The role of forest structure, fragment size and corridors in
... mature forest. Selection of study sites was performed as follows. To assure a large range of fragment size, we selected the five largest patches in the fragmented landscape (>50 ha). Among smaller fragments, we systematically selected sites based on the presence/absence of corridors to large fragment ...
... mature forest. Selection of study sites was performed as follows. To assure a large range of fragment size, we selected the five largest patches in the fragmented landscape (>50 ha). Among smaller fragments, we systematically selected sites based on the presence/absence of corridors to large fragment ...
Floodplain Forests - Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources
... FIELD CHARACTERISTICS: A branching, deciduous shrub to 3 m. in height, or vines climbing to 20 m. in length. Stem diameters to 3-6 cm. with grayish to brown bark. The vine form is characterized by numerous aerial roots attached to host tree trunks (inset photo: aerial roots are the copper-colored, f ...
... FIELD CHARACTERISTICS: A branching, deciduous shrub to 3 m. in height, or vines climbing to 20 m. in length. Stem diameters to 3-6 cm. with grayish to brown bark. The vine form is characterized by numerous aerial roots attached to host tree trunks (inset photo: aerial roots are the copper-colored, f ...
Elephants versus butterflies: the ecological role of large herbivores
... resulted in functionally different rain forest ecosystems. Our primary focus is on lowland tropical rain forest; for our purposes, the maps in Whitmore (1998) depict the areas where these occur. Rain forest landscapes include a variety of vegetation formations of smaller extent, including heath fore ...
... resulted in functionally different rain forest ecosystems. Our primary focus is on lowland tropical rain forest; for our purposes, the maps in Whitmore (1998) depict the areas where these occur. Rain forest landscapes include a variety of vegetation formations of smaller extent, including heath fore ...
PROPOSITIONS DE THEMES DE MEMOIRES DE FIN D
... The quest for the most exact silvimetric description of a forest : creation of virtual forests and simulations of different phytosociological methods. Methods to describe vegetation assemblages (plot-based method, nearest-individual method, nearest-neighbour method, point-centered-quarter method, an ...
... The quest for the most exact silvimetric description of a forest : creation of virtual forests and simulations of different phytosociological methods. Methods to describe vegetation assemblages (plot-based method, nearest-individual method, nearest-neighbour method, point-centered-quarter method, an ...
Master`s Project: An Ecological Assessment of Merck Forest
... exemplifies the iconic land use history of Vermont. Once the site of seven different homesteads, the last remaining actively farmed parcel is still in agricultural use. The rest of the property is now forested and has been under forest management practices since 1950. Objective: The purpose of this ...
... exemplifies the iconic land use history of Vermont. Once the site of seven different homesteads, the last remaining actively farmed parcel is still in agricultural use. The rest of the property is now forested and has been under forest management practices since 1950. Objective: The purpose of this ...
Ecosystem management and the conservation of caribou habitat in
... lichens. For example, within medium quality cariattributes, such as large diameter snags and arboreal bou habitat in the Robson Valley Timber Supply lichens, within the regenerating stand. Area, no more than 1/3 of the commercial timber volume can be harvested every 80 years. If clearcutVI) Mature f ...
... lichens. For example, within medium quality cariattributes, such as large diameter snags and arboreal bou habitat in the Robson Valley Timber Supply lichens, within the regenerating stand. Area, no more than 1/3 of the commercial timber volume can be harvested every 80 years. If clearcutVI) Mature f ...
Critically Endangered Fijian Crested Iguana (Brachylophus vitiensis
... Biciloa 2001). All other populations are extremely small and likely doomed because of continued tropical dry forest habitat loss due to clearing, grazing by goats, fire, invasive plants, and predation (Harlow et al. 2007). Although the population of B. vitiensis on Yadua Taba is currently thriving a ...
... Biciloa 2001). All other populations are extremely small and likely doomed because of continued tropical dry forest habitat loss due to clearing, grazing by goats, fire, invasive plants, and predation (Harlow et al. 2007). Although the population of B. vitiensis on Yadua Taba is currently thriving a ...
Town Forest Health
... Leopold wrote, “Health is the capacity of the land for self-renewal.” 1 A healthy forest is a forest ecosystem that has the long-term capacity to renew its own ecological productivity, diversity, and complexity, particularly following a disturbance, whether human-caused or natural. A community fores ...
... Leopold wrote, “Health is the capacity of the land for self-renewal.” 1 A healthy forest is a forest ecosystem that has the long-term capacity to renew its own ecological productivity, diversity, and complexity, particularly following a disturbance, whether human-caused or natural. A community fores ...
Critically Endangered Fijian Crested Iguana (Brachylophus
... Biciloa 2001). All other populations are extremely small and likely doomed because of continued tropical dry forest habitat loss due to clearing, grazing by goats, fire, invasive plants, and predation (Harlow et al. 2007). Although the population of B. vitiensis on Yadua Taba is currently thriving a ...
