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Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative 2016 Forestry & Wildlife Research Review Aday‐longsymposium: TuesdayJanuary12,2016 8:45am–3:45pm CloquetForestryCenterinCloquet,MN 1 Table of Contents Agenda.........................................................................................................................................................................................3 WelcomeandOverview........................................................................................................................................................4 Block1:Silviculture................................................................................................................................................................5 Influenceofaggregatedoverstoryretentiononregenerationandbiodiversityinaspen‐ dominatedforests...............................................................................................................................................................5 Extrapolating50yearsofnativeplantcommunitysamplingtoinformforestmanagement planning..................................................................................................................................................................................6 TheGreatLakesSilvicultureLibrary:Intelligenttinkering,shared.......................................................7 Thinningreducesvulnerabilityofredpinegrowthtodrought......................................................................8 Buildingpartnershipandresolvingconflict:PreliminaryanalysisofperspectivesfromUSFS tribalrelationsprogrammanagers.............................................................................................................................9 Block2:Wildlife.....................................................................................................................................................................10 SuperiorNationalForest'sCanadalynxDNAdatabase.............................................................................10 Summerbatsurvey,monitoringandresearchinMinnesota2013‐2015.........................................10 UnderstandingthemoosedeclineinnortheasternMinnesota.....................................................................11 Assessingmoosebrowsingpatterns........................................................................................................................12 RecentResearchonMinnesotaForestBirds.........................................................................................................13 Block3:Other..........................................................................................................................................................................14 Post‐fireforestfloorfireseverityindexrelationshipswithforestfloorandsoilcarbon, nitrogenandmercurypools:Issuesofscale.........................................................................................................14 Naturalresourcemanagers’perceptionsofforestlandparcelizationtrends,drivers,andimpacts intheLakeStates..............................................................................................................................................................15 Biomassdry‐down:Fuelbenefitsandsiteimpacts............................................................................................16 Managementimplicationsforprivateforestlandwhentherearemultipleowners.....................17 IdentifyingandpreservingHeritageForestStandsthroughtree‐ringrecords:Acasestudyoffire historyandculturally‐modifiedtreesintheBoundaryWatersCanoeAreaWilderness...................18 Block4:Insects&Invasives..............................................................................................................................................19 AssessingtheacarologicalriskofhumanexposuretotickbornepathogensinMinnesota..............19 AnewresearchcenterattheUniversityofMinnesotaonterrestrialinvasivespecies......................20 Dispersalcapacityoflateinstargypsymothlarvae(Lymantriadispar)andimplicationsforwood productsmovement.........................................................................................................................................................21 Attendees..................................................................................................................................................................................22 Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................................................................27 SFECMemberorganizationsfor2015‐2016..............................................................................................................28 KeepinginTouch...................................................................................................................................................................28 2 Agenda 2016 Forestry and Wildlife Research Review January12,2016from8:45am–3:45pm,CloquetForestryCenter 8:15am Check‐inopens 8:45am Welcome and agenda review EliSagor,UMN‐SFEC 9:00am Block 1: Silviculture ‐Influenceofaggregatedoverstoryretentiononregeneration andbiodiversityinaspen‐dominatedforests ‐Extrapolating50yearsofnativeplantcommunitysampling toinformforestmanagementplanning ‐TheGreatLakesSilvicultureLibrary ‐Thinningreducesvulnerabilityofredpinegrowthto drought ‐Buildingpartnershipandresolvingconflict:Preliminary