Link - University of Minnesota Duluth
... which has caused nearly 100% mortality of ash near its point of introduction in southeastern Michigan (Gandhi et al. 2008). Gap formation resulting from decline and mortality of oak and beech, resulting from gypsy moth defoliation (Davidson et al. 1999; Jedlicka et al. 2004) and beech bark disease ( ...
... which has caused nearly 100% mortality of ash near its point of introduction in southeastern Michigan (Gandhi et al. 2008). Gap formation resulting from decline and mortality of oak and beech, resulting from gypsy moth defoliation (Davidson et al. 1999; Jedlicka et al. 2004) and beech bark disease ( ...
How does forest landscape structure explain tree species richness
... Spanish National Forest Inventory (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente 2006). The SFM has a vector data structure and a scale of 1:50,000, and has been developed in Catalonia from the interpretation of aerial photographs combined with pre-existing maps and field inventory data. The minimum mapping unit is ...
... Spanish National Forest Inventory (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente 2006). The SFM has a vector data structure and a scale of 1:50,000, and has been developed in Catalonia from the interpretation of aerial photographs combined with pre-existing maps and field inventory data. The minimum mapping unit is ...
Plant Diversity of Forests
... as cited in Larsson, 2001; Merganič & Šmelko, 2004). However, also this widely accepted definition like many others fails to mention ecological processes, such as natural disturbances, and nutrient cycles, etc., that are crucial to maintaining biodiversity (Noss, 1990). The complexity of the underst ...
... as cited in Larsson, 2001; Merganič & Šmelko, 2004). However, also this widely accepted definition like many others fails to mention ecological processes, such as natural disturbances, and nutrient cycles, etc., that are crucial to maintaining biodiversity (Noss, 1990). The complexity of the underst ...
Appendix 4 - Georges River Combined Councils Committee
... glauca). Vines are abundant and include Cockspur Thorn (Maclura cochinchinensis). The structure and species of this community are highly influenced by habitat and disturbance. Location within study area (see Figures 8.6a – 8.6g) Large areas of this vegetation community are located at the eastern ext ...
... glauca). Vines are abundant and include Cockspur Thorn (Maclura cochinchinensis). The structure and species of this community are highly influenced by habitat and disturbance. Location within study area (see Figures 8.6a – 8.6g) Large areas of this vegetation community are located at the eastern ext ...
Chapter 10 - Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems CHAPTER
... and overlap broadly, but with distinct population centers distributed along the elevation gradient. Yellow poplar dominates low elevations on mesic sites. With higher elevation, yellow birch, mountain silverbell, sugar maple, white basswood, and yellow buckeye become progressively more dominant. Hig ...
... and overlap broadly, but with distinct population centers distributed along the elevation gradient. Yellow poplar dominates low elevations on mesic sites. With higher elevation, yellow birch, mountain silverbell, sugar maple, white basswood, and yellow buckeye become progressively more dominant. Hig ...
The Tropical Forests of Southern China and Conservation of
... Frost-Free Forests in China Vegetation zones of China were mapped by Wu (1980) and incorporated into the National Geographical Atlas (National Committee of Atlas Compilations, 1999). In this vegetation zonation, the tropical monsoon forest and rain forest regions are located in the southern-most par ...
... Frost-Free Forests in China Vegetation zones of China were mapped by Wu (1980) and incorporated into the National Geographical Atlas (National Committee of Atlas Compilations, 1999). In this vegetation zonation, the tropical monsoon forest and rain forest regions are located in the southern-most par ...
The Tropical Forests of Southern China and Conservation of
... Frost-Free Forests in China Vegetation zones of China were mapped by Wu (1980) and incorporated into the National Geographical Atlas (National Committee of Atlas Compilations, 1999). In this vegetation zonation, the tropical monsoon forest and rain forest regions are located in the southern-most par ...
... Frost-Free Forests in China Vegetation zones of China were mapped by Wu (1980) and incorporated into the National Geographical Atlas (National Committee of Atlas Compilations, 1999). In this vegetation zonation, the tropical monsoon forest and rain forest regions are located in the southern-most par ...
The Boreal biogeographical region
... The north European mixed forest Stands of deciduous trees occur in the whole region, in the northern part mainly associated with special biotopes, often disturbed by fire or floods, or on particular soils. In the southern part of the region, various broadleaved deciduous trees (e.g., Quercus spp., A ...
... The north European mixed forest Stands of deciduous trees occur in the whole region, in the northern part mainly associated with special biotopes, often disturbed by fire or floods, or on particular soils. In the southern part of the region, various broadleaved deciduous trees (e.g., Quercus spp., A ...
New Policies for Old Trees: Averting a Global
... Large old trees are critical organisms and ecological structures in forests, woodlands, savannas, and agricultural and urban environments. They play many essential ecological roles ranging from the storage of large amounts of carbon to the provision of key habitats for wildlife. Some of these roles ...
