Cross-scale Drivers of Natural Disturbances Prone to Anthropogenic
... contorta var. latifolia–Pinus banksiana) stands that are conA combination of host availability and suitability, beetle poptiguous with transcontinental boreal jack pine forests ulation density, weather, and escape from natural enemies is (Safranyik and Carroll 2006). In addition to larger eruptions ...
... contorta var. latifolia–Pinus banksiana) stands that are conA combination of host availability and suitability, beetle poptiguous with transcontinental boreal jack pine forests ulation density, weather, and escape from natural enemies is (Safranyik and Carroll 2006). In addition to larger eruptions ...
guidelines for urban forest restoration
... and ecological constraints hamstring conventional restoration practices. Over time, in the process of restoring more than 1,600 acres of natural areas, including 1,400 acres of forest, NRG has developed, borrowed, and shared new restoration techniques with a broad range of practitioners across the c ...
... and ecological constraints hamstring conventional restoration practices. Over time, in the process of restoring more than 1,600 acres of natural areas, including 1,400 acres of forest, NRG has developed, borrowed, and shared new restoration techniques with a broad range of practitioners across the c ...
mangrove ecology
... ecosystem through the transfer of food energy from one trophic level to another. The first trophic level (the producer level) is comprised of green plants; the second trophic level (primary consumer level) is comprised of herbivores (plant-eaters); the third trophic level (secondary consumer level) ...
... ecosystem through the transfer of food energy from one trophic level to another. The first trophic level (the producer level) is comprised of green plants; the second trophic level (primary consumer level) is comprised of herbivores (plant-eaters); the third trophic level (secondary consumer level) ...
Edge effects in a lowland temperate New Zealand rainforest
... Physical processes arising from the adjacent production (e.g. agriculture and forestry) matrix have major effects on the flora and fauna of remnant forest patches (Saunders et al. 1991; Bierregaard et al. 1992). As well as effects associated with reduced area and increased isolation, remnant forest ...
... Physical processes arising from the adjacent production (e.g. agriculture and forestry) matrix have major effects on the flora and fauna of remnant forest patches (Saunders et al. 1991; Bierregaard et al. 1992). As well as effects associated with reduced area and increased isolation, remnant forest ...
Slide 1
... Canopy cover Methods: Mean percent canopy cover was determined for each plot by using a spherical canopy densiometer to take measurements from the center of each plot while facing all 4 compass directions. Canopy measurements were made on October 4, 2005. Regression analysis was performed to examine ...
... Canopy cover Methods: Mean percent canopy cover was determined for each plot by using a spherical canopy densiometer to take measurements from the center of each plot while facing all 4 compass directions. Canopy measurements were made on October 4, 2005. Regression analysis was performed to examine ...
Temporal and spatial variability in seedling dynamics: a cross
... Schupp 1988, Webb & Peart 1999). Ostensibly, seedling dynamics also vary among sites. However, because of the lack of cross-site comparisons, it is unknown how variation in seedling dynamics among sites compares to the considerable variation known to occur within sites. In order to assess recruitmen ...
... Schupp 1988, Webb & Peart 1999). Ostensibly, seedling dynamics also vary among sites. However, because of the lack of cross-site comparisons, it is unknown how variation in seedling dynamics among sites compares to the considerable variation known to occur within sites. In order to assess recruitmen ...
Change in Vegetation Productivity for Three National Forests in Utah
... and other conifer encroachment while in 4% of the photosets grassland cover increased due to shrubland treatment and management (Kay 2003). A similar study in Utah’s Henry Mountains identified that, of 152 photosets, 42% depicted declines in grassland cover while in 40% grasslands increased where tr ...
... and other conifer encroachment while in 4% of the photosets grassland cover increased due to shrubland treatment and management (Kay 2003). A similar study in Utah’s Henry Mountains identified that, of 152 photosets, 42% depicted declines in grassland cover while in 40% grasslands increased where tr ...
` ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL FACTORS LIMITING TROPICAL
... assess various biotic and abiotic factors in the southern part of Kakamega forest to verify their contribution to regeneration. Sampling was done in six habitats using three transects of 100m and 5x5 m quadrants. Aspects looked into were soil physical-chemical parameters, micro-climate, soil seed ba ...
... assess various biotic and abiotic factors in the southern part of Kakamega forest to verify their contribution to regeneration. Sampling was done in six habitats using three transects of 100m and 5x5 m quadrants. Aspects looked into were soil physical-chemical parameters, micro-climate, soil seed ba ...
