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Overview
Overview

... (b) Form the total number of microstates for N particles, W  W1N and calculate the entropy S and use it to find an expression for the adiabatic expansion of an ideal monatomic gas, Eq.(7). (Use S = constant or S1 = S2) For now, we assume the particles are distinguishable from each other. 7. (a) Rep ...
thermodynamics - La Salle High School
thermodynamics - La Salle High School

... Third Law of Thermodynamics If the entropy of each element in its most state is taken as zero at the absolute zero of temperature, every substance has a positive entropy. But at 0K, the entropy of substance may equals to 0, and does become zero in perfect crystalline solids. Implication: all perfec ...
$doc.title

... Enthalpy is a measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system. It includes the internal energy, which is the energy required to create a system, and the amount of energy required to make room for it by displacing its environment and establishing its volume and pressure. Enthalpy is a thermodyn ...
CHEM 240 Who am I?
CHEM 240 Who am I?

... constant, its pressure my vary over a range of values. • If the pressure of one of these systems is held constant, its volume my vary over a range of values. • Thus, V and P are independent thermodynamic variables. • When one of the systems reach equilibrium at a certain P and V, all its macroscopic ...
Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type
Section: 19–5 Topic: Irreversibility, Disorder, and Entropy Type

Thermodynamics - Clayton State University
Thermodynamics - Clayton State University

... it is much more difficult to get the full potential out of heat energy, since efficiency would require that the particles move in the same direction. Thermodynamics The science of heat transformations is called thermodynamics. Thermodynamics has 2 fundamental laws. 1st law: Energy cannot by created ...
эритмалар. эритмалар назарияси. эритмаларнинг хоссалари
эритмалар. эритмалар назарияси. эритмаларнинг хоссалари

... When the process of isobaric pressure is constant: P = const For such a state of expression for the first law of thermodynamics Q =  U + р V is rewritten as follows: QP = U2 -U1 + р(V2 -V1) = U2 - U1 + рV2 -рV1 QP = (U2 + рV2) - (U1 - рV1) The thermal effect at constant pressure is called the enth ...
I Thermodynamics - Stanford University
I Thermodynamics - Stanford University

... The field of thermodynamics began in the 19th Century as a means to enhance steam engine performance. It was soon determined that this study could be applied to a wider variety of systems. Today, thermodynamics is an important branch of physics relevant for not only engines but for material studies, ...
Document
Document

... Entropy and the Second Law The Second Law can be expressed in terms of the entropy: The entropy of an isolated system increases over the course of a spontaneous change: ΔStot > 0 Where Stot is the total entropy of the system and its surroundings. ...
Chapter 17 - Richsingiser.com
Chapter 17 - Richsingiser.com

presentation source
presentation source

... Answer: ln 63 = ln 216 = 5.38 The additional entropy of 1.91 is called “the entropy of mixing” ...
Chem 452 – Homework # 1A
Chem 452 – Homework # 1A

Introduction into thermodynamics Thermodynamic variables
Introduction into thermodynamics Thermodynamic variables

... This variable, Gibbs energy or Gibbs free energy, will be minimized in equilibrium in a system at constant temperature and pressure. Such conditions can be maintained in a laboratory or attained in nature. Gibbs free energy is therefore of central importance in thermodynamics. It is derived from in ...
Chemical Thermodynamics
Chemical Thermodynamics

... expansion work (P V work) that the system can do. Unless there is a change in the number of moles of gas present, this difference is extremely small and can usually be neglected. For an ideal gas, PV = nRT. At constant temperature and pressure, P V = (n)RT, a work term. Substituting gives: H =  ...
Survival of the Likeliest?
Survival of the Likeliest?

... branches of physics have been able to formulate the second law of thermodynamics independently. This has meant that other fields, such as computing and ecology, can use the concept of entropy, and so entropy takes rather different forms in different systems. In thermodynamics, entropy is uselessness. ...
about entropy in psoup
about entropy in psoup

... The state space of the particles can be partitioned into sub-spaces of equal size that tile the space. If the subspaces are indexed by i, and there are K sub-spaces, then we can count the number of particles in each such subspace. Represent those counts by the variables xi. Then, the K-tuple (x1, .. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

Entropy and The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy and The Second Law of Thermodynamics

... systems can decrease but only if the entropy of one or more other systems increase sufficiently for the total entropy to either remain the same or increase. For example, in the quasistatic isothermal expansion of an ideal gas system, a positive amount of heat Q is transferred to the gas at a constan ...
Entropy, free energy and equilibrium
Entropy, free energy and equilibrium

...  Matter disperses – gas fills a container, two liquids mix  Heat disperses – hot object cools on cold surface  Motion disperses – a ball stops bouncing  The reverses of these three well known processes never occur spontaneously ...
Kinetic Theory
Kinetic Theory

Ch 20 Thermodynamics
Ch 20 Thermodynamics

...  Exothermic change: Heat is lost by the system and gained by the surroundings. q sys< 0 , q surr >0, ∆ Ssurr > 0  Endothermic Change: Heat gained by the system is lost by the surroundings. q sys> 0 , q surr <0, ∆ Ssurr < 0  The change is entropy of the surroundings is α opposite charge in the hea ...
Laws of Thermodynamics
Laws of Thermodynamics

... The first law enables one to define an empirical temperature and the second law allows one to define an empirical entropy. What this means is that the laws allow us to order states with parameters t and s. Consider two states of a system labeled 1 and 2, with parameters t1 , s1 and t2 , s2 , respect ...
1. Discuss the following concepts
1. Discuss the following concepts

... 1. Discuss the following concepts (just writing formulas is not enough, use words) Enthropic principle Closed system Subsystem Distribution function Microcanonical distribution function 2. Consider N identical non-interacting 1D harmonic oscillators. The energy levels of the system will be given by: ...
Removing the Mystery of Entropy and Thermodynamics – Part III
Removing the Mystery of Entropy and Thermodynamics – Part III

... Because no state is known to be favored over any other state, it is common to assume that the W states are equally likely, each being occupied with probability 1/W. This is called the principle of equal a priori probabilities (discussed in Part V, in connection with uncertainty or, equivalently, mis ...
Entropy - RIT - People
Entropy - RIT - People

... • But heat  electricity (consumer) is 30-37% with a pulverized coal burner ...
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Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory



There are close parallels between the mathematical expressions for the thermodynamic entropy, usually denoted by S, of a physical system in the statistical thermodynamics established by Ludwig Boltzmann and J. Willard Gibbs in the 1870s, and the information-theoretic entropy, usually expressed as H, of Claude Shannon and Ralph Hartley developed in the 1940s. Shannon, although not initially aware of this similarity, commented on it upon publicizing information theory in A Mathematical Theory of Communication.This article explores what links there are between the two concepts, and how far they can be regarded as connected.
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