Name: _ Date: Block: ____ A.1 Basic Biological Principles
... Deletion – big part of chromosome sequence deleted Duplication – big part of chromosome sequence repeated Inversion- part of chromosome sequence inverted (reversed) Translocation – part of one chromosome is moved to another chromosome Nondisjunction – during meiosis when a sex cell ends up ...
... Deletion – big part of chromosome sequence deleted Duplication – big part of chromosome sequence repeated Inversion- part of chromosome sequence inverted (reversed) Translocation – part of one chromosome is moved to another chromosome Nondisjunction – during meiosis when a sex cell ends up ...
A Closer Look at Conception
... • Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to offspring. • Chromosomes: bundles of DNA in the nucleus of cells. Human cells contain 46 (23 pairs) – Half comes from the mother, half comes from the father ...
... • Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to offspring. • Chromosomes: bundles of DNA in the nucleus of cells. Human cells contain 46 (23 pairs) – Half comes from the mother, half comes from the father ...
Document
... • Mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA) • Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders, cancer, death Beneficial mutations – allows organism to better survive: provides genetic variation Neutral mutations – neither harmful nor helpful ...
... • Mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA) • Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders, cancer, death Beneficial mutations – allows organism to better survive: provides genetic variation Neutral mutations – neither harmful nor helpful ...
mendelian genetics
... Two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis. During fertilization, two alleles for that trait unite. Heterozygous organisms are called hybrids. ...
... Two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis. During fertilization, two alleles for that trait unite. Heterozygous organisms are called hybrids. ...
G2a
... statement. If it is false, write “FALSE” in the blank next to the statement and CHANGE the underlined part of the statement to make it true. ___FALSE___ 1. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus. They are made of DNA, a substance composed mostly of phosphate and sugar molecules and nitrogenous bases a ...
... statement. If it is false, write “FALSE” in the blank next to the statement and CHANGE the underlined part of the statement to make it true. ___FALSE___ 1. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus. They are made of DNA, a substance composed mostly of phosphate and sugar molecules and nitrogenous bases a ...
Genetic Engineering
... much smaller than the X chromosome and appears to contain only a few genes. ...
... much smaller than the X chromosome and appears to contain only a few genes. ...
Vocab PPT
... living organism. All living things depend on genes. Genes hold the information to build and maintain an organism's cells and pass genetic traits to offspring. Genes are located on the chromosomes. ...
... living organism. All living things depend on genes. Genes hold the information to build and maintain an organism's cells and pass genetic traits to offspring. Genes are located on the chromosomes. ...
File
... not linked, but by chance they will still be inherited together 50% of the time. But not all genes on a chromosome are linked. Genes that are farther away from each other are more likely to be separated during a process called crossing over in meiosis. Genes on different chromosomes are never li ...
... not linked, but by chance they will still be inherited together 50% of the time. But not all genes on a chromosome are linked. Genes that are farther away from each other are more likely to be separated during a process called crossing over in meiosis. Genes on different chromosomes are never li ...
Chapter 3 ppt D
... Figure 3.34 Simplified scheme of information flow from the DNA gene to mRNA to protein structure during transcription and translation. ...
... Figure 3.34 Simplified scheme of information flow from the DNA gene to mRNA to protein structure during transcription and translation. ...
Lecture 14 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
... – They are unlikely to be separated during homologous recombination and independent assortment Homologous recombination during meiosis “can cause alleles previously on the same chromosome to be separated and end up in different daughter cells. The farther the two alleles are apart, the greater the c ...
... – They are unlikely to be separated during homologous recombination and independent assortment Homologous recombination during meiosis “can cause alleles previously on the same chromosome to be separated and end up in different daughter cells. The farther the two alleles are apart, the greater the c ...
Crossing Over during Meiosis
... pairs will lead (eventually) to gene maps of each chromosome. • Pair-wise and three-locus linkage associations can be formed. • The frequencies of recombination can also be used to estimate the physical distance between loci along a chromosome. • The values for recombination frequency can be conside ...
... pairs will lead (eventually) to gene maps of each chromosome. • Pair-wise and three-locus linkage associations can be formed. • The frequencies of recombination can also be used to estimate the physical distance between loci along a chromosome. • The values for recombination frequency can be conside ...
Sample PDF
... alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation. While Mendel's experiments with mixing one trait always resulted in a 3:1 ratio (Fig. 1) between dominant and recessive phenotypes, his experiments with mixing two traits (dihybrid cross) showed 9:3:3:1 ratios). ...
... alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation. While Mendel's experiments with mixing one trait always resulted in a 3:1 ratio (Fig. 1) between dominant and recessive phenotypes, his experiments with mixing two traits (dihybrid cross) showed 9:3:3:1 ratios). ...
Ch 10 Jeopardy Review
... chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromtid on the homologous chromosome, ...
... chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromtid on the homologous chromosome, ...
1. The father of genetics is_____. A. Charles Darwin B
... 5. Fetal cells can be obtained for diagnostic purposes during _____. A. chorionic villi sampling B. fertilization C. amniocentesis D. both A and C ___ ...
