The Ecology and Silviculture of Oaks
... The second section comprises three chapters covering site productivity and stand development. An understanding of the productive capacity of oak forests is central to a broad spectrum of issues related to their management and potentialities, not only for timber but also for wildlife and other values ...
... The second section comprises three chapters covering site productivity and stand development. An understanding of the productive capacity of oak forests is central to a broad spectrum of issues related to their management and potentialities, not only for timber but also for wildlife and other values ...
Extent and ecological consequences of hunting in
... moist forest in the world, based on human settlement density, infrastructure and road location [21], yet empirical data from village hunting studies and ecological surveys in the region show that much of this remote forest is already accessed by hunters (table 1). Humans, as central place foragers, ...
... moist forest in the world, based on human settlement density, infrastructure and road location [21], yet empirical data from village hunting studies and ecological surveys in the region show that much of this remote forest is already accessed by hunters (table 1). Humans, as central place foragers, ...
Can forest fragmentation disrupt a conditional mutualism? A case
... All stations were first set up in all fragments and control sites of all three ranches. Then they were all checked in the same order in which they were set up to minimize temporal variation between sites. Each station was checked 20– 30 days later. At each check, the number of seeds removed was coun ...
... All stations were first set up in all fragments and control sites of all three ranches. Then they were all checked in the same order in which they were set up to minimize temporal variation between sites. Each station was checked 20– 30 days later. At each check, the number of seeds removed was coun ...
The fate of Amazonian forest fragments: A 32-year
... adjoining matrix of modified vegetation surrounding fragments. In our study area, the matrix has changed markedly over the course of the study (evolving from large cattle pastures to mosaics of abandoned pasture and regrowth forest) and this in turn has strongly influenced fragment dynamics and faunal ...
... adjoining matrix of modified vegetation surrounding fragments. In our study area, the matrix has changed markedly over the course of the study (evolving from large cattle pastures to mosaics of abandoned pasture and regrowth forest) and this in turn has strongly influenced fragment dynamics and faunal ...
Density, distribution, and attributes of tree cavities in an
... 2005a) describe characteristics of all cavities rather than just the cavities suitable for particular species. Improved understanding of cavity resource availability in the tropics will provide baseline data for comparisons with ever-increasing secondary and selectively logged forests, and inform co ...
... 2005a) describe characteristics of all cavities rather than just the cavities suitable for particular species. Improved understanding of cavity resource availability in the tropics will provide baseline data for comparisons with ever-increasing secondary and selectively logged forests, and inform co ...
Planning for Connectivity
... the structure and function of ecosystems and landscapes. Structural connectivity is the physical relationship between patches of habitat or other ecological units; functional connectivity is the degree to which landscapes actually facilitate or impede the movement of organisms and processes of ecosy ...
... the structure and function of ecosystems and landscapes. Structural connectivity is the physical relationship between patches of habitat or other ecological units; functional connectivity is the degree to which landscapes actually facilitate or impede the movement of organisms and processes of ecosy ...
Full text in pdf format
... and most studies have relied on small samples to estimate ‘real’ population densities (Hassel-Finnegan et al. 2008). Within the wildlife biology literature, there is ample debate on the accuracy and precision of line transect methods due to the practical difficulties to comply with all required assu ...
... and most studies have relied on small samples to estimate ‘real’ population densities (Hassel-Finnegan et al. 2008). Within the wildlife biology literature, there is ample debate on the accuracy and precision of line transect methods due to the practical difficulties to comply with all required assu ...
Atmospheric vs Biological sources of polycyclic aromatic
... • Burning of fossil fuels, coal, oil refining etc • Essential to understand and predict the global dynamics and trends of these compounds • Tropical rain forest : limited knowledge of its distribution • Recently, biological sources of PAHs have been known. ...
... • Burning of fossil fuels, coal, oil refining etc • Essential to understand and predict the global dynamics and trends of these compounds • Tropical rain forest : limited knowledge of its distribution • Recently, biological sources of PAHs have been known. ...
Effects of tree control method, seed addition, and introduced
... et al. 1994). Pinus contorta is one of the worst; it readily invades unforested areas and causes significant problems in many countries (Richardson & Rejmánek 2004; Gundale et al. 2014). In New Zealand, P. contorta and other invasive conifers have established on more than 1 million hectares, which r ...
... et al. 1994). Pinus contorta is one of the worst; it readily invades unforested areas and causes significant problems in many countries (Richardson & Rejmánek 2004; Gundale et al. 2014). In New Zealand, P. contorta and other invasive conifers have established on more than 1 million hectares, which r ...
