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Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative
2016 Forestry & Wildlife
Research Review
Aday‐longsymposium:
TuesdayJanuary12,2016
8:45am–3:45pm
CloquetForestryCenterinCloquet,MN
1
Table of Contents
Agenda.........................................................................................................................................................................................3 WelcomeandOverview........................................................................................................................................................4 Block1:Silviculture................................................................................................................................................................5 Influenceofaggregatedoverstoryretentiononregenerationandbiodiversityinaspen‐
dominatedforests...............................................................................................................................................................5 Extrapolating50yearsofnativeplantcommunitysamplingtoinformforestmanagement
planning..................................................................................................................................................................................6 TheGreatLakesSilvicultureLibrary:Intelligenttinkering,shared.......................................................7 Thinningreducesvulnerabilityofredpinegrowthtodrought......................................................................8 Buildingpartnershipandresolvingconflict:PreliminaryanalysisofperspectivesfromUSFS
tribalrelationsprogrammanagers.............................................................................................................................9 Block2:Wildlife.....................................................................................................................................................................10 SuperiorNationalForest'sCanadalynxDNAdatabase.............................................................................10 Summerbatsurvey,monitoringandresearchinMinnesota2013‐2015.........................................10 UnderstandingthemoosedeclineinnortheasternMinnesota.....................................................................11 Assessingmoosebrowsingpatterns........................................................................................................................12 RecentResearchonMinnesotaForestBirds.........................................................................................................13 Block3:Other..........................................................................................................................................................................14 Post‐fireforestfloorfireseverityindexrelationshipswithforestfloorandsoilcarbon,
nitrogenandmercurypools:Issuesofscale.........................................................................................................14 Naturalresourcemanagers’perceptionsofforestlandparcelizationtrends,drivers,andimpacts
intheLakeStates..............................................................................................................................................................15 Biomassdry‐down:Fuelbenefitsandsiteimpacts............................................................................................16 Managementimplicationsforprivateforestlandwhentherearemultipleowners.....................17 IdentifyingandpreservingHeritageForestStandsthroughtree‐ringrecords:Acasestudyoffire
historyandculturally‐modifiedtreesintheBoundaryWatersCanoeAreaWilderness...................18 Block4:Insects&Invasives..............................................................................................................................................19 AssessingtheacarologicalriskofhumanexposuretotickbornepathogensinMinnesota..............19 AnewresearchcenterattheUniversityofMinnesotaonterrestrialinvasivespecies......................20 Dispersalcapacityoflateinstargypsymothlarvae(Lymantriadispar)andimplicationsforwood
productsmovement.........................................................................................................................................................21 Attendees..................................................................................................................................................................................22 Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................................................................27 SFECMemberorganizationsfor2015‐2016..............................................................................................................28 KeepinginTouch...................................................................................................................................................................28 2
Agenda
2016 Forestry and Wildlife Research Review
January12,2016from8:45am–3:45pm,CloquetForestryCenter
8:15am
Check‐inopens
8:45am
Welcome and agenda review
EliSagor,UMN‐SFEC
9:00am
Block 1: Silviculture
‐Influenceofaggregatedoverstoryretentiononregeneration
andbiodiversityinaspen‐dominatedforests
‐Extrapolating50yearsofnativeplantcommunitysampling
toinformforestmanagementplanning
‐TheGreatLakesSilvicultureLibrary
‐Thinningreducesvulnerabilityofredpinegrowthto
drought
‐Buildingpartnershipandresolvingconflict:Preliminary
analysisofperspectivesfromUSFStribalrelations
programmanagers
10:15am Breakandpostersession
Blosdk
‐MirandaCurzon,UMN
‐DavidWilson,UMN‐
FR
‐EliSagor,UMN‐SFEC
‐BrianPalik,USFS‐NRS
‐MikeDockry,USFS‐
NRS
10:45am Block 2: Wildlife
‐SuperiorNationalForest'sCanadalynxDNAdatabaseand
Summerbatsurvey,monitoringandresearchinMinnesota
2013‐2015
‐UnderstandingthemoosedeclineinnortheasternMinnesota
‐Assessingmoosebrowsingpatterns
‐RecentResearchonMinnesotaForestBirds
Block
‐TimCatton,USFS–
SuperiorNF
‐GlennDelGiudice,MN
DNR
‐ChristinaMaley,1854
TreatyAuthority
‐JerryNiemi,UMD‐
NRRI
Noon
Lunchandpostersession
1:00pm
Block 3: Other
‐Post‐fireforestfloorfireseverityindexrelationshipswith
forestfloorandsoilcarbon,nitrogen&mercurypools
‐Naturalresourcemanagers’perceptionsofforestland
parcelizationtrends,drivers,andimpactsintheLake
States
‐Biomassdry‐down:Fuelbenefitsandsiteimpacts
‐Managementimplicationsforprivateforestlandwhenthere
aremultipleowners
‐IdentifyingandpreservingHeritageForestStandsthrough
tree‐ringrecords
Breakandpostersession
Block
‐RandyKolka,USFS‐
NRS
‐MikeKilgore,UMN‐FR
‐BradJones,ICC
‐StephanieSnyder,
USFS‐NRS
‐EvanLarson,UW‐
Platteville
Block 4: Insects & Invasives
‐Assessingtheacarologicalriskofhumanexposureto
tickbornepathogensinMinnesota
‐AnewresearchcenterattheUniversityofMinnesotaon
terrestrialinvasivespecies
‐Dispersalcapacityoflateinstargypsymothlarvae
(Lymantriadispar)andimplicationsforwoodproducts
movement
Adjourn
crud
‐JennaBjork,MDH
‐RobVenette,UMN
‐RachaelNicoll,UMN
2:15pm
2:45pm
3:45pm
denotesaLightningTalk‐‐visitthepostersessiontolearnmore.
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Welcome and Overview
WelcometoSFEC’s12thAnnualForestryandWildlifeResearchReview!
TheResearchReviewisdesignedtoofferrapid‐fireoverviewsofabroadcross‐sectionofactive,
currentresearchrelevanttoMinnesotalandmanagers.Thisyear’stopicsrunfrombatstobrowse,
lynxtolandparcelization,tickstoterrestrialinvasives,leavetreestoLymantria,biomasstothe
BoundaryWatersandbeyond.We’vegotaterrificgroupofspeakersandhopeyouenjoythe
program.
