KLH2002 - the Research Group of Angelika Kühnle
... dissociation to thiolates, followed by binding to the surface through a S±Au bond. The most favourable adsorption con®guration calculated for an LL dimer adsorbed on a four-atom-vacancy structure in the gold rows is shown in Fig. 3a. For comparison, the ®gure also shows a simulated STM image of this ...
... dissociation to thiolates, followed by binding to the surface through a S±Au bond. The most favourable adsorption con®guration calculated for an LL dimer adsorbed on a four-atom-vacancy structure in the gold rows is shown in Fig. 3a. For comparison, the ®gure also shows a simulated STM image of this ...
Tabletop nanometer extreme ultraviolet imaging in an
... need for a large number of scan positions. This also results in fewer necessary scan positions when imaging a large field of view. Third, reflection ptychography produces surface images containing quantitative amplitude and phase information about the sample that are in excellent agreement with atom ...
... need for a large number of scan positions. This also results in fewer necessary scan positions when imaging a large field of view. Third, reflection ptychography produces surface images containing quantitative amplitude and phase information about the sample that are in excellent agreement with atom ...
2 - Hal
... variables defined in Eqs. (9) and (19) and expressing the factor ch in terms of cos(z/L) according to eq.(14) one can present the generating function s in a form: ...
... variables defined in Eqs. (9) and (19) and expressing the factor ch in terms of cos(z/L) according to eq.(14) one can present the generating function s in a form: ...
A Liquid Nitrogen Immersion Cryostat for Optical
... electrical connections to liquid or frozen samples are difficult due to the fact that the holder needs to be sealed; and v) exchanging samples requires a half-hour or longer since the vacuum needs to be released, and often the entire cryostat needs to be warmed. Gas heat exchange cryostats solve man ...
... electrical connections to liquid or frozen samples are difficult due to the fact that the holder needs to be sealed; and v) exchanging samples requires a half-hour or longer since the vacuum needs to be released, and often the entire cryostat needs to be warmed. Gas heat exchange cryostats solve man ...
Synthesis and characterization of highly ordered functional
... consisted primarily of three peaks at 9.3, 20.8, and 42.3 ppm, corresponding to the C atoms of the Si–CH2–CH2–CH2–N group in sequence from left to right. These results demonstrated that the Si–C bonds are stable during the film preparation process and that the amino-functional mesoporous materials w ...
... consisted primarily of three peaks at 9.3, 20.8, and 42.3 ppm, corresponding to the C atoms of the Si–CH2–CH2–CH2–N group in sequence from left to right. These results demonstrated that the Si–C bonds are stable during the film preparation process and that the amino-functional mesoporous materials w ...
Probing atomic structure and Majorana wavefunctions in
... site 2 and conclude that the Δf variation is imputed to atomic disorders, most likely due to local topographic variations. We note that we also investigated chains without end-states and no such force contributions were observed (Supplementary Figure S4). This particular contribution in the force ch ...
... site 2 and conclude that the Δf variation is imputed to atomic disorders, most likely due to local topographic variations. We note that we also investigated chains without end-states and no such force contributions were observed (Supplementary Figure S4). This particular contribution in the force ch ...
Electron–phonon interaction and electronic decoherence in
... of the details of the quantum tunneling process in modulating charge transport [3]. Hence, by pursuing an exploration of dynamical quantum phenomena at the molecular level one may also expect to be more prepared to discover Her hidden ways. A paradigmatic example of the above situation is the electr ...
... of the details of the quantum tunneling process in modulating charge transport [3]. Hence, by pursuing an exploration of dynamical quantum phenomena at the molecular level one may also expect to be more prepared to discover Her hidden ways. A paradigmatic example of the above situation is the electr ...
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
... illumination. This makes it easy to visualise the sample and provide a high contrast in the observation ...
... illumination. This makes it easy to visualise the sample and provide a high contrast in the observation ...