analysisofperspectivesfromUSFStribalrelations programmanagers 10:15am Breakandpostersession Blosdk ‐MirandaCurzon,UMN ‐DavidWilson,UMN‐ FR ‐EliSagor,UMN‐SFEC ‐BrianPalik,USFS‐NRS ‐MikeDockry,USFS‐ NRS 10:45am Block 2: Wildlife ‐SuperiorNationalForest'sCanadalynxDNAdatabaseand Summerbatsurvey,monitoringandresearchinMinnesota 2013‐2015 ‐UnderstandingthemoosedeclineinnortheasternMinnesota ‐Assessingmoosebrowsingpatterns ‐RecentResearchonMinnesotaForestBirds Block ‐TimCatton,USFS– SuperiorNF ‐GlennDelGiudice,MN DNR ‐ChristinaMaley,1854 TreatyAuthority ‐JerryNiemi,UMD‐ NRRI Noon Lunchandpostersession 1:00pm Block 3: Other ‐Post‐fireforestfloorfireseverityindexrelationshipswith forestfloorandsoilcarbon,nitrogen&mercurypools ‐Naturalresourcemanagers’perceptionsofforestland parcelizationtrends,drivers,andimpactsintheLake States ‐Biomassdry‐down:Fuelbenefitsandsiteimpacts ‐Managementimplicationsforprivateforestlandwhenthere aremultipleowners ‐IdentifyingandpreservingHeritageForestStandsthrough tree‐ringrecords Breakandpostersession Block ‐RandyKolka,USFS‐ NRS ‐MikeKilgore,UMN‐FR ‐BradJones,ICC ‐StephanieSnyder, USFS‐NRS ‐EvanLarson,UW‐ Platteville Block 4: Insects & Invasives ‐Assessingtheacarologicalriskofhumanexposureto tickbornepathogensinMinnesota ‐AnewresearchcenterattheUniversityofMinnesotaon terrestrialinvasivespecies ‐Dispersalcapacityoflateinstargypsymothlarvae (Lymantriadispar)andimplicationsforwoodproducts movement Adjourn crud ‐JennaBjork,MDH ‐RobVenette,UMN ‐RachaelNicoll,UMN 2:15pm 2:45pm 3:45pm denotesaLightningTalk‐‐visitthepostersessiontolearnmore. 3 Welcome and Overview WelcometoSFEC’s12thAnnualForestryandWildlifeResearchReview! TheResearchReviewisdesignedtoofferrapid‐fireoverviewsofabroadcross‐sectionofactive, currentresearchrelevanttoMinnesotalandmanagers.Thisyear’stopicsrunfrombatstobrowse, lynxtolandparcelization,tickstoterrestrialinvasives,leavetreestoLymantria,biomasstothe BoundaryWatersandbeyond.We’vegotaterrificgroupofspeakersandhopeyouenjoythe program. Five‐minute“LightningTalks”aredesignedforposterpresenterstobrieflydiscusstheirwork, enticingyoutovisitthepostersessionforthefullstory.Wehavetakenyoursuggestionsto disperseLightningTalksthroughoutthedaytoallowmoreopportunitiesforfollow‐upduring postersessions.You’llfindthepostersandtheirpresentersintheStineRoom. Asaneducationalcooperative,SFEC’sjobistodeliverprogramstohelpyoucontinuallyimprove thequalityofyourlandmanagementactivities.Wetakeyourinputveryseriously.Pleaseusethe confidentialevaluationformtoshareyourcontinuingeducationneedsandtomakesuggestionsfor nextyear’sResearchRevieworanyotherevent. Thankyouforbeingheretoday.Wehopeyoufindthisyear’sResearchReviewbothfunand informative,andwehopetoseeyouatotherSFECeventsthisyear. ‐EliSagorandJulieHendrickson 4 Block 1: Silviculture Influence of aggregated overstory retention on regeneration and biodiversity in aspen-dominated forests MirandaCurzon*;AnthonyW.D'Amato,UniversityofVermont;BrianJ.Palik,USFSNorthern ResearchStation;andChristelC.Kern,USFSNorthernResearchStation Variable‐retentionharvestingandtheadaptationofconventionalsilviculturalsystemstoinclude reservedmaturetreesareincreasinglybeingusedtobalanceproductivityobjectiveswith biodiversityconservation.Usingtwooperational‐scalestudiesthatincludeatotalofsevensites dominatedbyquakingaspen,weinvestigatedtheinfluenceofretainedoverstoryaggregates(0.25 acresinsizeperguidelinesdevelopedbytheMinnesotaForestResourcesCouncil)onregeneration insurroundingareas2and12yearspost‐harvest.Sitesassociatedwitheachstudywereharvested duringwinterin2010and2000,respectively,andsamplingoccurredin2012.Initial(2year) understoryspeciescompositionandmicroenvironmentconditionswithinaggregateswere intermediatebetweenintactforestandclearcutsasexpected.Aggregatesdidnotreduceinitial regenerationdensitiesofquakingaspenorothertreespeciesinimmediatelysurrounding harvestedareas(within16ft)relativetoopenconditions.Observationsfrom12yearspost‐harvest alsosuggestaggregateshadnonegativeimpactonstemdensityortotalwoodybiomasswhereas intactforestreducedvaluesforbothvariablesuptoadistanceof16ftintoharvests.Overall,our resultssuggestthatsmall,0.25acreaggregatesachievesomeecologicalobjectiveswithout negativelyimpactingregeneration. *UniversityofMinnesota [email protected]/612‐625‐6989 5 Extrapolating 50 years of native plant community sampling to inform forest management planning DavidWilson*;AlanEk,UMNDept.ofForestResources Interesthasgrownintheuseoffundamentalecologicalinformationtoguidethedevelopmentand selectionofmanagementoptionsforforestedstandsandlandscapes.Thedesiretousedetailedsite descriptiondata,ecologicalclassifications,andtheirinter‐relationshipsintheplanningprocesspre‐ supposesknowledgeofthecomposition,distribution,andsuccessionalstateofplantcommunities comprisingthelocalandbio‐regionalecosystems.Unfortunately,suchknowledgeisnotcurrently availablewiththelevelofdetailneededtomaketimelymanagementdecisionsforharvest scheduling,wildlifehabitat,biodiversity,andothervalues.However,thisgapmayberesolvedby leveragingwhatwedoknowaboutnativeplantcommunity(NPC)distributionwithrespectto relevantsitecharacteristics. Thecurrentresearchfocusesonusingthephysicalandbioticconditionsdefininggrowingspaceto systematicallyidentifyassociationsbetweenNPCsandvarioussitecharacteristics.Thisprocess employstechniquessimilartothoseusedintheMNDNRnativeplantsamplingprogram,andis informedby23,751NPCobservationscollectedbetween1964and2013byMNDNR,combined