Phase retrieval in X-ray phase-contrast imaging suitable for
... different distances from the source [17]. (The same effect can also be achieved by using different amounts of defocus in, e.g., phase-contrast microscopy [19], or by taking images at different wavelengths.) This relates to the uniqueness of the retrieved phase. If only one image is captured, at a ce ...
... different distances from the source [17]. (The same effect can also be achieved by using different amounts of defocus in, e.g., phase-contrast microscopy [19], or by taking images at different wavelengths.) This relates to the uniqueness of the retrieved phase. If only one image is captured, at a ce ...
The Strontium Optical Lattice Clock
... is atomic frequency standards and clocks. Atomic clocks find significant roles in a number of scientific and technological settings. State-of-the-art, laser-cooled, Cs-fountain microwave clocks have demonstrated impressive frequency measurement accuracy, with fractional uncertainties below the 10−15 ...
... is atomic frequency standards and clocks. Atomic clocks find significant roles in a number of scientific and technological settings. State-of-the-art, laser-cooled, Cs-fountain microwave clocks have demonstrated impressive frequency measurement accuracy, with fractional uncertainties below the 10−15 ...
The Strontium Optical Lattice Clock
... is atomic frequency standards and clocks. Atomic clocks find significant roles in a number of scientific and technological settings. State-of-the-art, laser-cooled, Cs-fountain microwave clocks have demonstrated impressive frequency measurement accuracy, with fractional uncertainties below the 10−15 ...
... is atomic frequency standards and clocks. Atomic clocks find significant roles in a number of scientific and technological settings. State-of-the-art, laser-cooled, Cs-fountain microwave clocks have demonstrated impressive frequency measurement accuracy, with fractional uncertainties below the 10−15 ...
Nonradiative electron and energy transfer. Explicit
... (e.g., electrons) is mathematically expressed through effective spectral functions controlling rate constants (memory functions) in kinetic equations. If these spectral functions are exact up to second-order in the system–bath coupling, their analytical forms explicitly consist of a weighted sum of ...
... (e.g., electrons) is mathematically expressed through effective spectral functions controlling rate constants (memory functions) in kinetic equations. If these spectral functions are exact up to second-order in the system–bath coupling, their analytical forms explicitly consist of a weighted sum of ...
Ans: Optical Fiber Communication System
... transmit light between the two ends of the fiber. The field of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers is known as fiber optics. Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and ...
... transmit light between the two ends of the fiber. The field of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers is known as fiber optics. Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and ...
Variable Geometric Phase Polarization Rotators for the Visible
... described below the polarization-rotation applications with mirrors have been slow to come. These may be particularly suited for cases where transmissive devices are inadequate. Here we present two types of systems of reflectors that can be used for polarization rotation throughout the visible. The ...
... described below the polarization-rotation applications with mirrors have been slow to come. These may be particularly suited for cases where transmissive devices are inadequate. Here we present two types of systems of reflectors that can be used for polarization rotation throughout the visible. The ...
View/Open - Earth
... The density of states (DOS) can be interpreted as a probability density of exciting a single eigen-state of the electromagnetic (e.m.) field. When the plot of DOS vs. frequency over atomic transition spectral range is found to be smooth, then the rate of emission can be defined by Fermi’s golden rul ...
... The density of states (DOS) can be interpreted as a probability density of exciting a single eigen-state of the electromagnetic (e.m.) field. When the plot of DOS vs. frequency over atomic transition spectral range is found to be smooth, then the rate of emission can be defined by Fermi’s golden rul ...
"A MAP equalizer for the optical communications channel"
... PMD is a stochastic process, in all these approaches, the accumulated or approximated statistics need to be able to track the variations in the time scale that the PMD changes. This paper presents an effective and practical probability density function (pdf ) approach and uses it in a MAP equalizer ...
... PMD is a stochastic process, in all these approaches, the accumulated or approximated statistics need to be able to track the variations in the time scale that the PMD changes. This paper presents an effective and practical probability density function (pdf ) approach and uses it in a MAP equalizer ...
High visibility six-photon entanglement Magnus R˚ admark
... coincidence unit are described. The experimental results of the six-photon entangled states are presented in chapter 4. Two of many possible applications of these states, namely decoherence-free encoding and quantum telecloning are discussed in chapter 5 and 6. In the appendix the reader will find t ...
... coincidence unit are described. The experimental results of the six-photon entangled states are presented in chapter 4. Two of many possible applications of these states, namely decoherence-free encoding and quantum telecloning are discussed in chapter 5 and 6. In the appendix the reader will find t ...
(k) and Refractive Index
... two interfaces of index change on either side of the coating. In order to minimize reflection, ideally there should be a 180° phase shift between these two reflected portions when they recombine at the first interface. This phase difference correlates to a λ/2 shift of the sinusoid wave, which is be ...
... two interfaces of index change on either side of the coating. In order to minimize reflection, ideally there should be a 180° phase shift between these two reflected portions when they recombine at the first interface. This phase difference correlates to a λ/2 shift of the sinusoid wave, which is be ...
Measurement of seawater refractive index and salinity by means of
... is thereby named Conductivity-Temperature-Pressure or CTD. The CTD sensor has a given reliability and accuracy based on these three measurements.[6] Conductivity sensors will only detect the concentration of conductive materials in specific water samples. Other non-conductive materials in a water sa ...
... is thereby named Conductivity-Temperature-Pressure or CTD. The CTD sensor has a given reliability and accuracy based on these three measurements.[6] Conductivity sensors will only detect the concentration of conductive materials in specific water samples. Other non-conductive materials in a water sa ...
Photoinduced handedness switching in terahertz chiral metamolecules ARTICLE
... chirality. Similar approaches of incorporating semiconductors into subwavelength resonators have been used to actively manipulate the electromagnetic resonances of metamaterials by photoexcitation or electric bias23–26. The chirality switching in the above terahertz metamaterials was experimentally ...
... chirality. Similar approaches of incorporating semiconductors into subwavelength resonators have been used to actively manipulate the electromagnetic resonances of metamaterials by photoexcitation or electric bias23–26. The chirality switching in the above terahertz metamaterials was experimentally ...