... Large old trees are critical organisms and ecological structures in forests, woodlands, savannas, and agricultural and urban environments. They play many essential ecological roles ranging from the storage of large amounts of carbon to the provision of key habitats for wildlife. Some of these roles ...
Broadleaved Trees - Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural
... shrubs are typical of habitats near watercourses. These thickets provide forage and cover areas for many birds, mammals, amphibians, and insects. Deciduous streamside vegetation also provides valuable streamside cover, helps stabilize banks, and provides cooling shade. Black cottonwoods are a major ...
... shrubs are typical of habitats near watercourses. These thickets provide forage and cover areas for many birds, mammals, amphibians, and insects. Deciduous streamside vegetation also provides valuable streamside cover, helps stabilize banks, and provides cooling shade. Black cottonwoods are a major ...
Status, Basic Ecology and Conservation of Capercaillie
... fence collisions, and inclement weather at crucial times of the year. Basic ecology and conservation biology Adult capercaillie are almost entirely herbivorous and spend the winter feeding on needles in conifer trees. In mild winter weather, which is increasing, they will take some blaeberry (Vaccin ...
... fence collisions, and inclement weather at crucial times of the year. Basic ecology and conservation biology Adult capercaillie are almost entirely herbivorous and spend the winter feeding on needles in conifer trees. In mild winter weather, which is increasing, they will take some blaeberry (Vaccin ...
Spruce Beetle Quick Guide
... impacts of these natural disturbances can be reduced through proactive forest management. The spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis ) is responsible for the death of more spruce trees in North America than any other natural agent. Spruce beetle populations range from Alaska and Newfoundland to as f ...
... impacts of these natural disturbances can be reduced through proactive forest management. The spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis ) is responsible for the death of more spruce trees in North America than any other natural agent. Spruce beetle populations range from Alaska and Newfoundland to as f ...
SOIL CARBON, NUTRIENTS, AND MYCORRHIZAE DURING CONVERSION Restore 7 106 Mp
... Abstract. Wildfires and alien grass invasion threaten dry tropical forests throughout Central America. Efforts to preserve and restore these forests will require a better understanding of how conversion to grassland changes key belowground processes and organisms such as soil organic matter, nutrien ...
... Abstract. Wildfires and alien grass invasion threaten dry tropical forests throughout Central America. Efforts to preserve and restore these forests will require a better understanding of how conversion to grassland changes key belowground processes and organisms such as soil organic matter, nutrien ...
-portal.org Ecology and Evolution
... Globally, most forest landscapes have been actively used and managed resulting in fragmentation of natural habitats for many forest living species (Lindenmayer and Franklin 2002). The forest landscape in northern Sweden is heavily fragmented with a steady decline in amount of old forests due to sele ...
... Globally, most forest landscapes have been actively used and managed resulting in fragmentation of natural habitats for many forest living species (Lindenmayer and Franklin 2002). The forest landscape in northern Sweden is heavily fragmented with a steady decline in amount of old forests due to sele ...
Forest Bird Habitat Assessment
... For the purposes of providing recommendations, the property was broken into two land cover types. These are both forested stands, one of which contains a significant amount of invasive plants (mostly Japanese barberry). The Property Features Map on page 12 shows the locations of the areas and a coup ...
... For the purposes of providing recommendations, the property was broken into two land cover types. These are both forested stands, one of which contains a significant amount of invasive plants (mostly Japanese barberry). The Property Features Map on page 12 shows the locations of the areas and a coup ...
Seasonal changes in vertical canopy structure in a
... observation of forest phenology at multiple canopy layers (Ryu et al. 2014). Currently, more than 630 flux towers have been established within representative ecosystems worldwide (http://fluxnet.ornl.gov/), and may provide the opportunity to extend our observations of those diverse ecosystems. The Gwa ...
... observation of forest phenology at multiple canopy layers (Ryu et al. 2014). Currently, more than 630 flux towers have been established within representative ecosystems worldwide (http://fluxnet.ornl.gov/), and may provide the opportunity to extend our observations of those diverse ecosystems. The Gwa ...
EVPP 111 Lecture - Biomes
... – also known as northern coniferous forest, or boreal forest – precipitation is 25cm-100cm per year • climate is humid due to low evaporation resulting from generally low temperatures ...
... – also known as northern coniferous forest, or boreal forest – precipitation is 25cm-100cm per year • climate is humid due to low evaporation resulting from generally low temperatures ...
Diversity, composition and richness of soil seed banks in different
... distribution of soil seed bank in three different forest communities identified in an upper montane forest ecosystem (Dotalugala Forest Reserve) in the Knuckles Range, Sri Lanka. The three forest communities were upper-montane forest (UMF), midelevational wet face forest (MWF) and midelevational dry ...