withforestinventoryandadditionalphysiographicdata.Uniqueassociationsofherbaceousplants arethoughttooccurinconjunctionwithspecificsetsoftreesonsiteswithsimilarsoils, physiography,moisture,anddisturbanceregimes.Itisthejointdependenceoftreesand herbaceousspeciesontheseabioticfactors,andonlandscape‐scaledisturbanceregimes,which enablestheimputationprocessdevelopedbytheauthortofunction.Methodsemployedinclude datamining,multiplecorrespondenceanalysis,andhierarchicalclustering,aswellastechniques developedbytheauthortoidentifylikelyassociations. *UniversityofMinnesotaDepartmentofForestResources [email protected]/612‐624‐2202 6 The Great Lakes Silviculture Library: Intelligent tinkering, shared EliSagor* Everysilviculturaltreatmentisanexperiment.Buttoooftennewinsightsfromthisinformal researcharelosttothelargercommunitywhenlandmanagersretire,moveon,orsimplylacka waytosharetheirwork. Wehavecreatedanewonlineresourcedesignedtoarchivetheresultsofinnovativeandinteresting silviculturetreatmentsfromacrosstheLakesStates.Weinvitelandmanagerstocontributecases fromtheirownworkortheworkoftheirpredecessors,particularlywhenthatworkhelpsto answerquestionsrelevanttootherlandmanagers.Publishedcasestudiesneednotincludepeer‐ reviewed,replicatedresearch–simplywell‐documentedeverydaysilviculture. TheSilvicultureLibraryisafreeweb‐basedarchiveofreal‐world,actualsilviculturetreatments fromMinnesota,Wisconsin,Michigan,andOntario,contributedbylandmanagers.Eachcase includesdescriptiveinfoaboutthesite,silvicultureobjective,silvicultureprescription,what actuallyhappenedduringthetreatment,andwhatwaslearnedfromit,alongwithphotos.Some havesupplementalreports,documents,andlinks.And,importantly,eachcasehastheauthor’s nameandcontactinformationtoenableconnectionswithothersengagedinsimilarsilviculture work.Publishedcasescanbevaluableresourcesforlandmanagersconsideringsilvicultural options. TheLibraryisathttp://silvlib.cfans.umn.edu/ *UMNSustainableForestsEducationCooperative,CloquetForestryCenter [email protected]/218‐409‐6115 7 Thinning reduces vulnerability of red pine growth to drought BrianPalik*;AlessandraBottero,UniversityofMinnesota;AnthonyD’Amato,Universityof Vermont;JohnBradford,USGS;ShawnFraver,UniversityofMaine Reducingtreedensitiesthroughthinninghasbeenadvocatedasastrategyforenhancingresistance andresilienceoftreegrowthtodrought,yetfewempiricalevaluationsofthisapproachexist.We examineddetaileddendrochronologicaldatafromtwolong‐term(50and65years)replicated thinningexperimentstodetermineifdensityreductionsconferredgreaterresistanceand/or resiliencetodroughts,assessedbythemagnitudeofstandlevelgrowthreductions.Ourresults suggestthatthinninggenerallyenhanceddroughtresistanceandresilience;however,this relationshipvariedsomewhatwithstandage.Theseresultsconfirmthepotentialofdensity managementtomoderatedroughtimpactsongrowth,andtheyhighlighttheimportanceof accountingforstandstructurewhenpredictingclimate‐changeimpactstoforests. *USDAForestServiceNorthernResearchStation [email protected]/218‐326‐7116 8 Building partnership and resolving conflict: Preliminary analysis of perspectives from USFS tribal relations program managers MichaelDockry*;SophiaGuttermanѱ;andMaeDavenport,UniversityofMinnesota AmericanIndiantribeshaveinherentrightstoNationalForestlandandresourcesoriginatingin treaties,theUSconstitution,andcaselaw.ThisincludesbutisnotlimitedtotheuseofUSFSlands forhuntingandgathering,spiritualandreligiousceremonies,andaccesstosacredsites.These rightsrequiregovernment‐to‐governmentconsultationbetweeneachtribeandtheUSFStobest assessandmeettheneedsandrightsoftribeswithregardstoUSFSmanagedlands.Alongwith governmentmandatedconsultation,theForestServiceseekstocreateopportunitiestoworkin collaborationandpartnershipwithtribalnationstomanageland.Despitebesteffortstocollaborate andcommunicate,theinherentintricaciesoftribal‐federalrelationshipsanddifferencesinland managementpracticescanleadtoconflict.Tominimizeconflictsandfulfilltheirlegal responsibilitiestotribes,theUSFSbuildslong‐termrelationshipswithtribesandemploys environmentalconflictresolutiontoreachsolutions.Thisposterusesqualitativeresearchmethods toanalyzesemi‐structuredinterviewswithUSFStriballiaisonsthroughouttheEasternRegionto understandtheirperspectivesontheirjobs,USFSmandates,andstrategiestheyusetobuild partnershipsandresolveconflictswithAmericanIndiantribes. *USFSNorthernResearchStationandUniversityofMinnesota [email protected]/651‐649‐5163 ѱUniversityofMinnesotaUndergraduateHonorStudent,ForestResourcesDepartment [email protected] 9 Block 2: Wildlife Superior National Forest's Canada lynx DNA database TimCatton*;DanRyan,SuperiorNationalForest;DaveGrosshuesch,SuperiorNationalForest;and SteveLoch,PrivateResearcher Snowtrackingandothermethodsusedtoobtaingeneticsampleshaveconfirmedpresenceof Canadalynx(Lynxcanadensis)acrossnortheasternMinnesotasinceDecember2000.In2008the SuperiorNationalForestcreated,andcontinuestomaintain,adatabaseofgeneticallyconfirmed Canadalynxtodocumenttheiroccurrence,persistenceandreproductioninMinnesota.The currentdatabasecontains1,306samplesthathavebeensubmittedtotheUSDAForestService RockyMountainResearchStation’sNationalGenomicsLaboratoryforWildlifeandFish ConservationforDNAtesting.MitochondrialDNAanalysishasidentified1,039ofthem(79.6%)as lynx.NuclearDNAanalysishasdetermined268uniquelynxgenotypes,129female(47.9%),138 male(51.3%)and1ofundeterminablesex.Additionally,thedatabasecontains42samplesthat