Conserving biodiversity in New Zealand`s lowland landscapes: does
... Wilson et al. 2007). These systems have typically experienced dramatic reductions in native vegetation cover to make way for production land uses, so habitat loss is usually seen as a major threat (Sala et al. 2000; Foley et al. 2011). However, native species in lowland ecosystems are frequently exp ...
... Wilson et al. 2007). These systems have typically experienced dramatic reductions in native vegetation cover to make way for production land uses, so habitat loss is usually seen as a major threat (Sala et al. 2000; Foley et al. 2011). However, native species in lowland ecosystems are frequently exp ...
Why Beech - SUNY-ESF
... forest”. Beech is widespread in all nine forest regions that comprise Lucy Braun’s classic 1950 treatise of the deciduous forests of eastern North America. It is a characteristic species of four of those regions, and is dominant in two northerly regions including the namesake beech-maple and beech-b ...
... forest”. Beech is widespread in all nine forest regions that comprise Lucy Braun’s classic 1950 treatise of the deciduous forests of eastern North America. It is a characteristic species of four of those regions, and is dominant in two northerly regions including the namesake beech-maple and beech-b ...
exploring boston`s urban forest
... Although the phrase “right tree, right place” is common in arboriculture, the scientific knowledge base for making the best choices about which trees to plant where and how to best manage them is only just emerging. Urban environments are often highly stressful for trees, and thus species choice and ...
... Although the phrase “right tree, right place” is common in arboriculture, the scientific knowledge base for making the best choices about which trees to plant where and how to best manage them is only just emerging. Urban environments are often highly stressful for trees, and thus species choice and ...
Similarities and Differences between Harvesting- and
... mortality and soil erosion. Over time, however, disturbance can lead to forest renewal with beneficial effects on biodiversity and opportunities for human use. Emulation of natural disturbance is often recommended as a strategy for conserving biodiversity in managed forests. The underlying concept i ...
... mortality and soil erosion. Over time, however, disturbance can lead to forest renewal with beneficial effects on biodiversity and opportunities for human use. Emulation of natural disturbance is often recommended as a strategy for conserving biodiversity in managed forests. The underlying concept i ...
4 Fragmentation and Edge Effects on Plant–Animal
... emphasis on the substantial loss of tropical rainforests in Central Africa and Amazonia (Fearnside, 1996; Justice et al., 2001; Semazzi and Yi, 2001; Zhang et al., 2001). The tropical montane forests of Mexico and Central America and the temperate rainforests of southern South America have been less ...
... emphasis on the substantial loss of tropical rainforests in Central Africa and Amazonia (Fearnside, 1996; Justice et al., 2001; Semazzi and Yi, 2001; Zhang et al., 2001). The tropical montane forests of Mexico and Central America and the temperate rainforests of southern South America have been less ...
Rehabilitation and Restoration of Degraded Forests
... WWF’s vision for the forests of the world, shared with its long-standing partner, IUCN, is that: “the world will have more extensive, more diverse and higher-quality forest landscapes which will meet human needs and aspirations fairly, while conserving biological diversity and fulfilling the ecosyst ...
... WWF’s vision for the forests of the world, shared with its long-standing partner, IUCN, is that: “the world will have more extensive, more diverse and higher-quality forest landscapes which will meet human needs and aspirations fairly, while conserving biological diversity and fulfilling the ecosyst ...
Phenological diversity in tropical forests
... fluctuation in rainfall is quite unpredictable. Periods of water deficit, which are often not evident from long-term average values, do occur but their frequency, duration, timing, and severity vary from year to year (Whitmore 1984). Interestingly, the phenomenon with multiyear intervals, called gen ...
... fluctuation in rainfall is quite unpredictable. Periods of water deficit, which are often not evident from long-term average values, do occur but their frequency, duration, timing, and severity vary from year to year (Whitmore 1984). Interestingly, the phenomenon with multiyear intervals, called gen ...
Biomes
... – grow in dense patches and include chamise, manzanita, scrub oak, and herbs like sage and bay. – small, leathery leaves that contain oils that promote burning, allowing natural fires to destroy competing trees. – well adapted to fire and can resprout from small bits of surviving plant tissue. ...
... – grow in dense patches and include chamise, manzanita, scrub oak, and herbs like sage and bay. – small, leathery leaves that contain oils that promote burning, allowing natural fires to destroy competing trees. – well adapted to fire and can resprout from small bits of surviving plant tissue. ...
Sciuridae density and impacts of forest disturbance in the Sabangau
... can be attributed to a variety of factors, including deforestation, degradation, habitat conversion, climate change and fire (Elhers-Smith & Elhers-Smith, 2013; Posa et al., 2011). All are linked to human action, the most detrimental for peat being the draining and logging of vast areas which change ...
