Honors Biology Final Outline
... Regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle: internal & external factors The role of apoptosis in development and normal tissue maintenance Cancer biology: tumors & metastases germ cells (gametes) and somatic cells Autosomes and sex chromosomes Ploidy and changes in ploidy: meiosis Process ...
... Regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle: internal & external factors The role of apoptosis in development and normal tissue maintenance Cancer biology: tumors & metastases germ cells (gametes) and somatic cells Autosomes and sex chromosomes Ploidy and changes in ploidy: meiosis Process ...
Genetics after Mendel
... Genes are carried on chromosomes Segregation and independent assortment due to meiosis Physical basis for Mendel’s rules ...
... Genes are carried on chromosomes Segregation and independent assortment due to meiosis Physical basis for Mendel’s rules ...
Chapter 11 Notes – Fill In
... - Each chromosome matches with its holomogous chromosome (forms a tetrad) - Crossing over occurs (chromatids cross over and exchange ends) __________________ 1 - Homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell __________________ 1 - Homologous chromosomes are pulled toward opposite ends ...
... - Each chromosome matches with its holomogous chromosome (forms a tetrad) - Crossing over occurs (chromatids cross over and exchange ends) __________________ 1 - Homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell __________________ 1 - Homologous chromosomes are pulled toward opposite ends ...
Genetics Review Questions Mitosis and Meiosis 1. Name the 4
... 3. Describe the differences between mitosis and meiosis, with respect to the types of cells involved, number of divisions, number of cells resulting, chromosomes numbers in the parent, chromosome numbers in the offspring. 4. Name the stages of meiosis. Describe the position of the chromosomes in e ...
... 3. Describe the differences between mitosis and meiosis, with respect to the types of cells involved, number of divisions, number of cells resulting, chromosomes numbers in the parent, chromosome numbers in the offspring. 4. Name the stages of meiosis. Describe the position of the chromosomes in e ...
Meiosis
... a single copy of every chromosome (haploid). This change (diploid haploid) is critical if two gametes combine to make a new individual In meiosis, one diploid cells produces four haploid cells. ...
... a single copy of every chromosome (haploid). This change (diploid haploid) is critical if two gametes combine to make a new individual In meiosis, one diploid cells produces four haploid cells. ...
Human Chromosomes
... Key Concepts: How is sex determined? How do small changes in DNA Cause genetic disorders? I. Human Chromosomes A. Karyotype: A picture of chromosomes taken during mitosis, cut out and _______________ ________________________. ...
... Key Concepts: How is sex determined? How do small changes in DNA Cause genetic disorders? I. Human Chromosomes A. Karyotype: A picture of chromosomes taken during mitosis, cut out and _______________ ________________________. ...
Mutations - Choteau Schools
... Mutations in Reproductive Cells The mutation occurs in the gamete and is passed on to the zygote. May be beneficial or harmful: May result in a new trait which benefits the organism or in structural or functional problems in the cells or the organism. At times, the problem is so severe that the org ...
... Mutations in Reproductive Cells The mutation occurs in the gamete and is passed on to the zygote. May be beneficial or harmful: May result in a new trait which benefits the organism or in structural or functional problems in the cells or the organism. At times, the problem is so severe that the org ...
Biology Review - Weiss World of Science
... fragmentation interphase mitosis DNA replication spindle fibres spore formation stem cell vegetative reproduction ...
... fragmentation interphase mitosis DNA replication spindle fibres spore formation stem cell vegetative reproduction ...
01 - Educator Pages
... A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for RNA and protein. A single molecule of DNA has thousands of genes lined up like the cars of a train. When genes are being used, the strand of DNA is stretched out so that the information it contains can be decoded and used to direct the synthesis of proteins ...
... A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for RNA and protein. A single molecule of DNA has thousands of genes lined up like the cars of a train. When genes are being used, the strand of DNA is stretched out so that the information it contains can be decoded and used to direct the synthesis of proteins ...
Lesson7 sp2012 (online)
... a. On the discussion board, describe how nondisjunction can result in each of the syndromes above. Talk about the stage(s) of meiosis where non-disjunction could occur and the end product of each scenario (what would the resultant gametes look like). ...
... a. On the discussion board, describe how nondisjunction can result in each of the syndromes above. Talk about the stage(s) of meiosis where non-disjunction could occur and the end product of each scenario (what would the resultant gametes look like). ...
Mitosis EXTRA CREDIT Study Guide
... 14. When do cells line up in the middle?_____________When do sister chromatids break apart?___________ 15. What is the function of a spindle fiber? 16. What is the difference in mitosis of a plant and animal cell? 17. In mitosis, if the parent cell has 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes does each ...
... 14. When do cells line up in the middle?_____________When do sister chromatids break apart?___________ 15. What is the function of a spindle fiber? 16. What is the difference in mitosis of a plant and animal cell? 17. In mitosis, if the parent cell has 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes does each ...
