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LENScience Senior Biology Seminar Series Walking Upright: The
LENScience Senior Biology Seminar Series Walking Upright: The

... Box  1:  The  concept  of  FITNESS  is  central  to  understanding  evolution.    Evolutionary  fitness  is  a  measure  of  the  match  between  an  individual  and  its  environment  to  best  enable  successful  reproduction.    It  is  important  to  note  that  fitness  is  measured  as  the  a ...
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... (albeit a very useful one), there is no species boundary to be crossed. Darwin considered the mutability of species as fundamental to evolutionary theory. Belief in it—rather than in natural selection—constitutes the “paradigm shift” (to use modern language) required in order for one to be an evolut ...
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... Predisposition to obesity in humans: an evolutionary advantage turned deleterious. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 45, 159-168. Eaton, S. (1992). Humans, lipids and evolution. Lipids, 27, 814-820. Eaton, S., & Konner, M. (1985). Paleolithic nutrition: a consideration of its nat ...
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Evolutionary psychology

Evolutionary psychology (EP) is a theoretical approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological structure from a modern evolutionary perspective. It seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations – that is, the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection in human evolution. Adaptationist thinking about physiological mechanisms, such as the heart, lungs, and immune system, is common in evolutionary biology. Some evolutionary psychologists apply the same thinking to psychology, arguing that the mind has a modular structure similar to that of the body, with different modular adaptations serving different functions. Evolutionary psychologists argue that much of human behavior is the output of psychological adaptations that evolved to solve recurrent problems in human ancestral environments.Evolutionary psychologists suggest that EP is not simply a subdiscipline of psychology but that evolutionary theory can provide a foundational, metatheoretical framework that integrates the entire field of psychology, in the same way it has for biology.Evolutionary psychologists hold that behaviors or traits that occur universally in all cultures are good candidates for evolutionary adaptations including the abilities to infer others' emotions, discern kin from non-kin, identify and prefer healthier mates, and cooperate with others. They report successful tests of theoretical predictions related to such topics as infanticide, intelligence, marriage patterns, promiscuity, perception of beauty, bride price, and parental investment.The theories and findings of EP have applications in many fields, including economics, environment, health, law, management, psychiatry, politics, and literature.Controversies concerning EP involve questions of testability, cognitive and evolutionary assumptions (such as modular functioning of the brain, and large uncertainty about the ancestral environment), importance of non-genetic and non-adaptive explanations, as well as political and ethical issues due to interpretations of research results.
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