Five‐minute“LightningTalks”aredesignedforposterpresenterstobrieflydiscusstheirwork,
enticingyoutovisitthepostersessionforthefullstory.Wehavetakenyoursuggestionsto
disperseLightningTalksthroughoutthedaytoallowmoreopportunitiesforfollow‐upduring
postersessions.You’llfindthepostersandtheirpresentersintheStineRoom.
Asaneducationalcooperative,SFEC’sjobistodeliverprogramstohelpyoucontinuallyimprove
thequalityofyourlandmanagementactivities.Wetakeyourinputveryseriously.Pleaseusethe
confidentialevaluationformtoshareyourcontinuingeducationneedsandtomakesuggestionsfor
nextyear’sResearchRevieworanyotherevent.
Thankyouforbeingheretoday.Wehopeyoufindthisyear’sResearchReviewbothfunand
informative,andwehopetoseeyouatotherSFECeventsthisyear.
‐EliSagorandJulieHendrickson
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Block 1: Silviculture
Influence of aggregated overstory retention on regeneration and biodiversity in
aspen-dominated forests
MirandaCurzon*;AnthonyW.D'Amato,UniversityofVermont;BrianJ.Palik,USFSNorthern
ResearchStation;andChristelC.Kern,USFSNorthernResearchStation
Variable‐retentionharvestingandtheadaptationofconventionalsilviculturalsystemstoinclude
reservedmaturetreesareincreasinglybeingusedtobalanceproductivityobjectiveswith
biodiversityconservation.Usingtwooperational‐scalestudiesthatincludeatotalofsevensites
dominatedbyquakingaspen,weinvestigatedtheinfluenceofretainedoverstoryaggregates(0.25
acresinsizeperguidelinesdevelopedbytheMinnesotaForestResourcesCouncil)onregeneration
insurroundingareas2and12yearspost‐harvest.Sitesassociatedwitheachstudywereharvested
duringwinterin2010and2000,respectively,andsamplingoccurredin2012.Initial(2year)
understoryspeciescompositionandmicroenvironmentconditionswithinaggregateswere
intermediatebetweenintactforestandclearcutsasexpected.Aggregatesdidnotreduceinitial
regenerationdensitiesofquakingaspenorothertreespeciesinimmediatelysurrounding
harvestedareas(within16ft)relativetoopenconditions.Observationsfrom12yearspost‐harvest
alsosuggestaggregateshadnonegativeimpactonstemdensityortotalwoodybiomasswhereas
intactforestreducedvaluesforbothvariablesuptoadistanceof16ftintoharvests.Overall,our
resultssuggestthatsmall,0.25acreaggregatesachievesomeecologicalobjectiveswithout
negativelyimpactingregeneration.
*UniversityofMinnesota
[email protected]/612‐625‐6989
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Extrapolating 50 years of native plant community sampling to inform forest
management planning
DavidWilson*;AlanEk,UMNDept.ofForestResources
Interesthasgrownintheuseoffundamentalecologicalinformationtoguidethedevelopmentand
selectionofmanagementoptionsforforestedstandsandlandscapes.Thedesiretousedetailedsite
descriptiondata,ecologicalclassifications,andtheirinter‐relationshipsintheplanningprocesspre‐
supposesknowledgeofthecomposition,distribution,andsuccessionalstateofplantcommunities
comprisingthelocalandbio‐regionalecosystems.Unfortunately,suchknowledgeisnotcurrently
availablewiththelevelofdetailneededtomaketimelymanagementdecisionsforharvest
scheduling,wildlifehabitat,biodiversity,andothervalues.However,thisgapmayberesolvedby
leveragingwhatwedoknowaboutnativeplantcommunity(NPC)distributionwithrespectto
relevantsitecharacteristics.
Thecurrentresearchfocusesonusingthephysicalandbioticconditionsdefininggrowingspaceto
systematicallyidentifyassociationsbetweenNPCsandvarioussitecharacteristics.Thisprocess
employstechniquessimilartothoseusedintheMNDNRnativeplantsamplingprogram,andis
informedby23,751NPCobservationscollectedbetween1964and2013byMNDNR,combined
withforestinventoryandadditionalphysiographicdata.Uniqueassociationsofherbaceousplants
arethoughttooccurinconjunctionwithspecificsetsoftreesonsiteswithsimilarsoils,
physiography,moisture,anddisturbanceregimes.Itisthejointdependenceoftreesand
herbaceousspeciesontheseabioticfactors,andonlandscape‐scaledisturbanceregimes,which
enablestheimputationprocessdevelopedbytheauthortofunction.Methodsemployedinclude
datamining,multiplecorrespondenceanalysis,andhierarchicalclustering,aswellastechniques
developedbytheauthortoidentifylikelyassociations.
*UniversityofMinnesotaDepartmentofForestResources
[email protected]/612‐624‐2202
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The Great Lakes Silviculture Library: Intelligent tinkering, shared
EliSagor*
Everysilviculturaltreatmentisanexperiment.Buttoooftennewinsightsfromthisinformal
researcharelosttothelargercommunitywhenlandmanagersretire,moveon,orsimplylacka
waytosharetheirwork.
Wehavecreatedanewonlineresourcedesignedtoarchivetheresultsofinnovativeandinteresting
silviculturetreatmentsfromacrosstheLakesStates.Weinvitelandmanagerstocontributecases
fromtheirownworkortheworkoftheirpredecessors,particularlywhenthatworkhelpsto
answerquestionsrelevanttootherlandmanagers.Publishedcasestudiesneednotincludepeer‐
reviewed,replicatedresearch–simplywell‐documentedeverydaysilviculture.
TheSilvicultureLibraryisafreeweb‐basedarchiveofreal‐world,actualsilviculturetreatments
fromMinnesota,Wisconsin,Michigan,andOntario,contributedbylandmanagers.Eachcase
includesdescriptiveinfoaboutthesite,silvicultureobjective,silvicultureprescription,what
actuallyhappenedduringthetreatment,andwhatwaslearnedfromit,alongwithphotos.Some
havesupplementalreports,documents,andlinks.And,importantly,eachcasehastheauthor’s
nameandcontactinformationtoenableconnectionswithothersengagedinsimilarsilviculture
work.Publishedcasescanbevaluableresourcesforlandmanagersconsideringsilvicultural
options.