... Biciloa 2001). All other populations are extremely small and likely doomed because of continued tropical dry forest habitat loss due to clearing, grazing by goats, fire, invasive plants, and predation (Harlow et al. 2007). Although the population of B. vitiensis on Yadua Taba is currently thriving a ...
Plant Herbivore Interactions at the Forest Edge
... of edges (for a review, see Ries et al. 2004). Researchers are now concerned with the fact that the creation of forest edges by human activities (artificial or anthropogenic edges) can act as a huge catalytic source of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss in fragmented forests (Fagan et al. 1 ...
... of edges (for a review, see Ries et al. 2004). Researchers are now concerned with the fact that the creation of forest edges by human activities (artificial or anthropogenic edges) can act as a huge catalytic source of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss in fragmented forests (Fagan et al. 1 ...
Woodland key habitats evaluated as part of a functional reserve
... (Rassi et al., 2001). A large number of forest species has adapted to living under conditions that are not met in intensively managed forests. Also in Fennoscandia, the majority of protected areas are located at high elevations and high latitudes, or in remote landscapes with low economic value (Nil ...
... (Rassi et al., 2001). A large number of forest species has adapted to living under conditions that are not met in intensively managed forests. Also in Fennoscandia, the majority of protected areas are located at high elevations and high latitudes, or in remote landscapes with low economic value (Nil ...
- Government of Nova Scotia
... when the thick sheets of ice moved across the land. As our climate changed, conditions became better suited for growing trees. Soon after, forests of spruce, fir, and birch began to grow. Over time, other tree species also became established. Many of the birds, mammals, animals, fish, reptiles, amp ...
... when the thick sheets of ice moved across the land. As our climate changed, conditions became better suited for growing trees. Soon after, forests of spruce, fir, and birch began to grow. Over time, other tree species also became established. Many of the birds, mammals, animals, fish, reptiles, amp ...
Prospects for biodiversity conservation in the Atlantic Forest
... ensuing patterns of species richness in any tropical forest region are also nonrandom, but it is usually the product of evolutionary processes, such as speciation, biotic interchange and local patterns of extinction, and environmental variables that still operate today, as rainfall, temperature and ...
... ensuing patterns of species richness in any tropical forest region are also nonrandom, but it is usually the product of evolutionary processes, such as speciation, biotic interchange and local patterns of extinction, and environmental variables that still operate today, as rainfall, temperature and ...
Forest Impacts and Ecosystem Effects of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid... Southeastern Naturalist
... Hemlock litter than mixed deciduous litter including collembolans, mites and ticks, coleopterans, hymenopterans, and dipterans (8,5,4,2.5, and 2.5 times more abundant, respectively; Hartman 1977). Soils in Eastern Hemlock-dominated forests are more acidic than in mixed deciduous forests due to the s ...
... Hemlock litter than mixed deciduous litter including collembolans, mites and ticks, coleopterans, hymenopterans, and dipterans (8,5,4,2.5, and 2.5 times more abundant, respectively; Hartman 1977). Soils in Eastern Hemlock-dominated forests are more acidic than in mixed deciduous forests due to the s ...
Human-Induced Trophic Cascades along the Fecal Detritus Pathway
... Copyright: ß 2013 Nichols et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Financial support for ...
... Copyright: ß 2013 Nichols et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Financial support for ...
Wildlife in Managed Forests — Oregon Forests as
... to dramatic changes in the forest landscape and profoundly affected wildlife and its habitat. The result was a diverse natural forest landscape that changed and evolved over time. Oregon is home to more than 700 wildlife species, 92 of which are unique to the state. Many of these wildlife species ad ...
... to dramatic changes in the forest landscape and profoundly affected wildlife and its habitat. The result was a diverse natural forest landscape that changed and evolved over time. Oregon is home to more than 700 wildlife species, 92 of which are unique to the state. Many of these wildlife species ad ...
Ecosystem Decay of Amazonian Forest Fragments: a 22
... edge effects in fragmented rainforests, effects that alter physical gradients, species distributions, and many ecological and ecosystem processes (Fig. 3). Microclimatic changes near edges, such as reduced humidity, increased light, and greater temperature variability, penetrate up to 60 m into frag ...
... edge effects in fragmented rainforests, effects that alter physical gradients, species distributions, and many ecological and ecosystem processes (Fig. 3). Microclimatic changes near edges, such as reduced humidity, increased light, and greater temperature variability, penetrate up to 60 m into frag ...
Orangutans of Indonesia - Southeast Asia Program
... They are arboreal, which means they live mostly in trees. They swing from tree to tree and prefer not to cross land on the ground. They eat fruit, insects, and eggs, all food they can find in the trees. ...