... can be attributed to a variety of factors, including deforestation, degradation, habitat conversion, climate change and fire (Elhers-Smith & Elhers-Smith, 2013; Posa et al., 2011). All are linked to human action, the most detrimental for peat being the draining and logging of vast areas which change ...
Summer and Fall Use of Logging Residue Kimberly A. Lisgo,
... but near downed wood or other cover. We used data from four female weasels in this analysis (females 1 to 4). All four females were adults (> 1 year of age) and were known to inhabit cutblocks prior to collaring. Each female was fitted with a Holohil MD2C4 transmitter weighing 2-3 grams, < 4 percen ...
... but near downed wood or other cover. We used data from four female weasels in this analysis (females 1 to 4). All four females were adults (> 1 year of age) and were known to inhabit cutblocks prior to collaring. Each female was fitted with a Holohil MD2C4 transmitter weighing 2-3 grams, < 4 percen ...
Syllabus: Principles of Forest Management
... 1. Factors underlying the present distribution and composition of rainforest communities. We begin by examining the tropical environment and identifying which resources are available for or limiting to plant growth. We will visit, discuss and structurally assess an array of forest types across the l ...
... 1. Factors underlying the present distribution and composition of rainforest communities. We begin by examining the tropical environment and identifying which resources are available for or limiting to plant growth. We will visit, discuss and structurally assess an array of forest types across the l ...
Habituation, ecotourism and research for conservation of
... very little information based on direct observation is available on western gorilla ecology, behavior and natural history, creating a crucial necessity to fill this gap. The south-western region of the Central African Republic is also characterized by the presence of natural forest clearings (‟bai‟ ...
... very little information based on direct observation is available on western gorilla ecology, behavior and natural history, creating a crucial necessity to fill this gap. The south-western region of the Central African Republic is also characterized by the presence of natural forest clearings (‟bai‟ ...
Vertical stratification of the termite assemblage in a
... as fogging, provide poor results for termites (Adis et al. 1984; Eggleton and Bignell 1995; Basset et al. 2003c; Hurtado Guerrero et al. 2003). Consequently, the current knowledge base on termite canopy assemblages is mostly limited to a few casual captures or observations and single-species studies ...
... as fogging, provide poor results for termites (Adis et al. 1984; Eggleton and Bignell 1995; Basset et al. 2003c; Hurtado Guerrero et al. 2003). Consequently, the current knowledge base on termite canopy assemblages is mostly limited to a few casual captures or observations and single-species studies ...
- New Zealand Ecological Society
... standardised to individuals per square metre to make them more comparable with past and future work. The abundance trends in logs and litter were similar, so, for further analysis, abundance in each edge or centre plot was calculated as the total number of individuals found in all five leaf litter s ...
... standardised to individuals per square metre to make them more comparable with past and future work. The abundance trends in logs and litter were similar, so, for further analysis, abundance in each edge or centre plot was calculated as the total number of individuals found in all five leaf litter s ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... Orthotropic species invest more in height growth. Beech is relatively flexible in growth strategy, capable of forming short and long shoots in relation to environmental conditions (Peters 1992), and has a leaf area index higher than of most other species (4-6 m2/m2; oak 3-4 m2/m2; pine 1-3 m2/m2; Oo ...
... Orthotropic species invest more in height growth. Beech is relatively flexible in growth strategy, capable of forming short and long shoots in relation to environmental conditions (Peters 1992), and has a leaf area index higher than of most other species (4-6 m2/m2; oak 3-4 m2/m2; pine 1-3 m2/m2; Oo ...
Biome Notes File - Northwest ISD Moodle
... • Growing on tall trees in allows them to reach the sunlight needed for photosynthesis, and to absorb the water and nutrients that run down the tree after it rains. • Most animals that live in the rain forest live in the canopy because they depend on the abundant flowers and fruits that grow there. ...
... • Growing on tall trees in allows them to reach the sunlight needed for photosynthesis, and to absorb the water and nutrients that run down the tree after it rains. • Most animals that live in the rain forest live in the canopy because they depend on the abundant flowers and fruits that grow there. ...
Forest
A forest is a large area of land covered with trees or other woody vegetation. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing and ecological function. According to the widely-used United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered an area of four billion hectares (15 million square miles) or approximately 30 percent of the world's land area in 2006.Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed across the globe. Forests account for 75% of the gross primary productivity of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earth's plant biomass.Forests at different latitudes form distinctly different ecozones: boreal forests near the poles tend to consist of evergreens, while tropical forests near the equator tend to be distinct from the temperate forests at mid-latitude. The amount of precipitation and the elevation of the forest also affects forest composition.Human society and forests influence each other in both positive and negative ways. Forests provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as tourist attractions. Forests can also impose costs, affect people's health, and interfere with tourist enjoyment. Human activities, including harvesting forest resources, can negatively affect forest ecosystems.