Floristic composition and environmental determinants of pine forests
... emphasise the high similarity in the floristic composition of related temperate plant communities in Europe and Western Siberia. Due to the remoteness of forests in Siberia and the lack of studies focussing on species composition, little is known about the habitat-level relationship between site and ...
... emphasise the high similarity in the floristic composition of related temperate plant communities in Europe and Western Siberia. Due to the remoteness of forests in Siberia and the lack of studies focussing on species composition, little is known about the habitat-level relationship between site and ...
articles - Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
... within populations, interacting populations of different species within communities, and interactions between biotic communities and their abiotic environments within ecosystems. Despite widespread recognition that the boundaries between levels of organization are artificial,1 integration of populat ...
... within populations, interacting populations of different species within communities, and interactions between biotic communities and their abiotic environments within ecosystems. Despite widespread recognition that the boundaries between levels of organization are artificial,1 integration of populat ...
Trees and Forests
... Forests serve as habitat for a variety of living things and are important to human needs for recreation, for raw materials, and for a life-supporting environment. ...
... Forests serve as habitat for a variety of living things and are important to human needs for recreation, for raw materials, and for a life-supporting environment. ...
Forest-Rangeland Ecotones in the Highlands of Balochistan, Pakistan
... of the area located mostly in arid and semi-arid regions and forming the major land use type. Around 80% of the land area of Balochistan is rangeland (Ahmad and Islam 2011). In Balochistan, animal production is heavily dependent on grazing resources; the rangelands support 22 million heads of small ...
... of the area located mostly in arid and semi-arid regions and forming the major land use type. Around 80% of the land area of Balochistan is rangeland (Ahmad and Islam 2011). In Balochistan, animal production is heavily dependent on grazing resources; the rangelands support 22 million heads of small ...
Human disturbance on Polylepis mountain forests in Peruvian
... approximately 28 % of the world’s forest. Mountain forests are valuable in many ways: they offer variety of ecosystem services and products, possess different habitats and great species richness. To optimize conservation activities and efforts scientists have defined hotspot areas that contain high ...
... approximately 28 % of the world’s forest. Mountain forests are valuable in many ways: they offer variety of ecosystem services and products, possess different habitats and great species richness. To optimize conservation activities and efforts scientists have defined hotspot areas that contain high ...
Rainforest - BSHyear8Geography
... Tom Abbott, Biddulph High School and made available through www.sln.org.uk/geography and only for non commercial use in schools ...
... Tom Abbott, Biddulph High School and made available through www.sln.org.uk/geography and only for non commercial use in schools ...
3.3c Biomes - Glow Blogs
... • Describe how temperature and rainfall affect the distribution of world biomes. • Explain why temperature and rainfall affect the distribution of world biomes. • Present detailed information about one world biome. ...
... • Describe how temperature and rainfall affect the distribution of world biomes. • Explain why temperature and rainfall affect the distribution of world biomes. • Present detailed information about one world biome. ...
Living Things and Their Environment
... The land on Earth is divided into 6 kinds of large ecosystem called biomes In Greek: “bio” = life “omes” = group ...
... The land on Earth is divided into 6 kinds of large ecosystem called biomes In Greek: “bio” = life “omes” = group ...
Tropical forest loss and its multitrophic effects on insect herbivory
... Souza et al. 2013, Peter et al. 2014) in herbivory levels have been documented in human-altered landscapes. Such contradictory findings can be attributed to a large number of confounding factors in these emerging landscapes (Didham et al. 2012). For example, insect herbivory is determined by a compl ...
... Souza et al. 2013, Peter et al. 2014) in herbivory levels have been documented in human-altered landscapes. Such contradictory findings can be attributed to a large number of confounding factors in these emerging landscapes (Didham et al. 2012). For example, insect herbivory is determined by a compl ...
Testing aggregation hypotheses among Neotropical trees and
... mid-sized trees, tall trees) and then used to generate aggregation patterns for each sampling year. We found shrubs and understory trees clumped at small spatial scales of a few meters for several of the years sampled. Alternatively, mid-sized trees and tall trees did not clump, nor did they show un ...
... mid-sized trees, tall trees) and then used to generate aggregation patterns for each sampling year. We found shrubs and understory trees clumped at small spatial scales of a few meters for several of the years sampled. Alternatively, mid-sized trees and tall trees did not clump, nor did they show un ...
