded instructions to make each type of protein the body needs • mRNA takes a “copy” of these coded instructions from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm (usually attached to rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) • Ribosomes use instructions and link ...
Document
... Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term maybe used only once. Some terms may not be used. ...
... Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term maybe used only once. Some terms may not be used. ...
June-2015-Biology-Final-Exam-Review
... 44. How is RNA different from DNA? (205) 45. In RNA, Adenine base-pairs with _____________. (205) 46. Using the chart of codons on pg. 207, what would the sequence of amino acids be encoded by the following mRNA molecule: CUCAAGUGCUUC? (207) 47. What would the DNA strand be made from the following m ...
... 44. How is RNA different from DNA? (205) 45. In RNA, Adenine base-pairs with _____________. (205) 46. Using the chart of codons on pg. 207, what would the sequence of amino acids be encoded by the following mRNA molecule: CUCAAGUGCUUC? (207) 47. What would the DNA strand be made from the following m ...
cell reproduction
... tightly & becomes visible as chromosomes Nuclear membrane disappears Nucleolus disappears Centrioles migrate to opposite poles Spindle fibers (microtubules) begins to form from centrioles and move toward center of cell ...
... tightly & becomes visible as chromosomes Nuclear membrane disappears Nucleolus disappears Centrioles migrate to opposite poles Spindle fibers (microtubules) begins to form from centrioles and move toward center of cell ...
Genetics notes, long version
... The DNA molecule is shaped like a ladder that is twisted into a spiral shape. This shape is called a double helix. The steps of this ladder are made up of pairs of nitrogenous bases, so when we talk about DNA, we often talk about base pairs. A base pair is two molecules that are connected to each ot ...
... The DNA molecule is shaped like a ladder that is twisted into a spiral shape. This shape is called a double helix. The steps of this ladder are made up of pairs of nitrogenous bases, so when we talk about DNA, we often talk about base pairs. A base pair is two molecules that are connected to each ot ...
Section 10–2 Cell Division (pages 244–249)
... You may sometimes forget the meanings of the vocabulary terms that were introduced earlier in the textbook. When this happens, you can check the meanings of the terms in the Glossary, which you can find at the end of the book, preceding the Index. Use the Glossary to review the meanings of all the v ...
... You may sometimes forget the meanings of the vocabulary terms that were introduced earlier in the textbook. When this happens, you can check the meanings of the terms in the Glossary, which you can find at the end of the book, preceding the Index. Use the Glossary to review the meanings of all the v ...
Mitosis: Cell division
... individual, such as eye-color, ear shape, and hair curl, while the chromosome configuration determines the schedule of growth.. The chromosomes come in pairs because the individual cell has one of each type from the father and one from the mother. When cells replicate (copy themselves) by mitosis, t ...
... individual, such as eye-color, ear shape, and hair curl, while the chromosome configuration determines the schedule of growth.. The chromosomes come in pairs because the individual cell has one of each type from the father and one from the mother. When cells replicate (copy themselves) by mitosis, t ...
Chromosomes, genes, alleles, and mutation
... • Occur in pairs (except in sex cells or gametes) in sexually reproductive eukaryotes • Humans have 23 pairs • Prokaryotes only have one chromosome and DNA is not associated with proteins ...
... • Occur in pairs (except in sex cells or gametes) in sexually reproductive eukaryotes • Humans have 23 pairs • Prokaryotes only have one chromosome and DNA is not associated with proteins ...
Note Review Sex-Linked Traits
... human, sperm and eggs carry 23 chromosomes (one from each pair of chromosomes). In addition to 22 other chromosomes (autosomes)... •Egg cells carry one X chromosome. •Sperm cells can carry either an X or a Y chromosome. With that in mind, which parent determines the sex of the child? _______________ ...
... human, sperm and eggs carry 23 chromosomes (one from each pair of chromosomes). In addition to 22 other chromosomes (autosomes)... •Egg cells carry one X chromosome. •Sperm cells can carry either an X or a Y chromosome. With that in mind, which parent determines the sex of the child? _______________ ...
Reproduction - Doctor Jade Main
... • body must have way to ensure that each time a cell divides information is maintained & directly copied • information is found in chromosomes – can only be seen during cell division • remainder of the time exists as mass of very long fibers -chromatin • each chromosome = one long DNA molecule conta ...