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... minimizes possible misinterpretations of intensity information, such as in the twopoint example discussed above. In addition, the effects of aberrations or an angled illumination source are readily observed in the Siemens star target (for example, see ref. 17), and will thus be more evident in this ...
... minimizes possible misinterpretations of intensity information, such as in the twopoint example discussed above. In addition, the effects of aberrations or an angled illumination source are readily observed in the Siemens star target (for example, see ref. 17), and will thus be more evident in this ...
A tunable two-impurity Kondo system in an atomic point contact
... in, the peak splits into two resonances at almost symmetric positions with respect to zero bias. The splitting increases with decreasing tip-sample distance (Fig. 3(b), (c)). We note that all data shown in this work is obtained from reversible, non-destructive measurements, where STM images taken be ...
... in, the peak splits into two resonances at almost symmetric positions with respect to zero bias. The splitting increases with decreasing tip-sample distance (Fig. 3(b), (c)). We note that all data shown in this work is obtained from reversible, non-destructive measurements, where STM images taken be ...
Toward the development of a Three-Dimensional Mid–Field Microscope
... slightly improves the spatial resolution of conventional microscopy3 (a factor of 2 ). Near field microscopy4 improves the resolution much further and allows an optical resolution of ~50 nm in the plane and ~5 nm along the optical axis (perpendicular to the sample surface). This is achieved by a se ...
... slightly improves the spatial resolution of conventional microscopy3 (a factor of 2 ). Near field microscopy4 improves the resolution much further and allows an optical resolution of ~50 nm in the plane and ~5 nm along the optical axis (perpendicular to the sample surface). This is achieved by a se ...
Electronic structure of molecular van der Waals complexes with
... molecules represent the functional groups present in the systems studied experimentally with STM;4–16 they will be referred to as the ‘‘small molecules’’. To investigate the inter- ...
... molecules represent the functional groups present in the systems studied experimentally with STM;4–16 they will be referred to as the ‘‘small molecules’’. To investigate the inter- ...
High Throughput Bioanalytical Sample Preparation, Vol 5. Progress in
... liquid-liquid extraction; solid-phase extraction; and various on-line techniques. The text begins with an introductory overview of the role of bioanalysis in pharmaceutical drug development. Fundamental understanding of the strategies for sample preparation is reinforced next, along with essential c ...
... liquid-liquid extraction; solid-phase extraction; and various on-line techniques. The text begins with an introductory overview of the role of bioanalysis in pharmaceutical drug development. Fundamental understanding of the strategies for sample preparation is reinforced next, along with essential c ...
Large Gate Modulation in the Current of a Room Temperature
... a series of steps in the conductance (Figure 1c). Histograms constructed with 1000 individual measurements show peaks located near integer multiples of a fundamental conductance value, 1.2 × 10-5 G0, where G0 ) 2e2/h ≈ 77 µS, with e the electron charge and h the Planck constant, which is identified ...
... a series of steps in the conductance (Figure 1c). Histograms constructed with 1000 individual measurements show peaks located near integer multiples of a fundamental conductance value, 1.2 × 10-5 G0, where G0 ) 2e2/h ≈ 77 µS, with e the electron charge and h the Planck constant, which is identified ...
Mesoscopic Effects in the Fractional Quantum Hall Regime: Chiral Luttinger... versus Fermi Liquid
... Thus, the AB oscillation amplitude exhibits a crossover from the well-known T 2q22 CLL behavior to a new scaling behavior that is much closer to a chiral Fermi liquid. Careful measurements in this experimentally accessible regime should be able to distinguish between a Fermi liquid and our predicted ...
... Thus, the AB oscillation amplitude exhibits a crossover from the well-known T 2q22 CLL behavior to a new scaling behavior that is much closer to a chiral Fermi liquid. Careful measurements in this experimentally accessible regime should be able to distinguish between a Fermi liquid and our predicted ...