havebeenidentifiedasF1lynx‐bobcathybrids.Thereare13uniquelynx‐bobcathybridgenotypes, 5femaleand8male.Since2011,21familygroupshavebeenidentifiedproducing50kittensthat survivedtothewinterfollowingtheirbirth.Ofthe236individualsthatwerenotoriginally detectedasaresultofamortality,51(21.6%)areknowntohavepersistedintoasecondyear,the longestovera6yearperiod,afemale. Summer bat survey, monitoring and research in Minnesota 2013-2015 TimCatton*;USDAForestService‐ChippewaandSuperiorNFs;MinnesotaDept.ofNatural Resources;UniversityofMN‐DuluthNaturalResourcesResearchInstitute BatpopulationsintheeasternUnitedStateshavebeendecimatedbywhite‐nosesyndrome(WNS), adiseasecausedbythefungusPseudogymnoascusdestructans(Pd)thatleadstoincreasedwinter activityandextremelyhighmortalityratesofhibernatingbats.InApril2015,theU.S.Fishand WildlifeServicelistedthenorthernlong‐earedbat(Myotisseptentrionalis;MYSEorNLEB)as “threatened”underthefederalEndangeredSpeciesActduetotheimpactofWNS.Obtaining knowledgeaboutnorthernlong‐earedbatsummerhabitatuseanddistributionbeforeapopulation declineoccursinMinnesotawillbecriticalinformationforconservationofthespeciesinthestate. Bothmobile(driving)andpassive(stationary)acousticsurveyshavebeenconductedtohelp documentspeciespresence,distribution,populationtrendsandresponsestoWNS.Acoustic surveysforbatshavebeenconductedsince2005.Mist‐nettingandtransmitterdeploymentbegan in2013.Todatewehavecaptured370batsrepresenting6ofthe7speciesofbatthatoccurin Minnesota.Forty‐fivetransmittershavebeendeployedonMyotidbats(38NLEBs,7littlebrown bats)and114rooststructureshavebeenidentified.Thisworkhasledtothecurrentstate‐wide researchproject“EndangeredBats,White‐NoseSyndromeandForestHabitat”whichisfundedby Minnesota’sEnvironmentalandNaturalResourcesTrustFundinto2017. *USDAForestService,SuperiorNationalForest [email protected]/218‐626‐4376 10 Understanding the moose decline in northeastern Minnesota GlennD.DelGiudice*;MichelleCarstensen,WildlifeHealthProgram,MNDNR;WilliamJ.Severud, DepartmentofFisheries,Wildlife,andConservationBiology,UMN AccordingtotheState's2015MooseSurvey,thenortheasternmoosepopulationcontinuesto exhibitaconsistentdecliningtrend.Thepointestimatewas3,450(2,610‐4,77095%CL),whichis 61%lowerthanin2006(8,840moose).Researchsince2003hasshownthatalowaverageannual adultsurvivalrateof80%(20%mortalityrate)hashadthegreatestnegativeimpact.Arecent studyofGPS‐collaredadultmoosedocumentedsurvivalratesof81%,88%,and91%from2013to 2015,respectively,with39%ofthemortalitybeingwolf‐relatedand61%health‐related.Ourcalf studyisshowingthatsignificantdecreasingcalfproduction(57%since2006)andannual recruitmentalsoaredepressingthepopulation'sgrowthrate.Wolfandblackbearpredation accountforthegreatestpercentageoftotalcalfmortality,40%occurringby30daysofage. Additionally,ourwinterphysiologicalassessmentsofmooseareshowingthatseverenutritional restrictioniscloselytrackingthemoosedeclineandthewinterandwinter‐summermortalityrates oftheGPS‐collaredmoose.Wearenowinvestigatingpotentialrelationshipsofourwinter nutritionalrestrictionfindingstoforestdisturbanceandotheraspectsofhabitatacrossthemoose rangelandscape. *ForestWildlifePopulations&ResearchGroup,MNDNR [email protected]/651‐296‐0702 11 Assessing moose browsing patterns ChristinaMaley* Mooseforaginghabitatiscreatedbyshearing,timberharvest,prescribedburns,windstormsand forestfires.Wehavemeasuredacombined229moosehabitatrestorationsitesinspring(winter browse)andfall(summerbrowse)since2013.Browseuseandavailabilityweremeasuredateach site.Datawascollectedon13commonspecieseatenbymooseinMinnesota.Atypicalsite contained7ofthese13species.Aspen(27%),beakedhazel(22%),andpaperbirch(12%)werethe mostabundantspeciesavailable.Thesespecieswerebrowsedlessthantheiravailability,butthey werebrowsedmostheavilyinabsolutetermsandareimportantforagespecies.Conversely,maple species,red‐osierdogwoodandmountainasharelesscommon,butwerebrowsedatthehighest percentages,22.4%,16.1%,and14.5%,respectively. Suggestedforestrymanagementstrategieswouldincludegainsinregeneratingbirch,northern hardwoods,suchasmaplespecies,anduplandbrushspeciesatheightslessthan3meters.Although notopposedtoaspenregenerationasamanagementgoalthatprovidestimberbenefitsandmoose forage,itistheaspenstandsalsorichinadditionalforagespeciesthataremostbeneficialtomoose. Silviculturetreatmentsthatachieveanunevenagedstand,greaterthan80acres,withahigh speciesrichnesswouldultimatelybeadvised. *1854TreatyAuthority [email protected]/218‐722‐8907 12 Recent Research on Minnesota Forest Birds Gerald'Jerry'Niemi*;AlexisGrinde,EdmundZlonis,AnnieBracey,andJoshBednar,Natural ResourcesResearchInstitute,UMN‐Duluth Recently,Minnesotahasseenasubstantialreductioninloggingactivity.Duringthisperiodwehave beenmonitoringbreedingbirdpopulationsfor74birdspeciesintwoofMinnesota’snational forestsfor21years(1995‐2015).Inthesetwonationalforestscombined,7specieshaveincreasing trendswhile9havebeendecreasing.Themajorityofspecieshavebeenstablebutmanyhave widelyfluctuatingpopulations.Mostbirdguildanalyseshaveindicatedsignificantincreasing trendsineachnationalforestandregionally,butbirdspeciesassociatedwithearly‐successional habitatshavenotbeenincreasing;apatternconsistentwithreductionsinharvestlevels.Thebird monitoringprogramprovideawealthofdataovertimetoanalyzeforest‐relatedquestionsof managementinteresttobirdsincludingtheeffectsofhabitatandclimatechange,interspecific interactions,andlandscapeinfluences.Wepresentseveralexamplesofmultipleeffectsonseveral