TheLibraryisathttp://silvlib.cfans.umn.edu/
*UMNSustainableForestsEducationCooperative,CloquetForestryCenter
[email protected]/218‐409‐6115
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Thinning reduces vulnerability of red pine growth to drought
BrianPalik*;AlessandraBottero,UniversityofMinnesota;AnthonyD’Amato,Universityof
Vermont;JohnBradford,USGS;ShawnFraver,UniversityofMaine
Reducingtreedensitiesthroughthinninghasbeenadvocatedasastrategyforenhancingresistance
andresilienceoftreegrowthtodrought,yetfewempiricalevaluationsofthisapproachexist.We
examineddetaileddendrochronologicaldatafromtwolong‐term(50and65years)replicated
thinningexperimentstodetermineifdensityreductionsconferredgreaterresistanceand/or
resiliencetodroughts,assessedbythemagnitudeofstandlevelgrowthreductions.Ourresults
suggestthatthinninggenerallyenhanceddroughtresistanceandresilience;however,this
relationshipvariedsomewhatwithstandage.Theseresultsconfirmthepotentialofdensity
managementtomoderatedroughtimpactsongrowth,andtheyhighlighttheimportanceof
accountingforstandstructurewhenpredictingclimate‐changeimpactstoforests.
*USDAForestServiceNorthernResearchStation
[email protected]/218‐326‐7116
8
Building partnership and resolving conflict: Preliminary analysis of
perspectives from USFS tribal relations program managers
MichaelDockry*;SophiaGuttermanѱ;andMaeDavenport,UniversityofMinnesota
AmericanIndiantribeshaveinherentrightstoNationalForestlandandresourcesoriginatingin
treaties,theUSconstitution,andcaselaw.ThisincludesbutisnotlimitedtotheuseofUSFSlands
forhuntingandgathering,spiritualandreligiousceremonies,andaccesstosacredsites.These
rightsrequiregovernment‐to‐governmentconsultationbetweeneachtribeandtheUSFStobest
assessandmeettheneedsandrightsoftribeswithregardstoUSFSmanagedlands.Alongwith
governmentmandatedconsultation,theForestServiceseekstocreateopportunitiestoworkin
collaborationandpartnershipwithtribalnationstomanageland.Despitebesteffortstocollaborate
andcommunicate,theinherentintricaciesoftribal‐federalrelationshipsanddifferencesinland
managementpracticescanleadtoconflict.Tominimizeconflictsandfulfilltheirlegal
responsibilitiestotribes,theUSFSbuildslong‐termrelationshipswithtribesandemploys
environmentalconflictresolutiontoreachsolutions.Thisposterusesqualitativeresearchmethods
toanalyzesemi‐structuredinterviewswithUSFStriballiaisonsthroughouttheEasternRegionto
understandtheirperspectivesontheirjobs,USFSmandates,andstrategiestheyusetobuild
partnershipsandresolveconflictswithAmericanIndiantribes.
*USFSNorthernResearchStationandUniversityofMinnesota
[email protected]/651‐649‐5163
ѱUniversityofMinnesotaUndergraduateHonorStudent,ForestResourcesDepartment
[email protected]
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Block 2: Wildlife
Superior National Forest's Canada lynx DNA database
TimCatton*;DanRyan,SuperiorNationalForest;DaveGrosshuesch,SuperiorNationalForest;and
SteveLoch,PrivateResearcher
Snowtrackingandothermethodsusedtoobtaingeneticsampleshaveconfirmedpresenceof
Canadalynx(Lynxcanadensis)acrossnortheasternMinnesotasinceDecember2000.In2008the
SuperiorNationalForestcreated,andcontinuestomaintain,adatabaseofgeneticallyconfirmed
Canadalynxtodocumenttheiroccurrence,persistenceandreproductioninMinnesota.The
currentdatabasecontains1,306samplesthathavebeensubmittedtotheUSDAForestService
RockyMountainResearchStation’sNationalGenomicsLaboratoryforWildlifeandFish
ConservationforDNAtesting.MitochondrialDNAanalysishasidentified1,039ofthem(79.6%)as
lynx.NuclearDNAanalysishasdetermined268uniquelynxgenotypes,129female(47.9%),138
male(51.3%)and1ofundeterminablesex.Additionally,thedatabasecontains42samplesthat
havebeenidentifiedasF1lynx‐bobcathybrids.Thereare13uniquelynx‐bobcathybridgenotypes,
5femaleand8male.Since2011,21familygroupshavebeenidentifiedproducing50kittensthat
survivedtothewinterfollowingtheirbirth.Ofthe236individualsthatwerenotoriginally
detectedasaresultofamortality,51(21.6%)areknowntohavepersistedintoasecondyear,the
longestovera6yearperiod,afemale.
Summer bat survey, monitoring and research in Minnesota 2013-2015
TimCatton*;USDAForestService‐ChippewaandSuperiorNFs;MinnesotaDept.ofNatural
Resources;UniversityofMN‐DuluthNaturalResourcesResearchInstitute
BatpopulationsintheeasternUnitedStateshavebeendecimatedbywhite‐nosesyndrome(WNS),
adiseasecausedbythefungusPseudogymnoascusdestructans(Pd)thatleadstoincreasedwinter
activityandextremelyhighmortalityratesofhibernatingbats.InApril2015,theU.S.Fishand
WildlifeServicelistedthenorthernlong‐earedbat(Myotisseptentrionalis;MYSEorNLEB)as
“threatened”underthefederalEndangeredSpeciesActduetotheimpactofWNS.Obtaining
knowledgeaboutnorthernlong‐earedbatsummerhabitatuseanddistributionbeforeapopulation
declineoccursinMinnesotawillbecriticalinformationforconservationofthespeciesinthestate.
Bothmobile(driving)andpassive(stationary)acousticsurveyshavebeenconductedtohelp
documentspeciespresence,distribution,populationtrendsandresponsestoWNS.Acoustic
surveysforbatshavebeenconductedsince2005.Mist‐nettingandtransmitterdeploymentbegan
in2013.Todatewehavecaptured370batsrepresenting6ofthe7speciesofbatthatoccurin
Minnesota.Forty‐fivetransmittershavebeendeployedonMyotidbats(38NLEBs,7littlebrown
bats)and114rooststructureshavebeenidentified.Thisworkhasledtothecurrentstate‐wide
researchproject“EndangeredBats,White‐NoseSyndromeandForestHabitat”whichisfundedby
Minnesota’sEnvironmentalandNaturalResourcesTrustFundinto2017.