(1–1.5 kV) nitrogen-ion bombardment on sharply pointed tips
... compared with results calculated using the TRIM.SP Monte Carlo code. This comparison implies that the ionized nitrogen molecules ~N11 2 !, generated by the field-emitted electrons, obtain the full potential energy of the tip before bombarding the tip’s surface and then dissociating into nitrogen ion ...
... compared with results calculated using the TRIM.SP Monte Carlo code. This comparison implies that the ionized nitrogen molecules ~N11 2 !, generated by the field-emitted electrons, obtain the full potential energy of the tip before bombarding the tip’s surface and then dissociating into nitrogen ion ...
Switching via quantum activation: A parametrically modulated oscillator 兲
... interstate tunneling. The diffusion has quantum origin and accompanies relaxation to the stable state. We find the semiclassical distribution over quasienergy. For T = 0, where the system has detailed balance, this distribution differs from the distribution for T → 0; the T = 0 distribution is also ...
... interstate tunneling. The diffusion has quantum origin and accompanies relaxation to the stable state. We find the semiclassical distribution over quasienergy. For T = 0, where the system has detailed balance, this distribution differs from the distribution for T → 0; the T = 0 distribution is also ...
Absolute Specular Reflectance Measurements at Fixed
... which not only has been calibrated at the same angle and beam polarization as the intended sample measurement but also has general reflectance characteristics similar to those of the sample. Measurements with the PELA 6000 VN Series accessories do not suffer from such difficulties in finding suitab ...
... which not only has been calibrated at the same angle and beam polarization as the intended sample measurement but also has general reflectance characteristics similar to those of the sample. Measurements with the PELA 6000 VN Series accessories do not suffer from such difficulties in finding suitab ...
K. S. Al Mugren, Y. El Sayed, H. Shoukry, A. El Taher
... The calorimetric measurements of prepared glasses were carried out in Setaram (DSC 131 Evo). Temperature and energy calibrations of the instrument were performed using the wellknown melting temperatures and melting enthalpies of high purity indium and zinc. For nonisothermal experiments, the prepare ...
... The calorimetric measurements of prepared glasses were carried out in Setaram (DSC 131 Evo). Temperature and energy calibrations of the instrument were performed using the wellknown melting temperatures and melting enthalpies of high purity indium and zinc. For nonisothermal experiments, the prepare ...
my title - Ohio University Physics and Astronomy
... (Fig. 4). Due to different directions, the tip-atom distance increases and the tip-atom interaction reduces. Finally, the atom is traveling by visiting only single sites, either fcc or hcp, again (larger steps). Continuation of the tip movement along 10° path leads to increase the tip-atom distance ...
... (Fig. 4). Due to different directions, the tip-atom distance increases and the tip-atom interaction reduces. Finally, the atom is traveling by visiting only single sites, either fcc or hcp, again (larger steps). Continuation of the tip movement along 10° path leads to increase the tip-atom distance ...
Chemistry Review: Strategies for the CRQ`s
... does HCl(aq) react with Zn(s), but HCl(aq) does not react with Cu(s)? ...
... does HCl(aq) react with Zn(s), but HCl(aq) does not react with Cu(s)? ...
V. The Scanning Electron Microscope A. The instrument The most
... given for TEM in Ch. 1. For a typical SEM operating at 20 kV (λ = 0.08589 Å) with Cs = 20 mm, dopt = 2.3 nm. As the probe diameter decreases, its current also decreases. The relationship can be quantified for thermionic emission by the Pease-Nixon equation: ...
... given for TEM in Ch. 1. For a typical SEM operating at 20 kV (λ = 0.08589 Å) with Cs = 20 mm, dopt = 2.3 nm. As the probe diameter decreases, its current also decreases. The relationship can be quantified for thermionic emission by the Pease-Nixon equation: ...