birdspeciesofconcerninMinnesotaforestssuchastheGolden‐winged,Connecticut,andCanada Warbler. *BiologyandNaturalResourcesResearchInstitute,UniversityofMinnesota‐Duluth [email protected]/218‐788‐2670 13 Block 3: Other Post-fire forest floor fire severity index relationships with forest floor and soil carbon, nitrogen and mercury pools: Issues of scale RandyKolka*;BrianSturtevant,USDAForestServiceNorthernResearchStation;JessicaMiesel, MichiganStateUniversity;PhilTownsend,UniversityofWisconsin;PeterWolter,IowaState University;ShawnFraver,UniversityofMaine;TomDeSutter,NorthDakotaStateUniversity Althoughweknowfireleadstocombustionofforestfloorandmineralsoilorganicmatterand lossesofelements,littleresearchhasassessedhowfireseverityinfluencespost‐firepoolsofthose elements.Ifwecanrelatefireseverityindiceswithchangesinsoilelementalpools,fireseveritycan beusedasasurrogatetoevaluateC,NandHgemissionspostfire.Weusedforestfloorfireseverity indicesbothaggregatedattheplotscaleandindividualmeasurementsatthesubplotscalewhere soilsweresampled,toassessourabilitytopredictelementallossesfollowingthe2011Pagami CreekFireinnorthernMinnesota.Wesampledforestflooranduppermineralsoilssoonafterfire andagainafteronegrowingseason.Duringthefirstsamplingwecomparefireseverityindicesand forestfloorandmineralsoilC,N,andHgaggregatedattheplotscale.Duringthesecondsampling weassessedfireseverityandmeasuredforestfloorandmineralsoilC,N,andHgatthesubplot scale.Ourresultsindicatethataggregatingattheplotscaledoesnotdifferentiateamongforest floorfireseveritycategories.Differencesinelementpoolswhereonlyfoundbetweenburnedand unburnedplots.However,assessingforestfloorfireseverityatthesubplotscaleandrelatingit directlytotheforestfloorandmineralsoilsamplestakenatthatscaleexplainmuchmore variabilityintherelationshipbetweenforestfloorfireseverityandpostfireelementpools. *USDAForestServiceNorthernResearchStation [email protected]/218‐326‐7115 14 Natural resource managers’ perceptions of forest land parcelization trends, drivers, and impacts in the Lake States MichaelKilgore*;StephanieSnyder,USDA‐ForestService,NorthernResearchStation Forestlandparcelizationisviewedasapotentialthreattomaintainingtheproductivityand viabilityofprivateforeststhroughouttheUnitedStates.Naturalresourceprofessionalssuchas forestersandwildlifemanagerswhoworkinpredominantlyforestedlandscapeshaveunique,field‐ basedperspectivesandinsightsonforestlandparcelization(e.g.,parcelizationdrivers,impacts, trends)thatcanbeimportanttoresearchersandpolicy‐makers.Additionally,thoseworkingfor publicresourcemanagementorganizationscanofferdistinctperspectivesonhowprivateforest landparcelizationactivityisaffectingormayaffectthemanagement,use,andprotectionofpublic forestlands.Usinganinternet‐basedsurvey,morethan250field‐basedpublicnaturalresource managersintheLakeStatesprovidedinformationontheirfamiliaritywithparcelization,perceived parcelizationtrendsintheirworkarea,perspectivesonimportantdriversofparcelization, potentialoutcomesassociatedwithaparcelizedlandscape,parcelizationimpactsonpublicland management,andstrategiesforpreventingorslowingtherateofparcelization.Theyalsoranked fouruniqueforestlandownershippatternsaccordingtotheirperceptionsofhoweachownership patternimpactsthreeforestresources:timberproduction,wildlifehabitat,andforestrecreation. Selectedsurveyresultshighlightingnaturalresourcemanagerperspectivesonforestland parcelizationtrends,drivers,andimpactstoprivateandpublicforestswillbediscussed. *ForestResourcesDept,UMN [email protected]/612‐624‐6298 15 Biomass dry-down: Fuel benefits and site impacts BradJones* Overthepastseveralyears,Europeanmodelsforrenewablefuelhavedrawnconsiderable attention.Sweden,Germany,AustriaandSwitzerlandhavemademajorcommitmentstobecome reliantonrenewablefuelforthemajorityoftheirpowerandheatingneeds.Forthepast30years, thesecountrieshavebeenconductingresearchdesignedtorefinetechniquesforintegrating renewablesintothemainstream.Thisproject,fundedbytheUSDepartmentofAgriculturethrough theFondduLacBandofLakeSuperiorChippewa,isdesignedtodemonstrateEuropeanmodelsfor inwoodsdryingofbiomassfuelsandutilizethesefuelsasathermalenergysourceinmodernpellet appliances.Theprojectevaluatesthefinancialandenvironmentalimpactsofin‐woodsdryingand willusetheresultstoevaluatetribalandstatecontractingpractices,supplychainlogisticsandlegal barriers,andmakerecommendationsforoptimizingvalue‐chainefficiencyinthestateandregion. Thispresentationwilldiscusstheresultsoffueldryingandtheimpactonloggingeconomics,as wellaspreliminarydataonthesiteimpactoflong‐termstorageofwoodybiomassintheforest. *ItascaCommunityCollege [email protected]/218‐322‐2354 16 Management implications for private forestland when there are multiple owners StephanieSnyder*;MikeKilgore,UniversityofMinnesotaDept.ofForestResources Whenaparcelofforestlandisjointlyheldbymultipleowners,isthatabarriertoforest management?Previousresearchhasfoundthatwhenagriculturallandisjointlyheldbymultiple co‐owners,suchlandsmayoftengounmanaged,beabandoned,partitioned,orforcedintosale. Multi‐personownershipofforestedparcelsmaycomplicatetheabilitytoundertakeactivitiessuch asharvestinggiventhatallownersmustsignacontractaswellasprovideproofofownership. Moreover,forestedparcelswithlargenumbersofownersmaynotqualifyforloansorassistance programsduetopotentialdifficultiesingettingallownerstoagreetotheconditionsoftheprogram and/orinprovidingcleartitletotheland.Whileanecdotalevidenceofsuchimpactshasbeen offeredintheliterature,thesefindingshavenotbeenrigorouslytestedordemonstratedonabroad