Strategies for Landscape-Scale Restoration in the Tropics
... which result from the government ignoring the views of the land managers and imposing industrial-style monocultures or projects with strict conservation goals, which often are of little interest to them. Land managers, on the other hand, often make land use decisions that are in their best interest ...
... which result from the government ignoring the views of the land managers and imposing industrial-style monocultures or projects with strict conservation goals, which often are of little interest to them. Land managers, on the other hand, often make land use decisions that are in their best interest ...
Mutualistic Relationships Involving the Endemic Cycas circinalis L
... high level of dependence on the endemic cycad, Cycas circinalis, by indigenous people and medicinal plant traders. ‘Eentha’, as it is known locally, is quite abundant with a good representation in all size categories. Cycad populations that we have observed are located in semievergreen and moist dec ...
... high level of dependence on the endemic cycad, Cycas circinalis, by indigenous people and medicinal plant traders. ‘Eentha’, as it is known locally, is quite abundant with a good representation in all size categories. Cycad populations that we have observed are located in semievergreen and moist dec ...
English
... 12- Subalpinetum and Alpinetum stages • These stages are on the elevation of 3200-4000m • Subalpinetum stage consists of Juniperus nana (bushes), Rhododendron afghanicum (namir), and others. • Alpinetum stage doesn’t have trees, but it does have some other plants such as grasses which make summer pa ...
... 12- Subalpinetum and Alpinetum stages • These stages are on the elevation of 3200-4000m • Subalpinetum stage consists of Juniperus nana (bushes), Rhododendron afghanicum (namir), and others. • Alpinetum stage doesn’t have trees, but it does have some other plants such as grasses which make summer pa ...
Forests of Afghanistan
... 12- Subalpinetum and Alpinetum stages • These stages are on the elevation of 3200-4000m • Subalpinetum stage consists of Juniperus nana (bushes), Rhododendron afghanicum (namir), and others. • Alpinetum stage doesn’t have trees, but it does have some other plants such as grasses which make summer pa ...
... 12- Subalpinetum and Alpinetum stages • These stages are on the elevation of 3200-4000m • Subalpinetum stage consists of Juniperus nana (bushes), Rhododendron afghanicum (namir), and others. • Alpinetum stage doesn’t have trees, but it does have some other plants such as grasses which make summer pa ...
Preview
... Conservation areas in the FSC - 5 % of the ownership must be set aside for conservation purposes. Land that has been transformed into a nature reserve and where the owner has received economical compensation may not be included in the 5 %. Conservation areas are also termed set-asides. Woodland key ...
... Conservation areas in the FSC - 5 % of the ownership must be set aside for conservation purposes. Land that has been transformed into a nature reserve and where the owner has received economical compensation may not be included in the 5 %. Conservation areas are also termed set-asides. Woodland key ...
Premature decline of Eucalyptus and altered ecosystem processes
... landscape, low fire frequency is associated with the presence of rain forest, intermediate fire frequency is associated with eucalypt forest and high fire frequency is associated with button grass plain. A shift in mean fire frequency induces shifts (ecological drift) in vegetation composition and s ...
... landscape, low fire frequency is associated with the presence of rain forest, intermediate fire frequency is associated with eucalypt forest and high fire frequency is associated with button grass plain. A shift in mean fire frequency induces shifts (ecological drift) in vegetation composition and s ...
Forest vegetation in western Romania in relation to climate variables
... prevailing tree species of mesic forests across about two thirds of Central Europe. It is highly competitive and tolerates a wide range of abiotic (climate and soil) conditions (Ellenberg & Leuschner 2010). Climate change is, however, expected to increasingly affect the species composition of Centra ...
... prevailing tree species of mesic forests across about two thirds of Central Europe. It is highly competitive and tolerates a wide range of abiotic (climate and soil) conditions (Ellenberg & Leuschner 2010). Climate change is, however, expected to increasingly affect the species composition of Centra ...
RR handout packet - Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative
... Influence of aggregated overstory retention on regeneration and biodiversity in aspen-dominated forests Miranda Curzon*; Anthony W. D'Amato, University of Vermont; Brian J. Palik, USFS Northern Research Station; and Christel C. Kern, USFS Northern Research Station Variable‐retention harvesting and ...
... Influence of aggregated overstory retention on regeneration and biodiversity in aspen-dominated forests Miranda Curzon*; Anthony W. D'Amato, University of Vermont; Brian J. Palik, USFS Northern Research Station; and Christel C. Kern, USFS Northern Research Station Variable‐retention harvesting and ...