... They are arboreal, which means they live mostly in trees. They swing from tree to tree and prefer not to cross land on the ground. They eat fruit, insects, and eggs, all food they can find in the trees. ...
Above and below ground impacts of terrestrial mammals
... subplots. Each exclosure subplot was fenced with nylon mesh (opening, 25 mm2) to exclude terrestrial, insectivorous mammals and birds. The mesh openings exceeded the width of most invertebrates present and allowed unhindered movement to all but the very large species. The base of the fencing was bur ...
... subplots. Each exclosure subplot was fenced with nylon mesh (opening, 25 mm2) to exclude terrestrial, insectivorous mammals and birds. The mesh openings exceeded the width of most invertebrates present and allowed unhindered movement to all but the very large species. The base of the fencing was bur ...
Improving Habitat for Forest Thrushes
... include preventing the fragmentation of large forest tracts, minimizing the creation of edge habitats, establishing forested corridors to reduce isolation of small patches, and maintaining structural and plant-species diversity within existing forests. Unlike tanagers, thrushes are birds of the fore ...
... include preventing the fragmentation of large forest tracts, minimizing the creation of edge habitats, establishing forested corridors to reduce isolation of small patches, and maintaining structural and plant-species diversity within existing forests. Unlike tanagers, thrushes are birds of the fore ...
Glossary of Terms - The Longleaf Alliance
... Deadhead: A submerged pine log. Because longleaf pine trees were dense with resin, many logs sank (or partially sank) as they were floated down rivers and streams to sawmills in the early 20th century. The rot resistant heart pine of the log meant that most trees did not decay once submerged. Often, ...
... Deadhead: A submerged pine log. Because longleaf pine trees were dense with resin, many logs sank (or partially sank) as they were floated down rivers and streams to sawmills in the early 20th century. The rot resistant heart pine of the log meant that most trees did not decay once submerged. Often, ...
Managing Forests for Fish and Wildlife
... trees within the stand are approximately the same age. Small stands of different age classes can form a diverse assemblage of wildlife habitats. Even-aged timber nearly complete, removal of existing timber. stand management often begins with the complete, or Clearcutting removes all marketable trees ...
... trees within the stand are approximately the same age. Small stands of different age classes can form a diverse assemblage of wildlife habitats. Even-aged timber nearly complete, removal of existing timber. stand management often begins with the complete, or Clearcutting removes all marketable trees ...
Composition and Distribution of Epiphytic Organic Matter in a
... matter (EOM), defined as vegetation and dead organic matter, was randomly sampled from inner canopy branches ten trees in Monteverde, Costa Rica. Total EOM (grams per square decimeter of branch surface area) showed a strong positive correlation with branch circumference and a strong negative correla ...
... matter (EOM), defined as vegetation and dead organic matter, was randomly sampled from inner canopy branches ten trees in Monteverde, Costa Rica. Total EOM (grams per square decimeter of branch surface area) showed a strong positive correlation with branch circumference and a strong negative correla ...
Appendix 1
... 64. Funk J.L. & Throop H.L. (2010). Enemy release and plant invasion: patterns of defensive traits and leaf damage in Hawaii. Oecologia, 162, 815-823. 65. Furlan C.M., Salatino A. & Domingos M. (2004). Influence of air pollution on leaf chemistry, herbivore feeding and gall frequency on Tibouchina p ...
... 64. Funk J.L. & Throop H.L. (2010). Enemy release and plant invasion: patterns of defensive traits and leaf damage in Hawaii. Oecologia, 162, 815-823. 65. Furlan C.M., Salatino A. & Domingos M. (2004). Influence of air pollution on leaf chemistry, herbivore feeding and gall frequency on Tibouchina p ...
Kelp Forest
... note is the blue-rayed limpet Helcion pellucidum; this small mollusk eats its way into the stipe eventually weakening the plant sufficiently, for it to break off during a storm. ...
... note is the blue-rayed limpet Helcion pellucidum; this small mollusk eats its way into the stipe eventually weakening the plant sufficiently, for it to break off during a storm. ...
Forest
A forest is a large area of land covered with trees or other woody vegetation. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing and ecological function. According to the widely-used United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered an area of four billion hectares (15 million square miles) or approximately 30 percent of the world's land area in 2006.Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed across the globe. Forests account for 75% of the gross primary productivity of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass.Forests at different latitudes form distinctly different ecozones: boreal forests near the poles tend to consist of evergreens, while tropical forests near the equator tend to be distinct from the temperate forests at mid-latitude. The amount of precipitation and the elevation of the forest also affects forest composition.Human society and forests influence each other in both positive and negative ways. Forests provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as tourist attractions. Forests can also impose costs, affect people's health, and interfere with tourist enjoyment. Human activities, including harvesting forest resources, can negatively affect forest ecosystems.