scale.Weundertookastudyutilizinganationaldatasetofinformationonprivateforest landowners,theNationalWoodlandOwnerSurvey,whichisadministeredbytheFIAprogramof theUSForestService.TheNWOSdataallowedustoexaminewhetherforestmanagement behaviorsandintentionsonprivateforestlandsmaydifferwithincreasingnumbersofowners.We alsoexaminedhowforestlandownershipstructuresandlandownerdecision‐makingnetworksare relatedtopastpracticesandfutureintentions.Contrarytopreviousfindings,ourresearchsuggests thathavingagreaternumberofownersneednotnecessarilyreducethelikelihoodofactivitiessuch asharvestingorwildlifehabitatimprovement. *NorthernResearchStation,USForestService [email protected]/651‐649‐5294 17 Identifying and preserving Heritage Forest Stands through tree-ring records: A case study of fire history and culturally-modified trees in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness EvanLarson*;KurtF.Kipfmueller,UniversityofMinnesota;LaneB.Johnson,Universityof Wisconsin‐Platteville Weassessedthefirehistory,agestructure,andculturaluseofsitesacrosstheprimaryforestsof theBoundaryWatersCanoeAreaWildernessinordertobetterunderstandtheroleofpeopleinthe historicalfireregimesofthislandscapeandhowhumanactivitiesofthepastmaypersistinthe forestsoftoday.Ourresultsincludeover400yearsofdetailedfirehistory,forestinventorydatafor 31stands,andtheidentificationof28siteswhereculturally‐modifiedtreesprovidedirectevidence ofpastlanduse.BasedonthesedataweproposetheconceptofHeritageStandsthatcouldbe targetedforrestorationorspecialmanagementconsiderationinordertoactivelymanage culturally‐influencedforestsitesthatembodytheessenceofwilderness.Ourresearchhighlights thevalueofnaturalareasasecologicalbaselinesandhowresearchfromwithinwildernesscan informmanagementbeyonditsborders.Themethodsweemployedareapplicableacrossallforest systems,andthoughpastlandusemayhavereducedtheexistenceofsiteswarrantingheritage consideration,wepresentinformationonlandscapeswheresuchsitesmaystillexist.Direct managementimplicationsfromthisworkrangefromthedocumentationandmappingofthese standstotheexplicittailoringofprescribedfireprogramstoincorporatetheuniquehistoryofsuch sitesintheirmanagementandthepotentialofactivemanagementwithinwildernessareas.Efforts toidentifyHeritageStandsthroughouttheforestsoftheUpperMidwestcouldhelpinformsite‐ specificmanagementactivitieswhilepreservingtheculturalandnaturalhistoryoftheregion. *UniversityofWisconsin‐Platteville [email protected]/608‐342‐6139 18 Block 4: Insects & Invasives Assessing the acarological risk of human exposure to tickborne pathogens in Minnesota JennaBjork*;DavidNeitzel,FrannyDorr,andElizabethSchiffman,MinnesotaDepartmentof Health;TammiJohnsonandRebeccaEisen,CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention;SoniaKjos, UniversityofMinnesota,Duluth;andJeanneMinnerath,SaintMary'sUniversityofMinnesota. Ixodesscapularis,theblacklegged(deer)tick,istheprimaryvectorofseveralpathogenscausing humandiseaseintheUnitedStates.Overthelasttwodecades,I.scapularis‐bornediseaseshave increasedinincidenceaswellasgeographicdistribution.Usingexistingdataonblackleggedtick presencepreviouslycollectedbytheMinnesotaDepartmentofHealth(MDH),theCentersfor DiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)createdatickdistributionmodelthatpredictsareasthatare ecologicallyconducivetothesurvivalofI.scapularis.Themajorobjectivesofthisstudywereto1) developanacarologicalriskmodelforMinnesotathatcanbeusedtoidentifyareasofelevated abundanceofhost‐seekingI.scapularisandareasoffutureexpansionand2)monitorI.scapularis populationsfromAprilthroughOctoberatfourgeographicallydiverseregionsofthestateinan efforttobetterunderstandthephenologyofticklifestagesinMinnesota.Intotal,80acarologysites wererandomlyselectedbythemodelbasedonsuitablehabitatandpubliclandclassification;these sitesweresampledtwiceinJune,duringtheanticipatedpeakquestingperiodofblackleggedtick nymphs.Anadditionalfourphenologysiteswerechosenbytheresearcherstorepresentvarious regionsofthestate;thesesitesweresampledbiweeklyfromAprilthroughNovember.Forallsites, tickswerecollectedusingadistance‐basedsamplingmethodinwhichawhitecottonclothwas draggedovertheground,coveringatotalareaof750m2persite.Preliminaryresultsindicatethat 5,754tickswerecollectedfrom80(95%)of84sitesvisitedin2015.Ofallthetickscollected,4,556 (79%)wereidentifiedasI.scapularisandatleastoneI.scapularistickwascollectedfrom73(87%) of84sites.Anaverageof6.6(median3,range0‐77)nymphswerecollectedontransectpersite visit.Datacollectionfromeachofthephenologysitesindicatedthatthepeaknymphalquesting periodoccurredslightlylaterthanexpectedin2015,inlateJuneandearlyJulyinsteadofmid‐June. Therefore,whilethenumbersofnymphsfoundquestingduringourstudyrepresentarelative degreeofriskbetweensites,absolutetickdensityislikelyunderestimatedandsubjecttoseveral limitations.Knowledgeofsuitabletickhabitat,includingcurrentlyestablishedandpotentially emergingareas,aswellastickphenologyisimportantforguidingtickbornediseaseprevention strategiesinMinnesota. *MinnesotaDepartmentofHealth [email protected]/651‐201‐5803 19 A new research center at the University of Minnesota on terrestrial invasive species RobertVenette* Theinvasionsofnewinsects,diseases,andplantsintoMinnesotacontinuetopresentdifficult challengestoforestmanagers.TheMinnesotaInvasiveTerrestrialPlantsandPestsCenterwas recentlyestablishedattheUniversityofMinnesotatoresearchnewmethodstopreventor