*USDAForestService,SuperiorNationalForest
[email protected]/218‐626‐4376
10
Understanding the moose decline in northeastern Minnesota
GlennD.DelGiudice*;MichelleCarstensen,WildlifeHealthProgram,MNDNR;WilliamJ.Severud,
DepartmentofFisheries,Wildlife,andConservationBiology,UMN
AccordingtotheState's2015MooseSurvey,thenortheasternmoosepopulationcontinuesto
exhibitaconsistentdecliningtrend.Thepointestimatewas3,450(2,610‐4,77095%CL),whichis
61%lowerthanin2006(8,840moose).Researchsince2003hasshownthatalowaverageannual
adultsurvivalrateof80%(20%mortalityrate)hashadthegreatestnegativeimpact.Arecent
studyofGPS‐collaredadultmoosedocumentedsurvivalratesof81%,88%,and91%from2013to
2015,respectively,with39%ofthemortalitybeingwolf‐relatedand61%health‐related.Ourcalf
studyisshowingthatsignificantdecreasingcalfproduction(57%since2006)andannual
recruitmentalsoaredepressingthepopulation'sgrowthrate.Wolfandblackbearpredation
accountforthegreatestpercentageoftotalcalfmortality,40%occurringby30daysofage.
Additionally,ourwinterphysiologicalassessmentsofmooseareshowingthatseverenutritional
restrictioniscloselytrackingthemoosedeclineandthewinterandwinter‐summermortalityrates
oftheGPS‐collaredmoose.Wearenowinvestigatingpotentialrelationshipsofourwinter
nutritionalrestrictionfindingstoforestdisturbanceandotheraspectsofhabitatacrossthemoose
rangelandscape.
*ForestWildlifePopulations&ResearchGroup,MNDNR
[email protected]/651‐296‐0702
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Assessing moose browsing patterns
ChristinaMaley*
Mooseforaginghabitatiscreatedbyshearing,timberharvest,prescribedburns,windstormsand
forestfires.Wehavemeasuredacombined229moosehabitatrestorationsitesinspring(winter
browse)andfall(summerbrowse)since2013.Browseuseandavailabilityweremeasuredateach
site.Datawascollectedon13commonspecieseatenbymooseinMinnesota.Atypicalsite
contained7ofthese13species.Aspen(27%),beakedhazel(22%),andpaperbirch(12%)werethe
mostabundantspeciesavailable.Thesespecieswerebrowsedlessthantheiravailability,butthey
werebrowsedmostheavilyinabsolutetermsandareimportantforagespecies.Conversely,maple
species,red‐osierdogwoodandmountainasharelesscommon,butwerebrowsedatthehighest
percentages,22.4%,16.1%,and14.5%,respectively.
Suggestedforestrymanagementstrategieswouldincludegainsinregeneratingbirch,northern
hardwoods,suchasmaplespecies,anduplandbrushspeciesatheightslessthan3meters.Although
notopposedtoaspenregenerationasamanagementgoalthatprovidestimberbenefitsandmoose
forage,itistheaspenstandsalsorichinadditionalforagespeciesthataremostbeneficialtomoose.
Silviculturetreatmentsthatachieveanunevenagedstand,greaterthan80acres,withahigh
speciesrichnesswouldultimatelybeadvised.
*1854TreatyAuthority
[email protected]/218‐722‐8907
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Recent Research on Minnesota Forest Birds
Gerald'Jerry'Niemi*;AlexisGrinde,EdmundZlonis,AnnieBracey,andJoshBednar,Natural
ResourcesResearchInstitute,UMN‐Duluth
Recently,Minnesotahasseenasubstantialreductioninloggingactivity.Duringthisperiodwehave
beenmonitoringbreedingbirdpopulationsfor74birdspeciesintwoofMinnesota’snational
forestsfor21years(1995‐2015).Inthesetwonationalforestscombined,7specieshaveincreasing
trendswhile9havebeendecreasing.Themajorityofspecieshavebeenstablebutmanyhave
widelyfluctuatingpopulations.Mostbirdguildanalyseshaveindicatedsignificantincreasing
trendsineachnationalforestandregionally,butbirdspeciesassociatedwithearly‐successional
habitatshavenotbeenincreasing;apatternconsistentwithreductionsinharvestlevels.Thebird
monitoringprogramprovideawealthofdataovertimetoanalyzeforest‐relatedquestionsof
managementinteresttobirdsincludingtheeffectsofhabitatandclimatechange,interspecific
interactions,andlandscapeinfluences.Wepresentseveralexamplesofmultipleeffectsonseveral
birdspeciesofconcerninMinnesotaforestssuchastheGolden‐winged,Connecticut,andCanada
Warbler.
*BiologyandNaturalResourcesResearchInstitute,UniversityofMinnesota‐Duluth
[email protected]/218‐788‐2670
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Block 3: Other
Post-fire forest floor fire severity index relationships with forest floor and soil
carbon, nitrogen and mercury pools: Issues of scale
RandyKolka*;BrianSturtevant,USDAForestServiceNorthernResearchStation;JessicaMiesel,
MichiganStateUniversity;PhilTownsend,UniversityofWisconsin;PeterWolter,IowaState
University;ShawnFraver,UniversityofMaine;TomDeSutter,NorthDakotaStateUniversity
Althoughweknowfireleadstocombustionofforestfloorandmineralsoilorganicmatterand
lossesofelements,littleresearchhasassessedhowfireseverityinfluencespost‐firepoolsofthose
elements.Ifwecanrelatefireseverityindiceswithchangesinsoilelementalpools,fireseveritycan
beusedasasurrogatetoevaluateC,NandHgemissionspostfire.Weusedforestfloorfireseverity
indicesbothaggregatedattheplotscaleandindividualmeasurementsatthesubplotscalewhere
soilsweresampled,toassessourabilitytopredictelementallossesfollowingthe2011Pagami
CreekFireinnorthernMinnesota.Wesampledforestflooranduppermineralsoilssoonafterfire
andagainafteronegrowingseason.Duringthefirstsamplingwecomparefireseverityindicesand
forestfloorandmineralsoilC,N,andHgaggregatedattheplotscale.Duringthesecondsampling
weassessedfireseverityandmeasuredforestfloorandmineralsoilC,N,andHgatthesubplot
scale.Ourresultsindicatethataggregatingattheplotscaledoesnotdifferentiateamongforest
floorfireseveritycategories.Differencesinelementpoolswhereonlyfoundbetweenburnedand
unburnedplots.However,assessingforestfloorfireseverityatthesubplotscaleandrelatingit
directlytotheforestfloorandmineralsoilsamplestakenatthatscaleexplainmuchmore
variabilityintherelationshipbetweenforestfloorfireseverityandpostfireelementpools.