Biology – Study Guide – Meiosis and Genetics
... 5) Meiosis produces __GAMETES__ (sperm and egg) 6) What is crossing over? When DNA is transferred from one homologous chromosome to another. When does it take place? During Meiosis I – usually Prophase I 7) What are homologous chromosomes? A pair of sister chromatids, one maternal and one paternal 8 ...
... 5) Meiosis produces __GAMETES__ (sperm and egg) 6) What is crossing over? When DNA is transferred from one homologous chromosome to another. When does it take place? During Meiosis I – usually Prophase I 7) What are homologous chromosomes? A pair of sister chromatids, one maternal and one paternal 8 ...
Chapter 10
... • Longest phase of mitosis • Chromosomes become visible • Centrioles (animal cells only) migrate to opposite ends of the cell • Mitotic spindle starts to form – Spindle fibers form in foot ball shape across cell ...
... • Longest phase of mitosis • Chromosomes become visible • Centrioles (animal cells only) migrate to opposite ends of the cell • Mitotic spindle starts to form – Spindle fibers form in foot ball shape across cell ...
Genetics Notes - WasmundScience
... -don’t go through puberty – do not reach normal height and fail to develop sexually -sterile Sometimes a person is born with a normal number of chromosomes but the chromosome structure is abnormal. *Inversion *Missing end *Mutation Cri-du-chat syndrome: disorder caused by a defective chromosome -lar ...
... -don’t go through puberty – do not reach normal height and fail to develop sexually -sterile Sometimes a person is born with a normal number of chromosomes but the chromosome structure is abnormal. *Inversion *Missing end *Mutation Cri-du-chat syndrome: disorder caused by a defective chromosome -lar ...
Human Chromosomes and Genes
... The remaining pair of human chromosomes consists of the sex chromosomes, X and Y. Females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome. In females, one of the X chromosomes in each cell is inactivated and known as a Barr body. This ensures that females, like males, have only one ...
... The remaining pair of human chromosomes consists of the sex chromosomes, X and Y. Females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome. In females, one of the X chromosomes in each cell is inactivated and known as a Barr body. This ensures that females, like males, have only one ...
Sex-linked Traits
... The chromosomes sort independently, not the individual genes Two genes found on the same chromosome are not linked forever due to crossing-over. (Genetic diversity!) The farther apart the genes, the more likely they are to be separated during crossing-over Gene map: relative location of each known g ...
... The chromosomes sort independently, not the individual genes Two genes found on the same chromosome are not linked forever due to crossing-over. (Genetic diversity!) The farther apart the genes, the more likely they are to be separated during crossing-over Gene map: relative location of each known g ...
Learning Guide: Origins of Life
... o Define the following terms as you read: genes, gametes, somatic cells, locus o Describe the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction. Fertilization and meiosis alternate in sexual life cycles. o Define the following terms as you read: karyotype, homologous chromosomes, sex chromosomes, ...
... o Define the following terms as you read: genes, gametes, somatic cells, locus o Describe the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction. Fertilization and meiosis alternate in sexual life cycles. o Define the following terms as you read: karyotype, homologous chromosomes, sex chromosomes, ...
CHAPTER 14: Genes in Action Essential Ideas
... Gene-a segment of DNA whose nucleotide sequence codes for a protein. Mutation - Changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene’s DNA Mutagens cause mutations, include environmental factors ike chemicals, X-rays, and UV light Genetic Mutations – single or small changes to individual genes DNA sequence ...
... Gene-a segment of DNA whose nucleotide sequence codes for a protein. Mutation - Changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene’s DNA Mutagens cause mutations, include environmental factors ike chemicals, X-rays, and UV light Genetic Mutations – single or small changes to individual genes DNA sequence ...
Dividing we stand
... exactly the same DNA as the original cell. Regulation of mitosis This process is highly regulated by a series of biochemical reactions to ensure that mitosis only occurs after sufficient cell growth and DNA replication have occurred. CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases) are enzymes that add phosphate gro ...
... exactly the same DNA as the original cell. Regulation of mitosis This process is highly regulated by a series of biochemical reactions to ensure that mitosis only occurs after sufficient cell growth and DNA replication have occurred. CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases) are enzymes that add phosphate gro ...
Mutations & Genetic Engineering
... –Huntington’s disease • Inversion – orientation is in the reverse direction • Translocation – two non homologous chromosomes exchange segments ...
... –Huntington’s disease • Inversion – orientation is in the reverse direction • Translocation – two non homologous chromosomes exchange segments ...
Unit 3 Practice Test
... ______22. The exchange of genetic material between chromatids on homologous chromosomes occurs during a. interphase. b. mitosis and meiosis. c. prophase I. d. anaphase I. ______23. The difference between asexual and sexual reproduction is that a. asexual reproduction occurs only in bacteria, whereas ...
... ______22. The exchange of genetic material between chromatids on homologous chromosomes occurs during a. interphase. b. mitosis and meiosis. c. prophase I. d. anaphase I. ______23. The difference between asexual and sexual reproduction is that a. asexual reproduction occurs only in bacteria, whereas ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.