BRONZE BIRCH BORER, (Agrilus anxius) BACKGROUND
... spring, mature larvae pupate in oblong cells in the bark, while immature larvae resume feeding. Following the pupal stage, emerging adults chew through the bark leaving a characteristic Dshaped exit hole. The life cycle of the bronze birch borer is one or two years long depending on the geographic l ...
... spring, mature larvae pupate in oblong cells in the bark, while immature larvae resume feeding. Following the pupal stage, emerging adults chew through the bark leaving a characteristic Dshaped exit hole. The life cycle of the bronze birch borer is one or two years long depending on the geographic l ...
EFFECTS OF TROPICAL FOREST FRAGMENTATION ON
... In contrast to numerous studies on effects of temperate forest fragmentation on Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) breeding ecology, no studies to date have sought to understand how fragmentation affects Wood Thrush winter ecology. We hypothesized that forest fragments in Costa Rica would provide lo ...
... In contrast to numerous studies on effects of temperate forest fragmentation on Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) breeding ecology, no studies to date have sought to understand how fragmentation affects Wood Thrush winter ecology. We hypothesized that forest fragments in Costa Rica would provide lo ...
Conserving Biodiversity Through Sustainable Forestry
... includes topics that the Commission members have identified as important elements of forest biodiversity. Some serious gaps in scientific knowledge about many of these topics have been filled by NCSSF-sponsored research projects that produced new scientific findings and practical tools for applying ...
... includes topics that the Commission members have identified as important elements of forest biodiversity. Some serious gaps in scientific knowledge about many of these topics have been filled by NCSSF-sponsored research projects that produced new scientific findings and practical tools for applying ...
Extinct owls-Clark and others (1978) list nine owl species that
... Tyto-Soumagne’s Owl likely is endangered from destruction of its tropical evergreen forest habitat on Madagascar. This species is included in appendix I of the 1977 CITES Resolutions and in the IUCN Red Data Book of 1968 and updates thereto (Clark and others 1978). Conversion of humid rain forests o ...
... Tyto-Soumagne’s Owl likely is endangered from destruction of its tropical evergreen forest habitat on Madagascar. This species is included in appendix I of the 1977 CITES Resolutions and in the IUCN Red Data Book of 1968 and updates thereto (Clark and others 1978). Conversion of humid rain forests o ...
Effects of Forest Land Management on Terrestrial Mollusks: A
... terrestrial snails and slugs. Although cut far too short, Suzanne's contributions to this field are significant and deeply appreciated. Foreword: National policies for the Forest Service (Forest Service Manual (FSM) Section 2670) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM Manual Section 6840) establish ...
... terrestrial snails and slugs. Although cut far too short, Suzanne's contributions to this field are significant and deeply appreciated. Foreword: National policies for the Forest Service (Forest Service Manual (FSM) Section 2670) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM Manual Section 6840) establish ...
Effects of Forest Land Management on Terrestrial Mollusks
... terrestrial snails and slugs. Although cut far too short, Suzanne's contributions to this field are significant and deeply appreciated. Foreword: National policies for the Forest Service (Forest Service Manual (FSM) Section 2670) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM Manual Section 6840) establish ...
... terrestrial snails and slugs. Although cut far too short, Suzanne's contributions to this field are significant and deeply appreciated. Foreword: National policies for the Forest Service (Forest Service Manual (FSM) Section 2670) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM Manual Section 6840) establish ...
A guide to the Matemateaonga Ecological District
... term sustainability of Taranaki’s biodiversity. ...
... term sustainability of Taranaki’s biodiversity. ...
A land manager`s guide to conserving habitat for forest birds in
... environment is rapidly changing and the world’s natural resources are under enormous pressure. The human population currently consumes more than its share of Earth’s natural resources per year, and humans have already cleared nearly half of the world’s natural habitats for their use. An estimated on ...
... environment is rapidly changing and the world’s natural resources are under enormous pressure. The human population currently consumes more than its share of Earth’s natural resources per year, and humans have already cleared nearly half of the world’s natural habitats for their use. An estimated on ...
A land manager`s guide to conserving habitat for forest birds in
... environment is rapidly changing and the world’s natural resources are under enormous pressure. The human population currently consumes more than its share of Earth’s natural resources per year, and humans have already cleared nearly half of the world’s natural habitats for their use. An estimated on ...
... environment is rapidly changing and the world’s natural resources are under enormous pressure. The human population currently consumes more than its share of Earth’s natural resources per year, and humans have already cleared nearly half of the world’s natural habitats for their use. An estimated on ...