*USDAForestServiceNorthernResearchStation
[email protected]/218‐326‐7115
14
Natural resource managers’ perceptions of forest land parcelization trends,
drivers, and impacts in the Lake States
MichaelKilgore*;StephanieSnyder,USDA‐ForestService,NorthernResearchStation
Forestlandparcelizationisviewedasapotentialthreattomaintainingtheproductivityand
viabilityofprivateforeststhroughouttheUnitedStates.Naturalresourceprofessionalssuchas
forestersandwildlifemanagerswhoworkinpredominantlyforestedlandscapeshaveunique,field‐
basedperspectivesandinsightsonforestlandparcelization(e.g.,parcelizationdrivers,impacts,
trends)thatcanbeimportanttoresearchersandpolicy‐makers.Additionally,thoseworkingfor
publicresourcemanagementorganizationscanofferdistinctperspectivesonhowprivateforest
landparcelizationactivityisaffectingormayaffectthemanagement,use,andprotectionofpublic
forestlands.Usinganinternet‐basedsurvey,morethan250field‐basedpublicnaturalresource
managersintheLakeStatesprovidedinformationontheirfamiliaritywithparcelization,perceived
parcelizationtrendsintheirworkarea,perspectivesonimportantdriversofparcelization,
potentialoutcomesassociatedwithaparcelizedlandscape,parcelizationimpactsonpublicland
management,andstrategiesforpreventingorslowingtherateofparcelization.Theyalsoranked
fouruniqueforestlandownershippatternsaccordingtotheirperceptionsofhoweachownership
patternimpactsthreeforestresources:timberproduction,wildlifehabitat,andforestrecreation.
Selectedsurveyresultshighlightingnaturalresourcemanagerperspectivesonforestland
parcelizationtrends,drivers,andimpactstoprivateandpublicforestswillbediscussed.
*ForestResourcesDept,UMN
[email protected]/612‐624‐6298
15
Biomass dry-down: Fuel benefits and site impacts
BradJones*
Overthepastseveralyears,Europeanmodelsforrenewablefuelhavedrawnconsiderable
attention.Sweden,Germany,AustriaandSwitzerlandhavemademajorcommitmentstobecome
reliantonrenewablefuelforthemajorityoftheirpowerandheatingneeds.Forthepast30years,
thesecountrieshavebeenconductingresearchdesignedtorefinetechniquesforintegrating
renewablesintothemainstream.Thisproject,fundedbytheUSDepartmentofAgriculturethrough
theFondduLacBandofLakeSuperiorChippewa,isdesignedtodemonstrateEuropeanmodelsfor
inwoodsdryingofbiomassfuelsandutilizethesefuelsasathermalenergysourceinmodernpellet
appliances.Theprojectevaluatesthefinancialandenvironmentalimpactsofin‐woodsdryingand
willusetheresultstoevaluatetribalandstatecontractingpractices,supplychainlogisticsandlegal
barriers,andmakerecommendationsforoptimizingvalue‐chainefficiencyinthestateandregion.
Thispresentationwilldiscusstheresultsoffueldryingandtheimpactonloggingeconomics,as
wellaspreliminarydataonthesiteimpactoflong‐termstorageofwoodybiomassintheforest.
*ItascaCommunityCollege
[email protected]/218‐322‐2354
16
Management implications for private forestland when there are multiple
owners
StephanieSnyder*;MikeKilgore,UniversityofMinnesotaDept.ofForestResources
Whenaparcelofforestlandisjointlyheldbymultipleowners,isthatabarriertoforest
management?Previousresearchhasfoundthatwhenagriculturallandisjointlyheldbymultiple
co‐owners,suchlandsmayoftengounmanaged,beabandoned,partitioned,orforcedintosale.
Multi‐personownershipofforestedparcelsmaycomplicatetheabilitytoundertakeactivitiessuch
asharvestinggiventhatallownersmustsignacontractaswellasprovideproofofownership.
Moreover,forestedparcelswithlargenumbersofownersmaynotqualifyforloansorassistance
programsduetopotentialdifficultiesingettingallownerstoagreetotheconditionsoftheprogram
and/orinprovidingcleartitletotheland.Whileanecdotalevidenceofsuchimpactshasbeen
offeredintheliterature,thesefindingshavenotbeenrigorouslytestedordemonstratedonabroad
scale.Weundertookastudyutilizinganationaldatasetofinformationonprivateforest
landowners,theNationalWoodlandOwnerSurvey,whichisadministeredbytheFIAprogramof
theUSForestService.TheNWOSdataallowedustoexaminewhetherforestmanagement
behaviorsandintentionsonprivateforestlandsmaydifferwithincreasingnumbersofowners.We
alsoexaminedhowforestlandownershipstructuresandlandownerdecision‐makingnetworksare
relatedtopastpracticesandfutureintentions.Contrarytopreviousfindings,ourresearchsuggests
thathavingagreaternumberofownersneednotnecessarilyreducethelikelihoodofactivitiessuch
asharvestingorwildlifehabitatimprovement.
*NorthernResearchStation,USForestService
[email protected]/651‐649‐5294
17
Identifying and preserving Heritage Forest Stands through tree-ring records: A
case study of fire history and culturally-modified trees in the Boundary Waters
Canoe Area Wilderness
EvanLarson*;KurtF.Kipfmueller,UniversityofMinnesota;LaneB.Johnson,Universityof
Wisconsin‐Platteville
Weassessedthefirehistory,agestructure,andculturaluseofsitesacrosstheprimaryforestsof
theBoundaryWatersCanoeAreaWildernessinordertobetterunderstandtheroleofpeopleinthe
historicalfireregimesofthislandscapeandhowhumanactivitiesofthepastmaypersistinthe
forestsoftoday.Ourresultsincludeover400yearsofdetailedfirehistory,forestinventorydatafor
31stands,andtheidentificationof28siteswhereculturally‐modifiedtreesprovidedirectevidence
ofpastlanduse.BasedonthesedataweproposetheconceptofHeritageStandsthatcouldbe
targetedforrestorationorspecialmanagementconsiderationinordertoactivelymanage
culturally‐influencedforestsitesthatembodytheessenceofwilderness.Ourresearchhighlights
thevalueofnaturalareasasecologicalbaselinesandhowresearchfromwithinwildernesscan
informmanagementbeyonditsborders.Themethodsweemployedareapplicableacrossallforest
systems,andthoughpastlandusemayhavereducedtheexistenceofsiteswarrantingheritage
consideration,wepresentinformationonlandscapeswheresuchsitesmaystillexist.Direct
managementimplicationsfromthisworkrangefromthedocumentationandmappingofthese
standstotheexplicittailoringofprescribedfireprogramstoincorporatetheuniquehistoryofsuch
sitesintheirmanagementandthepotentialofactivemanagementwithinwildernessareas.Efforts
toidentifyHeritageStandsthroughouttheforestsoftheUpperMidwestcouldhelpinformsite‐
specificmanagementactivitieswhilepreservingtheculturalandnaturalhistoryoftheregion.