... • body must have way to ensure that each time a cell divides information is maintained & directly copied • information is found in chromosomes – can only be seen during cell division • remainder of the time exists as mass of very long fibers -chromatin • each chromosome = one long DNA molecule conta ...
Pedigrees and Karyotypes - Springfield School District
... order of descending size. The sex chromosomes are placed at the end. A picture of chromosomes arranged in this way is known as a karyotype. ...
... order of descending size. The sex chromosomes are placed at the end. A picture of chromosomes arranged in this way is known as a karyotype. ...
Karyotyping
... abnormalities from malformation or disease. It examines the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a certain sample of cells. Extra, missing, or abnormal positions of chromosome pieces can cause problems with a person’s growth, development, and body functions. A few of the abnormalities that can ...
... abnormalities from malformation or disease. It examines the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a certain sample of cells. Extra, missing, or abnormal positions of chromosome pieces can cause problems with a person’s growth, development, and body functions. A few of the abnormalities that can ...
Mitosis PPT - Roslyn School
... Purpose: occurs in somatic (body) cells for growth and repair of tissue (ex. Growing, or healing an injury). Occurs in both plants and animals: asexual reproduction, (starting a new plant from a stem/leaf of another one) ...
... Purpose: occurs in somatic (body) cells for growth and repair of tissue (ex. Growing, or healing an injury). Occurs in both plants and animals: asexual reproduction, (starting a new plant from a stem/leaf of another one) ...
Document
... 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype • Female mammals have an XX genotype. – Expression of sex-linked genes is similar to autosomal genes in females. – X chromosome inactivation randomly “turns off” one X chromosome – ensures that females, like males, have one functional copy of the X chromosome in each b ...
... 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype • Female mammals have an XX genotype. – Expression of sex-linked genes is similar to autosomal genes in females. – X chromosome inactivation randomly “turns off” one X chromosome – ensures that females, like males, have one functional copy of the X chromosome in each b ...
Biol 1406 Exam 4 Outline (Chapters 12-14
... The Key roles of cell division 12.1 Most cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells Cellular organization of the genetic material (genome, chromosome, chromatin, somatic cells and gamates ) Distribution of chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division (and terms: sister chromatids, ...
... The Key roles of cell division 12.1 Most cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells Cellular organization of the genetic material (genome, chromosome, chromatin, somatic cells and gamates ) Distribution of chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division (and terms: sister chromatids, ...
Exam 2
... D. adding a functioning version of the defective gene to the cells of an individual E. All are correct TRUE/FALSE. Write T for TRUE statements and F for FALSE statements in the space provided. (2 points each, 30 total) ____ 36. A karyotype is an ordered arrangement of images of a cell’s chromosomes. ...
... D. adding a functioning version of the defective gene to the cells of an individual E. All are correct TRUE/FALSE. Write T for TRUE statements and F for FALSE statements in the space provided. (2 points each, 30 total) ____ 36. A karyotype is an ordered arrangement of images of a cell’s chromosomes. ...
Chpt. 5 Review Questions
... selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next generation. ...
... selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next generation. ...
Genetics Crossword
... different parents unite to produce a new genetically unique individual. 3. – the father of genetics 4. – (2N) an organism that has two complete copies of each chromosome. 6. – the physical appearance or characteristic that is the result of the genetic make up and the effect of the environment. Can b ...
... different parents unite to produce a new genetically unique individual. 3. – the father of genetics 4. – (2N) an organism that has two complete copies of each chromosome. 6. – the physical appearance or characteristic that is the result of the genetic make up and the effect of the environment. Can b ...
File
... Genes are carried on the chromosomes which are in the nucleus of every cell. Chromosomes are long threads made of DNA and protein. Genes work by providing information about making proteins. Every chemical reaction inside a living organism is catalyzed by enzymes. Enzymes are protein. So, by providin ...
... Genes are carried on the chromosomes which are in the nucleus of every cell. Chromosomes are long threads made of DNA and protein. Genes work by providing information about making proteins. Every chemical reaction inside a living organism is catalyzed by enzymes. Enzymes are protein. So, by providin ...
Review Game
... red, axial flowers. The genes for flower color and location assort independently. If 1,000 offspring resulted from the cross, approximately how many of them would you expect to have red, ...
... red, axial flowers. The genes for flower color and location assort independently. If 1,000 offspring resulted from the cross, approximately how many of them would you expect to have red, ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.