• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Human Inheritance
Human Inheritance

... shows a cross between two heterozygotes for smile dimples ...
Nessun titolo diapositiva
Nessun titolo diapositiva

... Hypersensitive site is a short region of chromatin detected by its extreme sensitivity to cleavage by DNAase I and other nucleases; comprises an area from which nucleosomes are excluded. ...
Linkage Groups & Chromosome Maps
Linkage Groups & Chromosome Maps

... 3. In fruit flies, red eyes is a dominant allele located on the X chromosome. The recessive condition results in white eyes. The tan body trait is also X-linked and is dominant to yellow bodies. A female who is heterozygous both traits with the dominant alleles located on the same chromosome is cro ...
cells
cells

... 62. How many alleles of each gene are passed on from each parent to make a child’s genotype? -Half from each parent -ex hair color, eye color ...
Foundations of Biology
Foundations of Biology

... The cos site signals for packaging into l phage, thus the plasmid, including a large insert can be packaged into phage particles without having to waste space on l genes A cosmid combined with a cloned insert cannot exceed the 53 kb limit on how much can be packaged into the l phage head ©2000 Timot ...
Chromosome Variations
Chromosome Variations

... compositions. For instance, it is possible to be 46,XY / 45,X. Some cells are normal male (XY) cells, while others are Turner syndrome female cells. This is caused by chromosome loss or non-disjunction in one of the first few mitoses of a newly formed embryo. • A chimera is an organism which is comp ...
Practice Exam 4 - Iowa State University
Practice Exam 4 - Iowa State University

... 8.) What are 3 ways sexual reproduction creates genetic variability. When do they occur and why are they important? ...
Blog resource: http://tinyurl
Blog resource: http://tinyurl

... 9. Describe what you can see in this image. ...
Independent Assortment
Independent Assortment

... are lined up on the same side of the cell; whereas in the other cell, they are on opposite sides. ...
Population Genetics Sequence Diversity Molecular Evolution
Population Genetics Sequence Diversity Molecular Evolution

... In somatic cell division the two homologous chromosomes do not associate: Mitosis ...
Heredity
Heredity

... • Chromosomes are made up of many genes joined together like beads on a string. • The chromosomes in a pair may have different alleles for some genes and the same allele for others. ...
The Cell Recorded Lectures
The Cell Recorded Lectures

... 2. What organelle is used to acquire energy from glucose? 3. What organelle contains about 40 digestive enzymes? 4. Which genetic disorder results in an inability to break down glycogen in lysosomes? It builds up in tissues and usually results in an early death. 5. Which genetic disorder results in ...
How do organisms grow and heal themselves? What instructions do
How do organisms grow and heal themselves? What instructions do

... Even though they did not know what the chemical (ultimately DNA) looked like they knew some of the mechanisms by which it acted. ...
Mutations - nimitz163
Mutations - nimitz163

... • What happens if powerful radiation, such as gamma radiation, hits the DNA of a nonreproductive cell, a cell of the body such as in skin, muscle, or bone? • If the cell’s DNA is changed, this mutation would not be passed on to offspring. • However, the mutation may cause problems for the individual ...
Biol2250 – Principles of Genetics – Dr Carr Problem solving
Biol2250 – Principles of Genetics – Dr Carr Problem solving

... 8. When  pitcher  plants  (2n=10)  are  crossed  with  catcher  plants  (2n=14),  a  small  number  of   low-­‐fertility  F1  hybrids  are  formed.  After  several  generations,  a  fertile  allopolyploid  species   is  formed.  How  many   ...
AIMS Review Packet
AIMS Review Packet

... PROPHASE – Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle fibers form METAPHASE – chromosomes line up at the equator, spindle fibers attach to chromosomes ANAPHASE - centromeres divide, chromatids (now called chromosomes) move toward opposite poles TELOPHASE- nuclear envelope forms ...
Humans * Herring * Sand eels * Copepods * Phytoplankton
Humans * Herring * Sand eels * Copepods * Phytoplankton

... AUG CUA ...
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

... silencing a particular allele of certain genes genes imprinted differently in sperm & ova zygote expresses only 1 allele of imprinted gene: the 1 inherited from the female or male parent imprints transmitted to all somatic cells during development gamete-producing cells “erase” the imprints & the ch ...
Micro-organisms
Micro-organisms

... colour, can either be blue(b) or Brown (B). Blue and brown are the possible alleles of the gene for eye colour. (Trust me it’s frustrating when people in year 12 biology get those confused!). Each gene gives instructions for a characteristic of the organism. Chromosomes: in different species the num ...
Final Exam Bio 101 Sp08
Final Exam Bio 101 Sp08

... ---------------------------------------------------TRUE/FALSE. Mark “a” if true, and “b” if false. 8. Homologous chromosomes separate in Metaphase II of meiosis 9. The cell designation “2n” means having both “halves” of a chromosome set, or a full set of both maternal and paternal chromosomes. 10. T ...
Molecular Markers - Personal Web Pages
Molecular Markers - Personal Web Pages

...  How much of a trait depends only on the genes?  How much do differences in genes drive differences in appearance?  How different are organisms in the same species from each other?  How different are organisms in difference genus’ from each other? ...
Genetic Crosses
Genetic Crosses

... 2. ex) Cancer (human skin cancer, leukemia) ...
This exam is worth 50 points Evolutionary Biology You may take this
This exam is worth 50 points Evolutionary Biology You may take this

... Reptiles have an incomplete septum and amphibians have none. So what we see in the vertebrates is that fish have a two chambered heart , amphibians have three, reptiles 3.5, and birds and mammals four. With this discovery, we note that the transition among these different hearts is really not as dif ...
Mitosis - MSU Billings
Mitosis - MSU Billings

... A. It means that red blood cells from the alligator will be examined with a microscope and the nuclei will be counted. B. It means that red blood cells from the alligator will be examined using restriction enzymes to count the number of centromeres that are present on the chromosomes. C. It means th ...
Ch 26 Inheritance of Traits
Ch 26 Inheritance of Traits

... of how traits are passed from parent to offspring – Mystery for a long time – Now know traits are passed in sex cells ...
< 1 ... 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 ... 538 >

Chromosome



A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report