*UniversityofWisconsin‐Platteville
[email protected]/608‐342‐6139
18
Block 4: Insects & Invasives
Assessing the acarological risk of human exposure to tickborne pathogens in
Minnesota
JennaBjork*;DavidNeitzel,FrannyDorr,andElizabethSchiffman,MinnesotaDepartmentof
Health;TammiJohnsonandRebeccaEisen,CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention;SoniaKjos,
UniversityofMinnesota,Duluth;andJeanneMinnerath,SaintMary'sUniversityofMinnesota.
Ixodesscapularis,theblacklegged(deer)tick,istheprimaryvectorofseveralpathogenscausing
humandiseaseintheUnitedStates.Overthelasttwodecades,I.scapularis‐bornediseaseshave
increasedinincidenceaswellasgeographicdistribution.Usingexistingdataonblackleggedtick
presencepreviouslycollectedbytheMinnesotaDepartmentofHealth(MDH),theCentersfor
DiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)createdatickdistributionmodelthatpredictsareasthatare
ecologicallyconducivetothesurvivalofI.scapularis.Themajorobjectivesofthisstudywereto1)
developanacarologicalriskmodelforMinnesotathatcanbeusedtoidentifyareasofelevated
abundanceofhost‐seekingI.scapularisandareasoffutureexpansionand2)monitorI.scapularis
populationsfromAprilthroughOctoberatfourgeographicallydiverseregionsofthestateinan
efforttobetterunderstandthephenologyofticklifestagesinMinnesota.Intotal,80acarologysites
wererandomlyselectedbythemodelbasedonsuitablehabitatandpubliclandclassification;these
sitesweresampledtwiceinJune,duringtheanticipatedpeakquestingperiodofblackleggedtick
nymphs.Anadditionalfourphenologysiteswerechosenbytheresearcherstorepresentvarious
regionsofthestate;thesesitesweresampledbiweeklyfromAprilthroughNovember.Forallsites,
tickswerecollectedusingadistance‐basedsamplingmethodinwhichawhitecottonclothwas
draggedovertheground,coveringatotalareaof750m2persite.Preliminaryresultsindicatethat
5,754tickswerecollectedfrom80(95%)of84sitesvisitedin2015.Ofallthetickscollected,4,556
(79%)wereidentifiedasI.scapularisandatleastoneI.scapularistickwascollectedfrom73(87%)
of84sites.Anaverageof6.6(median3,range0‐77)nymphswerecollectedontransectpersite
visit.Datacollectionfromeachofthephenologysitesindicatedthatthepeaknymphalquesting
periodoccurredslightlylaterthanexpectedin2015,inlateJuneandearlyJulyinsteadofmid‐June.
Therefore,whilethenumbersofnymphsfoundquestingduringourstudyrepresentarelative
degreeofriskbetweensites,absolutetickdensityislikelyunderestimatedandsubjecttoseveral
limitations.Knowledgeofsuitabletickhabitat,includingcurrentlyestablishedandpotentially
emergingareas,aswellastickphenologyisimportantforguidingtickbornediseaseprevention
strategiesinMinnesota.
*MinnesotaDepartmentofHealth
[email protected]/651‐201‐5803
19
A new research center at the University of Minnesota on terrestrial invasive
species
RobertVenette*
Theinvasionsofnewinsects,diseases,andplantsintoMinnesotacontinuetopresentdifficult
challengestoforestmanagers.TheMinnesotaInvasiveTerrestrialPlantsandPestsCenterwas
recentlyestablishedattheUniversityofMinnesotatoresearchnewmethodstopreventor
minimizethesethreatstoMinnesotaforests,prairies,wetlands,andagriculture.Threeinitial
projectsfocusonconcernsinforestry.ThisbriefpresentationwillintroducetheCenter,itsinitial
priorities,andprogresstowardsrankingthetop120invasivespeciesthreatstoMinnesotalands.
*MinnesotaInvasiveTerrestrialPlantsandPestsCenter,UniversityofMinnesota
[email protected]/612‐301‐1405
20
Dispersal capacity of late instar gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar) and
implications for wood products movement
RachaelNicoll*;ScottMyers,USDAAPHIS‐PPQ;andBrianAukema,UniversityofMinnesota
Thegypsymoth(Lymantriadispar)isaninvasiveforestdefoliatorofover300treeandshrub
species,mostnotablyoakandaspen.Itsrangehasexpandedthroughoutthenortheasternregionof
theUnitedStatesandeasternCanadianprovincestoMidwesternandSoutheasternstatesprimarily
throughhumantransportation.Eggmasses,inparticular,arereadilyconveyedonwoodproducts.
Tomitigatespreadviawoodproducts,stateandfederalquarantinepoliciesrestrictmovementof
regulatedarticlessuchaslogsandfirewood.Woodmovementmitigationmeasuresincludea100‐
foothostvegetation‐freebufferzonesurroundinglogdeckstopreventinfestationoflogsand
adjacentforestbycrawlinggypsymothlarvae.However,nostudiesexistwhichevaluatethelong‐
distancedispersaloflateinstargypsymothlarvae,thedevelopmentalstagewiththegreatest
potentialformovementacrosstheground.Thedispersaloflateinstarlarvaemayreducethe
effectivenessofgypsymothcontainmentpoliciesasthelocationofpupationstronglyinfluencesthe
egg‐layingsiteoftheflightlessfemalegypsymoth.Insummer2015,wereleasedfourth,fifth,and
sixthinstargypsymothlarvaedailyforsixdaysatapapermilllumberyardandvisuallyassessed
theirdispersalcapacityover12hourswithharmonicradarsupplementation.Movementof20
percentofthelarvaesurpassedthebufferzonewidth,andthegreatestdispersaldistancewas
143.7feet.Theseresultsdemonstrateaneedtoevaluatethewoodproductsmovementrestrictions
ofthegypsymothquarantineaswellastheeffectivenessofalternativecontainmentmeasures.