... distribution of soil seed bank in three different forest communities identified in an upper montane forest ecosystem (Dotalugala Forest Reserve) in the Knuckles Range, Sri Lanka. The three forest communities were upper-montane forest (UMF), midelevational wet face forest (MWF) and midelevational dry ...
symposium 5: ecology, evolution, conservation and
... areas for restoration projects to Kyoto and voluntary carbon credits; (5) areas for habitat restoration focused on the maintenance and enhancement of water provision. The Atlantic Forest, the second most widespread tropical forest in Brazil, is better recognized as a complex than as a single vegetat ...
... areas for restoration projects to Kyoto and voluntary carbon credits; (5) areas for habitat restoration focused on the maintenance and enhancement of water provision. The Atlantic Forest, the second most widespread tropical forest in Brazil, is better recognized as a complex than as a single vegetat ...
Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research in Chinese subtropical
... Worldwide, forests provide habitat for a large diversity of plants, animals and microbes. At the same time, forest ecosystems are essential providers of multiple ecosystem services important for human well-being. However, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has only been ...
... Worldwide, forests provide habitat for a large diversity of plants, animals and microbes. At the same time, forest ecosystems are essential providers of multiple ecosystem services important for human well-being. However, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has only been ...
Does natural selection organize ecosystems for the maintenance of
... prospects of survival or reproductive success. By analogy, we infer that an ecosystem is organized for high productivity and diversity if changes beyond the range with which its populations are adapted to cope tend to reduce its productivity or diversity. We give a few examples to show how this defi ...
... prospects of survival or reproductive success. By analogy, we infer that an ecosystem is organized for high productivity and diversity if changes beyond the range with which its populations are adapted to cope tend to reduce its productivity or diversity. We give a few examples to show how this defi ...
Primate assemblage structure in amazonian flooded and
... habitats, others are primarily or entirely restricted to particular vegetation types. However, the main determinants of the considerable variation in primate species richness between sites are currently under debate [Eeley & Lawes, 1999; Peres & Janson, 1999]. Peres [1997a] found that on a local sca ...
... habitats, others are primarily or entirely restricted to particular vegetation types. However, the main determinants of the considerable variation in primate species richness between sites are currently under debate [Eeley & Lawes, 1999; Peres & Janson, 1999]. Peres [1997a] found that on a local sca ...
Briefing on mangroves2 - Ministry of Environment, Lands and
... the people of Kiribati. Mangrove forests are composed of trees, shrubs and ferns, which live half way between the land and the sea (inter-tidal zone). Mangroves include approximately 20 families and approximately 65 species worldwide. These trees have special adaptations that allow them to grow in s ...
... the people of Kiribati. Mangrove forests are composed of trees, shrubs and ferns, which live half way between the land and the sea (inter-tidal zone). Mangroves include approximately 20 families and approximately 65 species worldwide. These trees have special adaptations that allow them to grow in s ...
WP#7-Mixed Conifer Design - the Forest Stewards Guild
... Aspen is an early seral species common to many mixed conifer forests. Aspen can dominate a site after a stand-replacement disturbance event in mixed conifer and spruce-fir; and typically is replaced in time by climax mixed conifer or spruce-fir species (Jones 1974). On the mixed conifer-frequent fir ...
... Aspen is an early seral species common to many mixed conifer forests. Aspen can dominate a site after a stand-replacement disturbance event in mixed conifer and spruce-fir; and typically is replaced in time by climax mixed conifer or spruce-fir species (Jones 1974). On the mixed conifer-frequent fir ...
acorn connection addition_NEW
... the bacteria that cause Lyme disease, but become infected when they feed on the mice that have increased because of acorns. This means that the risk of Lyme disease can be higher in oak forests two years after a large acorn crop. Acorns are a key food for white-footed mice. The mice are key predator ...
... the bacteria that cause Lyme disease, but become infected when they feed on the mice that have increased because of acorns. This means that the risk of Lyme disease can be higher in oak forests two years after a large acorn crop. Acorns are a key food for white-footed mice. The mice are key predator ...
Forest
A forest is a large area of land covered with trees or other woody vegetation. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing and ecological function. According to the widely-used United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered an area of four billion hectares (15 million square miles) or approximately 30 percent of the world's land area in 2006.Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed across the globe. Forests account for 75% of the gross primary productivity of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass.Forests at different latitudes form distinctly different ecozones: boreal forests near the poles tend to consist of evergreens, while tropical forests near the equator tend to be distinct from the temperate forests at mid-latitude. The amount of precipitation and the elevation of the forest also affects forest composition.Human society and forests influence each other in both positive and negative ways. Forests provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as tourist attractions. Forests can also impose costs, affect people's health, and interfere with tourist enjoyment. Human activities, including harvesting forest resources, can negatively affect forest ecosystems.