Dispersal of seeds by frugivorous animals in temperate forests
... Arboreal but nonvolant fruit-eaters include animals that seldom descend to the ground to forage, and include some primates and Carnivora in the tropics, and perhaps some lizards there and in New Zealand. They are not represented, to my knowledge, in either North America or Chile, despite the presenc ...
... Arboreal but nonvolant fruit-eaters include animals that seldom descend to the ground to forage, and include some primates and Carnivora in the tropics, and perhaps some lizards there and in New Zealand. They are not represented, to my knowledge, in either North America or Chile, despite the presenc ...
Forest restoration, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning R E V I E W
... A biological community is a group of organisms that interact and share an environment. Within a community, organisms may compete for the same resources (competition), profit from the presence of other organisms (facilitation) [38,39] or use other organisms as a food source (trophic interaction) [35] ...
... A biological community is a group of organisms that interact and share an environment. Within a community, organisms may compete for the same resources (competition), profit from the presence of other organisms (facilitation) [38,39] or use other organisms as a food source (trophic interaction) [35] ...
Taiga - FOSSweb
... Waste products from mining and development may pollute the land and water. Industrial contaminants from around the world have accumulated in taiga food webs. These contaminants along with naturally occurring substances, such as some metals and radioactive material, are transported in by wind and rai ...
... Waste products from mining and development may pollute the land and water. Industrial contaminants from around the world have accumulated in taiga food webs. These contaminants along with naturally occurring substances, such as some metals and radioactive material, are transported in by wind and rai ...
Lack of natural control mechanisms increases wildlife–forestry
... levels have also been affected such as decreasing songbird diversity (McShea and Rappole 2000; deCalesta 1994) and small mammal communities (Healy and Brooks 1988; Smit et al. 2001). Finally, increasing deer numbers cause economical damage to forest plantations enhancing the conflict between forestr ...
... levels have also been affected such as decreasing songbird diversity (McShea and Rappole 2000; deCalesta 1994) and small mammal communities (Healy and Brooks 1988; Smit et al. 2001). Finally, increasing deer numbers cause economical damage to forest plantations enhancing the conflict between forestr ...
Forest for the Trees - Grand Valley State University
... diagram for Forest A, show students how they can measure the diameter of each tree (circle) with a cm-ruler. Tell them to measure each diameter in millimeters and to record their measurements on the basal area worksheet for the appropriate forest. Point out the millimeter-to-centimeter conversion fo ...
... diagram for Forest A, show students how they can measure the diameter of each tree (circle) with a cm-ruler. Tell them to measure each diameter in millimeters and to record their measurements on the basal area worksheet for the appropriate forest. Point out the millimeter-to-centimeter conversion fo ...
Forest for the Trees - Grand Valley State University
... diagram for Forest A, show students how they can measure the diameter of each tree (circle) with a cm-ruler. Tell them to measure each diameter in millimeters and to record their measurements on the basal area worksheet for the appropriate forest. Point out the millimeter-to-centimeter conversion fo ...
... diagram for Forest A, show students how they can measure the diameter of each tree (circle) with a cm-ruler. Tell them to measure each diameter in millimeters and to record their measurements on the basal area worksheet for the appropriate forest. Point out the millimeter-to-centimeter conversion fo ...
Chapter 18 Slide Show Notes
... • When these plants die, they add more nutrients to the soil. • This buildup is enough to support the growth of shrubs and trees. ...
... • When these plants die, they add more nutrients to the soil. • This buildup is enough to support the growth of shrubs and trees. ...
Forest
A forest is a large area of land covered with trees or other woody vegetation. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing and ecological function. According to the widely-used United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered an area of four billion hectares (15 million square miles) or approximately 30 percent of the world's land area in 2006.Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed across the globe. Forests account for 75% of the gross primary productivity of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass.Forests at different latitudes form distinctly different ecozones: boreal forests near the poles tend to consist of evergreens, while tropical forests near the equator tend to be distinct from the temperate forests at mid-latitude. The amount of precipitation and the elevation of the forest also affects forest composition.Human society and forests influence each other in both positive and negative ways. Forests provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as tourist attractions. Forests can also impose costs, affect people's health, and interfere with tourist enjoyment. Human activities, including harvesting forest resources, can negatively affect forest ecosystems.