*UniversityofMinnesota
[email protected]/651‐624‐7683
21
Attendees
ScottAbel
Bruce Anderson
RedLakeDNR
RedLakeMN
[email protected]
2187663826
MNDNR.WLDivision
CloquetMN
[email protected]
218‐879‐0880
TonyArola
RedLakeDNR
RedLakeMN
[email protected]
2182804055
Dave Arras
MNDNR
DuluthMN
[email protected]
218‐723‐4791
Penny Backman
MNDNR
InternationalFallsMN
[email protected]
218‐286‐5434
ChrisBalzer
MNDNR
CloquetMN
[email protected]
218‐878‐5665
Greg Bernu
CarltonCountyLandDepartment
CarltonMN
[email protected]
218‐384‐9179
Jan Bernu
TwoByForestry
CloquetMN
[email protected]
218‐879‐4433
BudBertschi
selfemployed
BrainerdMN
[email protected]
218‐820‐9640
Jenna Bjork
MNDepartmentofHealth
St.PaulMN
[email protected]
651‐201‐5803
Tom Bodell
LakeCountyForestry
TWOHARBORSMN
[email protected]
2188348340
PeterBundy
MasconomoForestry
MinneapolisMN
[email protected]
952‐380‐7793
Tim Catton
SuperiorNationalForest
DuluthMN
[email protected]
218‐626‐4376
Darion Cobenais
RedLakeDNR
RedLakeMN
[email protected]
2186791639
JenniferCorcoran
MNDNRForestry
StPaulMN
[email protected]
651‐259‐5898
Allissa Corrow
MNDNR
EffieMN
[email protected]
218‐743‐3694
Anne Coyle
MNDNR
InternationalFallsMN
[email protected]
218‐286‐5434
HelenCozzetto
MNDNR
ThiefRiverFallsMN
[email protected]
218‐681‐0889
Miranda Curzon
UniversityofMinnesota
SaintPaulMN
[email protected]
(612)625‐6989
Casey Dabrowski
KevinDahlman
CassCountyLandDepartment
BackusMN
[email protected]
218‐947‐3338
Glenn DelGiudice
MNDNR
ForestLakeMN
[email protected]
651‐296‐0702
Bob DeRoche
CompassForestryServices,LLC
CottonMN
[email protected]
2187307997
Brian Anderson
UniversityofMinnesota
St.PaulMN
[email protected]
6126264280
ItascaWoodlandServices,Inc.
NEVISMN
[email protected]
2182528572
22
Mike Dockry
USForestService
SaintPaulMN
[email protected]
651‐649‐5163
Scott Dowling
ItascaCountyLandDepartment
GrandRapidsMN
[email protected]
2183270673
NolanEck
RedLakeDNR
RedLakeMN
[email protected]
2185567577
Nate Eide
Alan Ek
LakeCountyForestry
TWOHARBORSMN
[email protected]
2188348340
UniversityofMinnesota
St.PaulMN
[email protected]
612‐624‐3098
DarinErickson
Jeff Fossen
RedLakeDNR
RedLakeMN
[email protected]
2187663826
Katie Frerker
MackGlasby
UniversityofMinnesota
St.PaulMN
[email protected]
6126264280
Stanley Grossman
Sophia Gutterman
ItascaWoodlandServices,Inc.
NEVISMN
[email protected]
2182528572
USForestService/UMN
SaintPaulMN
[email protected]
651‐649‐5163
WesHabedank
MNDNRForestry
FloodwoodMN
[email protected]
218‐476‐7022
Brooke Haworth
MNDNREWR
DuluthMN
[email protected]
651‐259‐5755
Anna Heruth
MNDNR
GrandMaraisMN
[email protected]
218‐387‐3037
LarryHimanga
MNDNR
lakecityMN
[email protected]
651‐259‐5277
Jeff Hines
MNDNR
GrandRapidsMN
[email protected]
2189997940
Justin Janssen
RedLakeDNR
RedLakeMN
[email protected]
2182098197
BradJones
Mike Kilgore
UniversityofMinnesota
St.PaulMN
[email protected]
612‐624‐6298
Joshua Koelsch
MNDNR
WillowRiverMN
[email protected]
218‐423‐6026
USFS
GrandRapidsMN
[email protected]
218‐326‐7115
Chuck Kramer
UMNCloquetForestryCenter
CloquetMN
[email protected]
218‐726‐6411
Evan Larson
UniversityofWisconsin‐Platteville
PlattevilleWI
[email protected]
608‐342‐6139
JeffLee
MinnesotaBiologicalSurvey/DNR
DuluthMN
[email protected]
218‐723‐4763
Quintin Legler
UPM‐BlandinPaperCo.