minimizethesethreatstoMinnesotaforests,prairies,wetlands,andagriculture.Threeinitial projectsfocusonconcernsinforestry.ThisbriefpresentationwillintroducetheCenter,itsinitial priorities,andprogresstowardsrankingthetop120invasivespeciesthreatstoMinnesotalands. *MinnesotaInvasiveTerrestrialPlantsandPestsCenter,UniversityofMinnesota [email protected]/612‐301‐1405 20 Dispersal capacity of late instar gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar) and implications for wood products movement RachaelNicoll*;ScottMyers,USDAAPHIS‐PPQ;andBrianAukema,UniversityofMinnesota Thegypsymoth(Lymantriadispar)isaninvasiveforestdefoliatorofover300treeandshrub species,mostnotablyoakandaspen.Itsrangehasexpandedthroughoutthenortheasternregionof theUnitedStatesandeasternCanadianprovincestoMidwesternandSoutheasternstatesprimarily throughhumantransportation.Eggmasses,inparticular,arereadilyconveyedonwoodproducts. Tomitigatespreadviawoodproducts,stateandfederalquarantinepoliciesrestrictmovementof regulatedarticlessuchaslogsandfirewood.Woodmovementmitigationmeasuresincludea100‐ foothostvegetation‐freebufferzonesurroundinglogdeckstopreventinfestationoflogsand adjacentforestbycrawlinggypsymothlarvae.However,nostudiesexistwhichevaluatethelong‐ distancedispersaloflateinstargypsymothlarvae,thedevelopmentalstagewiththegreatest potentialformovementacrosstheground.Thedispersaloflateinstarlarvaemayreducethe effectivenessofgypsymothcontainmentpoliciesasthelocationofpupationstronglyinfluencesthe egg‐layingsiteoftheflightlessfemalegypsymoth.Insummer2015,wereleasedfourth,fifth,and sixthinstargypsymothlarvaedailyforsixdaysatapapermilllumberyardandvisuallyassessed theirdispersalcapacityover12hourswithharmonicradarsupplementation.Movementof20 percentofthelarvaesurpassedthebufferzonewidth,andthegreatestdispersaldistancewas 143.7feet.Theseresultsdemonstrateaneedtoevaluatethewoodproductsmovementrestrictions ofthegypsymothquarantineaswellastheeffectivenessofalternativecontainmentmeasures. *UniversityofMinnesota [email protected]/651‐624‐7683 21 Attendees ScottAbel Bruce Anderson RedLakeDNR RedLakeMN [email protected] 2187663826 MNDNR.WLDivision CloquetMN [email protected] 218‐879‐0880 TonyArola RedLakeDNR RedLakeMN [email protected] 2182804055 Dave Arras MNDNR DuluthMN [email protected] 218‐723‐4791 Penny Backman MNDNR InternationalFallsMN [email protected] 218‐286‐5434 ChrisBalzer MNDNR CloquetMN [email protected] 218‐878‐5665 Greg Bernu CarltonCountyLandDepartment CarltonMN [email protected] 218‐384‐9179 Jan Bernu TwoByForestry CloquetMN [email protected] 218‐879‐4433 BudBertschi selfemployed BrainerdMN [email protected] 218‐820‐9640 Jenna Bjork MNDepartmentofHealth St.PaulMN [email protected] 651‐201‐5803 Tom Bodell LakeCountyForestry TWOHARBORSMN [email protected] 2188348340 PeterBundy MasconomoForestry MinneapolisMN [email protected] 952‐380‐7793 Tim Catton SuperiorNationalForest DuluthMN [email protected] 218‐626‐4376 Darion Cobenais RedLakeDNR RedLakeMN [email protected] 2186791639 JenniferCorcoran MNDNRForestry StPaulMN [email protected] 651‐259‐5898 Allissa Corrow MNDNR EffieMN [email protected] 218‐743‐3694 Anne Coyle MNDNR InternationalFallsMN [email protected] 218‐286‐5434 HelenCozzetto MNDNR ThiefRiverFallsMN [email protected] 218‐681‐0889 Miranda Curzon UniversityofMinnesota SaintPaulMN [email protected] (612)625‐6989 Casey Dabrowski KevinDahlman CassCountyLandDepartment BackusMN [email protected] 218‐947‐3338 Glenn DelGiudice MNDNR ForestLakeMN [email protected] 651‐296‐0702 Bob DeRoche CompassForestryServices,LLC CottonMN [email protected] 2187307997 Brian Anderson UniversityofMinnesota St.PaulMN [email protected] 6126264280 ItascaWoodlandServices,Inc. NEVISMN [email protected] 2182528572 22 Mike Dockry USForestService SaintPaulMN [email protected] 651‐649‐5163 Scott Dowling ItascaCountyLandDepartment GrandRapidsMN [email protected] 2183270673 NolanEck RedLakeDNR RedLakeMN [email protected] 2185567577 Nate Eide Alan Ek LakeCountyForestry TWOHARBORSMN [email protected] 2188348340 UniversityofMinnesota St.PaulMN [email protected] 612‐624‐3098 DarinErickson Jeff Fossen RedLakeDNR RedLakeMN [email protected] 2187663826 Katie Frerker MackGlasby UniversityofMinnesota St.PaulMN [email protected] 6126264280 Stanley Grossman Sophia Gutterman ItascaWoodlandServices,Inc. NEVISMN [email protected] 2182528572 USForestService/UMN SaintPaulMN [email protected] 651‐649‐5163 WesHabedank MNDNRForestry FloodwoodMN [email protected] 218‐476‐7022 Brooke Haworth MNDNREWR DuluthMN [email protected] 651‐259‐5755 Anna Heruth MNDNR GrandMaraisMN [email protected] 218‐387‐3037 LarryHimanga MNDNR lakecityMN [email protected] 651‐259‐5277 Jeff Hines MNDNR GrandRapidsMN [email protected] 2189997940 Justin Janssen RedLakeDNR RedLakeMN [email protected] 2182098197 BradJones Mike Kilgore UniversityofMinnesota St.PaulMN [email protected] 612‐624‐6298 Joshua Koelsch MNDNR WillowRiverMN [email protected] 218‐423‐6026 USFS GrandRapidsMN [email protected] 218‐326‐7115 Chuck Kramer UMNCloquetForestryCenter CloquetMN [email protected] 218‐726‐6411 Evan Larson UniversityofWisconsin‐Platteville PlattevilleWI [email protected] 608‐342‐6139 JeffLee MinnesotaBiologicalSurvey/DNR DuluthMN [email protected] 218‐723‐4763 Quintin Legler UPM‐BlandinPaperCo. GrandRapidsMN [email protected] 218‐327‐6304 Erik Lindquist CassCountyLandDepartment BackusMN [email protected] 218‐947‐3338 TedDick MNDNR GrandRapidsMN [email protected] 2189997870 UPMBlandin GrandRapidsMN [email protected] 