Responses of Tropical Bats to Habitat Fragmentation, Logging, and
... Loss of habitat as a result of extensive land conversion and associated fragmentation are ubiquitous throughout the tropics. Resulting landscapes typically comprise a mosaic of human-modified habitats that include agroforests, agricultural land, and tree plantations, as well as remnants of old-growt ...
... Loss of habitat as a result of extensive land conversion and associated fragmentation are ubiquitous throughout the tropics. Resulting landscapes typically comprise a mosaic of human-modified habitats that include agroforests, agricultural land, and tree plantations, as well as remnants of old-growt ...
old-growth savannahs and tropical ecosystem
... between reality (i.e. the existence of savannahs) and overly simplistic climate-based models of vegetation distributions that did not incorporate fire [14]. Indeed, even before Clements, the incongruence between climate and vegetation was evident, exemplified in Schimper’s unconvincing attempt to ex ...
... between reality (i.e. the existence of savannahs) and overly simplistic climate-based models of vegetation distributions that did not incorporate fire [14]. Indeed, even before Clements, the incongruence between climate and vegetation was evident, exemplified in Schimper’s unconvincing attempt to ex ...
Laufer et al_Use of
... Studies reporting abundance and density estimates of B. tridactylus are scarce. For example, in a total line transect census effort of 1,739.6 km in the southern Amazonia, sloths were not detected (Michalski & Peres, 2007) and only three observations of B. tridactylus were made during 2,192 km of ce ...
... Studies reporting abundance and density estimates of B. tridactylus are scarce. For example, in a total line transect census effort of 1,739.6 km in the southern Amazonia, sloths were not detected (Michalski & Peres, 2007) and only three observations of B. tridactylus were made during 2,192 km of ce ...
Extent and ecological consequences of hunting
... moist forest in the world, based on human settlement density, infrastructure and road location [21], yet empirical data from village hunting studies and ecological surveys in the region show that much of this remote forest is already accessed by hunters (table 1). Humans, as central place foragers, ...
... moist forest in the world, based on human settlement density, infrastructure and road location [21], yet empirical data from village hunting studies and ecological surveys in the region show that much of this remote forest is already accessed by hunters (table 1). Humans, as central place foragers, ...
The low performance of forest versus rural coyotes in northeastern
... vulpes L.) through interference competition and/or intraguild predation (Harrison, Bissonette & Sherburne, 1989; Litvaitis & Harrison, 1989). Likely due to the landscape features where the species has evolved (Nowak, 1979), coyotes are well adapted to open and semiopen habitats (Young & Jackson, 195 ...
... vulpes L.) through interference competition and/or intraguild predation (Harrison, Bissonette & Sherburne, 1989; Litvaitis & Harrison, 1989). Likely due to the landscape features where the species has evolved (Nowak, 1979), coyotes are well adapted to open and semiopen habitats (Young & Jackson, 195 ...
Wet eucalypt forest and woodland
... From Forest to Fjaeldmark Descriptions of Tasmania’s Vegetation ...
... From Forest to Fjaeldmark Descriptions of Tasmania’s Vegetation ...
2015 Vermont Forest Fragmentation Report
... Estate Taxes and Monetizing Ecosystem Services ......................................................................................... 49 Land-Use Planning Tools and Strategies ............................................................................................................ 49 Local Lan ...
... Estate Taxes and Monetizing Ecosystem Services ......................................................................................... 49 Land-Use Planning Tools and Strategies ............................................................................................................ 49 Local Lan ...
Title Regeneration Processes and Coexistence Mechanisms of Two
... The Park is a fragment of naiUral vegetation, which is surrounded by secondary forests, oil ...
... The Park is a fragment of naiUral vegetation, which is surrounded by secondary forests, oil ...
Forest
A forest is a large area of land covered with trees or other woody vegetation. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing and ecological function. According to the widely-used United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered an area of four billion hectares (15 million square miles) or approximately 30 percent of the world's land area in 2006.Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed across the globe. Forests account for 75% of the gross primary productivity of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass.Forests at different latitudes form distinctly different ecozones: boreal forests near the poles tend to consist of evergreens, while tropical forests near the equator tend to be distinct from the temperate forests at mid-latitude. The amount of precipitation and the elevation of the forest also affects forest composition.Human society and forests influence each other in both positive and negative ways. Forests provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as tourist attractions. Forests can also impose costs, affect people's health, and interfere with tourist enjoyment. Human activities, including harvesting forest resources, can negatively affect forest ecosystems.