GrandRapidsMN
[email protected]
218‐327‐6304
Erik Lindquist
CassCountyLandDepartment
BackusMN
[email protected]
218‐947‐3338
TedDick
MNDNR
GrandRapidsMN
[email protected]
2189997870
UPMBlandin
GrandRapidsMN
[email protected]
320‐310‐9532
ItascaCommunityCollege
GrandRapidsMN
[email protected]
218‐322‐2354
RandyKolka
USDAForestService
DuluthMN
[email protected]
218‐626‐4358
23
ChristinaMaley
Jeremy Maslowski
1854TreatyAuthority
DuluthMN
[email protected]
2187228907
MNDNR
TowerMN
[email protected]
218‐753‐2580
Justin Mayne
LakeCountyForestry
TWOHARBORSMN
[email protected]
2188348340
LeslieMcInenly
MinnesotaDNR
St.PaulMN
[email protected]
651‐259‐5235
Rachael Nicoll
MinnesotaForestResourcesCouncil
St.PaulMN
[email protected]
651‐603‐6761
Jerry Niemi
UMDNRRI
DuluthMN
[email protected]
218‐788‐2670
BillNixon
Michael North
LakeCountyForestry
TWOHARBORSMN
[email protected]
2188348340
MNDNRSectionofWildlife
BrainerdMN
[email protected]
218‐330‐4815
Anne Oldakowski
WadenaSoilandWaterConservation
WadenaMN
[email protected]
2186313195
RachaelOlesiak
CloquetForestryCenter
CloquetMN
[email protected]
218‐269‐4324
Brian Palik
USFS‐NorthernResearchStation
GrandRapidsMN
[email protected]
218‐326‐7116
StephaniePatton
UniversityofMinnesota
St.PaulMN
[email protected]
6126264280
EmilyPeters
Larry Petersen
MNDNR
InternationalFallsMN
[email protected]
218‐286‐5434
Chris Peterson
PrivateForestryConsultant
GrandRapidsMN
[email protected]
218‐326‐4645
BethPeterson
PineSWCD
SandstoneMN
[email protected]
320‐216‐4245
Beckie Prange
HubachekWildernessResearch
Center
ElyMN
[email protected]
218.365.7766
Jodie Provost
DNR‐Wildlife
AitkinMN
[email protected]
218‐429‐3052
AmyRand
Matt Russell
UniversityofMinnesota
St.PaulMN
[email protected]
6126264280
LindseyShartell
StephanieSnyder
USForestService,NorthernResearch
Station
St.PaulMN
[email protected]
651‐649‐5294
Dan Steward
BoardofWater&SoilResources
BrainerdMN
[email protected]
218‐203‐4474
David Thomas
MNDNR
BemidjiMN
[email protected]
218‐308‐2377
JessicaVanDuyn
Robert Venette
MNDNR
TowerMN
[email protected]
2187532580
UniversityofMinnesota
St.PaulMN
[email protected]
612‐301‐1405
Mark Westphal
CarltonCountyLandDepartment
CarltonMN
[email protected]
218‐384‐9179
DepartmentofNaturalResources
SaintPaulMN
[email protected]
651‐259‐5135
CassCountyLandDepartment
BackusMN
[email protected]
218‐947‐3338
MNDNR
GrandRapidsMN
[email protected]
218‐999‐7932
24
MNDNR
CloquetMN
[email protected]
218‐341‐8540
Bruce White
RedLakeDNR
RedLakeMN
[email protected]
2186791602
DavidWilson
UniversityofMinnesota
St.PaulMN
[email protected]
612‐624‐2202
Joe Worm
MNDNR
Cloquet,MNMN
[email protected]
218‐878‐5664
PatrickWherley
Mitch Wilson
RedLakeDNR
RedLakeMN
[email protected]
2186791639
MelissaYoungquist
UniversityofMinnesota
GrandRapidsMN
[email protected]
218‐326‐7132
25
Notes
26
Acknowledgements
Wearegratefultoeveryonewhohelpedtomakethisyear’sForestryandWildlifeResearchReview
asuccess.
TheResearchReviewplanningcommitteeconsistingofAlanEk,GeorgeHost,RickKlevorn,Mike
Larson,BrianPalik,andRobSlesakhelpedtoidentifytopicsandspeakersandprovidedvaluable
inputontheformat.
SpeakersandposterpresentersJennaBjork,TimCatton,MirandaCurzon,GlennDelGiudice,Mike
Dockry,SophiaGutterman,BradJones,MikeKilgore,RandyKolka,EvanLarson,ChristinaMaley,
RachaelNicoll,JerryNiemi,BrianPalik,StephanieSnyder,RobVenette,andDavidWilson
generouslydevelopedanddeliveredpresentationstranslatingtheirresearchintorelevant,practical
resultsthatwehopeyoucanuse.CloquetForestryCenterstaffSimonClark,AndyDavid,Chuck
Kramer,StephanieOberg,JoeUlsby,DeniseVolk,JimWarren,andTimYoungcontributedtothe
event.MealswereprovidedbyJimnJo’sNorthlandKateringofCloquet.
Asaneducationalcooperative,theSFECdependsonthecontinuedinvestmentofourmember
organizationsandindividuals,whosecontributionsenableustooffereventslikethisone.Weare
alsosupportedbytheUniversityofMinnesotaCollegeofFood,Agriculture,andNaturalResource
SciencesandtheCloquetForestryCenter.
Andfinally,withoutyourregistrationandparticipation,theeventwouldhavebeensignificantly
lessinteresting.Thankyouforjoiningustoday.
‐EliSagorandJulieHendrickson
27
SFEC Member organizations for 2015-2016
AitkinCountyLandDepartment
AitkinCountySWCD
AudubonCenteroftheNorthWoods
BeltramiCountyNaturalResourceMgmt
CampRipleyNaturalResources
CarltonCountyLandDepartment
CarltonCountySWCD
CassCountyLandDepartment
Chequamegon‐NicoletNationalForest(USFS)
ChippewaNationalForest(USFS)
ClearwaterCountyLandDepartment
CrowWingCountyLandDepartment
FondDuLacReservation
GrandPortageBandofChippewa
HubbardCountyNaturalResourceMgmt
ItascaCommunityCollege
ItascaCountySWCD
KoochichingCountyLand&Forestry
LakeCountyLandDepartment
MilleLacsBandofOjibwe
MNAssociationofCountyLandCommissioners
MNDNR‐DivisionofForestry
MNDNR‐ForestStewardshipPlanwriters
MNDNR‐ DivisionofEcological&Water
Resources
MNDNR‐SectionofWildlife
MNForestResourcesCouncil
MolpusTimberlandLLC
PineCountySWCD
PotlatchCorporation
RedLakeTribalDNR
SappiFinePaper
SouthSt.LouisCountySWCD
St.John’sUniversityArboretum
St.LouisCountyLandDepartment
SuperiorNationalForest(USFS)
TheNatureConservancy–MNChapter
UMD–NaturalResourcesResearchInstitute
UMNExtensionForestry
UMNDept.ofForestResources
UPMBlandinPaperCompany
WadenaCountySWCD
WhiteEarthTribalForestry
WIDNRDivisionofForestry
VermilionCommunityCollege
Keeping in Touch
ViewSFEC’sCalendarofEvents:http://z.umn.edu/SFECevents
Joinourmailinglists:
Toreceiveourmonthlyemailnewsletter,subscribeathttp://sfec.cfans.umn.edu/
Toreceiveourcalendarofeventsbymail,contactJulie([email protected])
Contactus:
EliSagor
SFECManager
[email protected]
218‐409‐6115
JulieHendrickson
SFECProgramAssistant
[email protected]@umn.edu
218‐726‐6403
28