Time-of-Flight Measurements of Single
... Electronic analogues of photonic quantum-optics experiments, so-called “electron quantum optics”, can be performed using the beams of single-electron wave packets. The demonstration of entanglement and multi-particle interference with such wave packets would set the stage for quantumtechnology appli ...
... Electronic analogues of photonic quantum-optics experiments, so-called “electron quantum optics”, can be performed using the beams of single-electron wave packets. The demonstration of entanglement and multi-particle interference with such wave packets would set the stage for quantumtechnology appli ...
IJCA 47A(6) 815-820
... interact with the cation derived from CTAB, i.e., CTA+. Thus, the ionic interaction directs the growth of the mesostructure. If instead an anionic template had been used there would be no ionic interactions between two negatively charged species. As far as the use of non-ionic templates is concerned ...
... interact with the cation derived from CTAB, i.e., CTA+. Thus, the ionic interaction directs the growth of the mesostructure. If instead an anionic template had been used there would be no ionic interactions between two negatively charged species. As far as the use of non-ionic templates is concerned ...
Three-Dimensional Mapping of Near-Field Interactions via Single-Photon Tomography Benjamin D. Mangum,
... can also be analyzed in real time using a commercial lockin amplifier (Stanford Research Systems).27,30 These real time signals are primarily used for aligning the tip and laser and to produce one- and two-dimensional maps of the near-field coupling between the tip and sample. To obtain three-dimens ...
... can also be analyzed in real time using a commercial lockin amplifier (Stanford Research Systems).27,30 These real time signals are primarily used for aligning the tip and laser and to produce one- and two-dimensional maps of the near-field coupling between the tip and sample. To obtain three-dimens ...
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), an extension of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), is used to provide information about the density of electrons in a sample as a function of their energy.In scanning tunneling microscopy, a metal tip is moved over a conducting sample without making mechanical contact. A bias voltage between the sample and tip allows a current to flow between the tip and the sample even though they are not in contact. This can occur because of quantum mechanical tunneling, hence the name of the instrument.The scanning tunneling microscope is used to obtain ""topographs"" - topographic maps - of surfaces. The tip is rastered across a surface and (in constant current mode), a constant current is maintained between the tip and the sample by adjusting the height of the tip. A plot of the tip height at all measurement positions on the raster provides the topograph. These topographic images can obtain information that is atomically resolved, and images of metal and semiconductor surfaces can be obtained with atomic precision.However, the scanning tunneling microscope does not measure the height of surface features. This can be shown when a molecule is adsorbed on a surface. The STM image may appear to have either increased or decreased height at that feature, although the geometry alone is certainly an increased height. A detailed analysis of the way in which an image is formed shows that the transmission of the electric current between the tip and the sample depends on two factors: (1) the geometry of the sample and (2) the arrangement of the electrons in the sample. The arrangement of the electrons in the sample is described quantum mechanically by an ""electron density"". The electron density is a function of both position and energy, and is formally described as the local density of electron states, abbreviated as local density of states (LDOS), which is a function of energy.Spectroscopy, in its most general sense, refers to a measurement of the number of something as a function of energy. For scanning tunneling spectroscopy the scanning tunneling microscope is used to measure the number of electrons (the LDOS) as a function of the electron energy. The electron energy is set by the electrical potential difference (voltage) between the sample and the tip. The location is set by the position of the tip.At its simplest, a ""scanning tunneling spectrum"" is obtained by placing a scanning tunneling microscope tip above a particular place on the sample. With the height of the tip fixed, the electron tunneling current is then measured as a function of electron energy by varying the voltage between the tip and the sample (the tip to sample voltage sets the electron energy). The change of the current with the energy of the electrons is the simplest spectrum that can be obtained, it is often referred to as an I-V curve. As is shown below, it is the slope of the I-V curve at each voltage (often called the dI/dV-curve) which is more fundamental because dI/dV corresponds to the electron density of states at the local position of the tip, the LDOS.