320‐310‐9532 ItascaCommunityCollege GrandRapidsMN [email protected] 218‐322‐2354 RandyKolka USDAForestService DuluthMN [email protected] 218‐626‐4358 23 ChristinaMaley Jeremy Maslowski 1854TreatyAuthority DuluthMN [email protected] 2187228907 MNDNR TowerMN [email protected] 218‐753‐2580 Justin Mayne LakeCountyForestry TWOHARBORSMN [email protected] 2188348340 LeslieMcInenly MinnesotaDNR St.PaulMN [email protected] 651‐259‐5235 Rachael Nicoll MinnesotaForestResourcesCouncil St.PaulMN [email protected] 651‐603‐6761 Jerry Niemi UMDNRRI DuluthMN [email protected] 218‐788‐2670 BillNixon Michael North LakeCountyForestry TWOHARBORSMN [email protected] 2188348340 MNDNRSectionofWildlife BrainerdMN [email protected] 218‐330‐4815 Anne Oldakowski WadenaSoilandWaterConservation WadenaMN [email protected] 2186313195 RachaelOlesiak CloquetForestryCenter CloquetMN [email protected] 218‐269‐4324 Brian Palik USFS‐NorthernResearchStation GrandRapidsMN [email protected] 218‐326‐7116 StephaniePatton UniversityofMinnesota St.PaulMN [email protected] 6126264280 EmilyPeters Larry Petersen MNDNR InternationalFallsMN [email protected] 218‐286‐5434 Chris Peterson PrivateForestryConsultant GrandRapidsMN [email protected] 218‐326‐4645 BethPeterson PineSWCD SandstoneMN [email protected] 320‐216‐4245 Beckie Prange HubachekWildernessResearch Center ElyMN [email protected] 218.365.7766 Jodie Provost DNR‐Wildlife AitkinMN [email protected] 218‐429‐3052 AmyRand Matt Russell UniversityofMinnesota St.PaulMN [email protected] 6126264280 LindseyShartell StephanieSnyder USForestService,NorthernResearch Station St.PaulMN [email protected] 651‐649‐5294 Dan Steward BoardofWater&SoilResources BrainerdMN [email protected] 218‐203‐4474 David Thomas MNDNR BemidjiMN [email protected] 218‐308‐2377 JessicaVanDuyn Robert Venette MNDNR TowerMN [email protected] 2187532580 UniversityofMinnesota St.PaulMN [email protected] 612‐301‐1405 Mark Westphal CarltonCountyLandDepartment CarltonMN [email protected] 218‐384‐9179 DepartmentofNaturalResources SaintPaulMN [email protected] 651‐259‐5135 CassCountyLandDepartment BackusMN [email protected] 218‐947‐3338 MNDNR GrandRapidsMN [email protected] 218‐999‐7932 24 MNDNR CloquetMN [email protected] 218‐341‐8540 Bruce White RedLakeDNR RedLakeMN [email protected] 2186791602 DavidWilson UniversityofMinnesota St.PaulMN [email protected] 612‐624‐2202 Joe Worm MNDNR Cloquet,MNMN [email protected] 218‐878‐5664 PatrickWherley Mitch Wilson RedLakeDNR RedLakeMN [email protected] 2186791639 MelissaYoungquist UniversityofMinnesota GrandRapidsMN [email protected] 218‐326‐7132 25 Notes 26 Acknowledgements Wearegratefultoeveryonewhohelpedtomakethisyear’sForestryandWildlifeResearchReview asuccess. TheResearchReviewplanningcommitteeconsistingofAlanEk,GeorgeHost,RickKlevorn,Mike Larson,BrianPalik,andRobSlesakhelpedtoidentifytopicsandspeakersandprovidedvaluable inputontheformat. SpeakersandposterpresentersJennaBjork,TimCatton,MirandaCurzon,GlennDelGiudice,Mike Dockry,SophiaGutterman,BradJones,MikeKilgore,RandyKolka,EvanLarson,ChristinaMaley, RachaelNicoll,JerryNiemi,BrianPalik,StephanieSnyder,RobVenette,andDavidWilson generouslydevelopedanddeliveredpresentationstranslatingtheirresearchintorelevant,practical resultsthatwehopeyoucanuse.CloquetForestryCenterstaffSimonClark,AndyDavid,Chuck Kramer,StephanieOberg,JoeUlsby,DeniseVolk,JimWarren,andTimYoungcontributedtothe event.MealswereprovidedbyJimnJo’sNorthlandKateringofCloquet. Asaneducationalcooperative,theSFECdependsonthecontinuedinvestmentofourmember organizationsandindividuals,whosecontributionsenableustooffereventslikethisone.Weare alsosupportedbytheUniversityofMinnesotaCollegeofFood,Agriculture,andNaturalResource SciencesandtheCloquetForestryCenter. Andfinally,withoutyourregistrationandparticipation,theeventwouldhavebeensignificantly lessinteresting.Thankyouforjoiningustoday. ‐EliSagorandJulieHendrickson 27 SFEC Member organizations for 2015-2016 AitkinCountyLandDepartment AitkinCountySWCD AudubonCenteroftheNorthWoods BeltramiCountyNaturalResourceMgmt CampRipleyNaturalResources CarltonCountyLandDepartment CarltonCountySWCD CassCountyLandDepartment Chequamegon‐NicoletNationalForest(USFS) ChippewaNationalForest(USFS) ClearwaterCountyLandDepartment CrowWingCountyLandDepartment FondDuLacReservation GrandPortageBandofChippewa HubbardCountyNaturalResourceMgmt ItascaCommunityCollege ItascaCountySWCD KoochichingCountyLand&Forestry LakeCountyLandDepartment MilleLacsBandofOjibwe MNAssociationofCountyLandCommissioners MNDNR‐DivisionofForestry MNDNR‐ForestStewardshipPlanwriters MNDNR‐ DivisionofEcological&Water Resources MNDNR‐SectionofWildlife MNForestResourcesCouncil MolpusTimberlandLLC PineCountySWCD PotlatchCorporation RedLakeTribalDNR SappiFinePaper SouthSt.LouisCountySWCD St.John’sUniversityArboretum St.LouisCountyLandDepartment SuperiorNationalForest(USFS) TheNatureConservancy–MNChapter UMD–NaturalResourcesResearchInstitute UMNExtensionForestry UMNDept.ofForestResources UPMBlandinPaperCompany WadenaCountySWCD WhiteEarthTribalForestry WIDNRDivisionofForestry VermilionCommunityCollege Keeping in Touch ViewSFEC’sCalendarofEvents:http://z.umn.edu/SFECevents Joinourmailinglists: Toreceiveourmonthlyemailnewsletter,subscribeathttp://sfec.cfans.umn.edu/ Toreceiveourcalendarofeventsbymail,contactJulie([email protected]) Contactus: EliSagor SFECManager [email protected] 218‐409‐6115 JulieHendrickson SFECProgramAssistant [email protected]@umn.edu 218‐726‐6403 28