... 5. Fetal cells can be obtained for diagnostic purposes during _____. A. chorionic villi sampling B. fertilization C. amniocentesis D. both A and C ___ ...
Study Guide for LS
... - In a pedigree, a solid black square or circle indicates that the person has a certain trait. - In a pedigree, squares represent males. - In a pedigree, circles represent females. - In a pedigree, a half-filled square or circle indicates that the person is a carrier of a certain trait. ...
... - In a pedigree, a solid black square or circle indicates that the person has a certain trait. - In a pedigree, squares represent males. - In a pedigree, circles represent females. - In a pedigree, a half-filled square or circle indicates that the person is a carrier of a certain trait. ...
Definition an inherited trait that increases an organism`s chance of
... the two new cells that result from mitosis and cytokinesis a cell that has pairs of chromosomes Deoxyribonucleic acid, nucleic acid that is the genetic material determining the makeup of all living cells and many viruses. Consists of two strands of nucleotides linked together in a structure resembli ...
... the two new cells that result from mitosis and cytokinesis a cell that has pairs of chromosomes Deoxyribonucleic acid, nucleic acid that is the genetic material determining the makeup of all living cells and many viruses. Consists of two strands of nucleotides linked together in a structure resembli ...
Unit 4, Lesson 10 Chromosomes and Genetics
... Ladies and gentlemen, do our chromosomes change over time? What causes them to change? A change in the structure of the chromosome is a genetic mutation. There are three ways chromosomes are generally mutated. All result in the organism to lose the ability to function normally. An example of a mutat ...
... Ladies and gentlemen, do our chromosomes change over time? What causes them to change? A change in the structure of the chromosome is a genetic mutation. There are three ways chromosomes are generally mutated. All result in the organism to lose the ability to function normally. An example of a mutat ...
Sex and the genome
... supports feminization of the X. Complicating this interpretation, however, a previous study by Wang et al.3 reported the opposite result: genes expressed specifically in male germ cells were X-linked much more frequently than expected, supporting Rice’s hypothesis. What could account for these confl ...
... supports feminization of the X. Complicating this interpretation, however, a previous study by Wang et al.3 reported the opposite result: genes expressed specifically in male germ cells were X-linked much more frequently than expected, supporting Rice’s hypothesis. What could account for these confl ...
an inherited trait that increases an organism`s chance of surviving
... science of altering and cloning genes to produce a new trait in an organism or to make a biological substance such as a protein or genetic engineering hormone; mainly involves the creation of recombinant DNA, which is then inserted into the genetic material of a cell or virus ...
... science of altering and cloning genes to produce a new trait in an organism or to make a biological substance such as a protein or genetic engineering hormone; mainly involves the creation of recombinant DNA, which is then inserted into the genetic material of a cell or virus ...
Final Review Answer Key - Mercer Island School District
... A bacterium (plural bacteria) is a microorganism made of a prokaryotic cell, which is a cell that does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. The DNA for the bacterial cell is found in the cytoplasm of the cell (without a nuclear membrane surrounding it. Bacteria have a circular c ...
... A bacterium (plural bacteria) is a microorganism made of a prokaryotic cell, which is a cell that does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. The DNA for the bacterial cell is found in the cytoplasm of the cell (without a nuclear membrane surrounding it. Bacteria have a circular c ...
Outline
... B) The factors then segregate during the formation of gametes so that each gamete contains only one factor for each trait. C) This reshuffling of the factors helps explain how variations come about and why ...
... B) The factors then segregate during the formation of gametes so that each gamete contains only one factor for each trait. C) This reshuffling of the factors helps explain how variations come about and why ...
Bio 101 Homework #3 Prof. Fournier
... D) Cells are linked together by proteins to make different kinds of DNA molecules. 41. A change in the order of DNA bases that code for a respiratory protein will most likely cause A) the production of a starch that has a similar function B) the digestion of the altered gene by enzymes C) a change i ...
... D) Cells are linked together by proteins to make different kinds of DNA molecules. 41. A change in the order of DNA bases that code for a respiratory protein will most likely cause A) the production of a starch that has a similar function B) the digestion of the altered gene by enzymes C) a change i ...
genetic study guide/quiz
... 8. The only way to express a recessive trait is to have a _______________________ genotype. 9. A phenotype is _______________________________________. To name the phenotype, use the __________ from your punnett square. 10. Carrier means _______________________ genotype. 11. In sheep, black wool is d ...
... 8. The only way to express a recessive trait is to have a _______________________ genotype. 9. A phenotype is _______________________________________. To name the phenotype, use the __________ from your punnett square. 10. Carrier means _______________________ genotype. 11. In sheep, black wool is d ...
Document
... the altered protein is encoded by a mutated DNA sequence the altered protein does not function correctly, causing a change to the phenotype the protein can be altered at only a single amino acid (e.g. sickle cell anemia) ...
... the altered protein is encoded by a mutated DNA sequence the altered protein does not function correctly, causing a change to the phenotype the protein can be altered at only a single amino acid (e.g. sickle cell anemia) ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.