Microscopes - Biozentrum
... Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy illumination technique in which small phase shifts in the light passing through a transparent specimen are converted into amplitude or contrast changes in the image. A phase contrast microscope does not require staining to view the slide. This type ...
... Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy illumination technique in which small phase shifts in the light passing through a transparent specimen are converted into amplitude or contrast changes in the image. A phase contrast microscope does not require staining to view the slide. This type ...
Ru3(CO)12 Adsorption and Decomposition on TiO2
... comparison. The peaks are presented as-acquired with their relative peak intensities; each is labeled with its assigned symmetry, either A2′′ (for the vibrational mode fully axial with respect to the Ru3 plane) or E′ (for the equatorial vibrational modes). The spectral features for the adsorbed spec ...
... comparison. The peaks are presented as-acquired with their relative peak intensities; each is labeled with its assigned symmetry, either A2′′ (for the vibrational mode fully axial with respect to the Ru3 plane) or E′ (for the equatorial vibrational modes). The spectral features for the adsorbed spec ...
Thesis Manuscript - Materials Physics Center
... is the field of Nano-Plasmonics, which describes the light interaction with nanostructured metallic systems. The optical response of these nanostructures is determined by a collective resonance of conduction electrons which depends on geometrical and compositional factors as well as on the frequency ...
... is the field of Nano-Plasmonics, which describes the light interaction with nanostructured metallic systems. The optical response of these nanostructures is determined by a collective resonance of conduction electrons which depends on geometrical and compositional factors as well as on the frequency ...
Mechanical monitoring of the degradation of hydrogels
... hydrogels over time under the action of chemical stimulus. Measurements were conducted non-destructively and without contact. The instrument has an innovative feature of removable and sterilizable sample holder that can be stored in a controlled environment (e.g. incubator, under cell growth medium) ...
... hydrogels over time under the action of chemical stimulus. Measurements were conducted non-destructively and without contact. The instrument has an innovative feature of removable and sterilizable sample holder that can be stored in a controlled environment (e.g. incubator, under cell growth medium) ...
Sub-THz Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy based on a Martin
... actively accomplished by the computer-controlled interferometer arm. Its precision is 0.5 µm or 1/2000 the wave length of 260 GHz radiation, and the adjustment within one λ is accomplished in less than a second. While the phase is user-controlled before each ESR scan in this proof-of-principle study ...
... actively accomplished by the computer-controlled interferometer arm. Its precision is 0.5 µm or 1/2000 the wave length of 260 GHz radiation, and the adjustment within one λ is accomplished in less than a second. While the phase is user-controlled before each ESR scan in this proof-of-principle study ...
EBSD SEM TEM
... When the radiation from the probe source strikes on the sample, interaction with the matter occurs. This interaction is measured and reveals the characteristics of the microstructure. Of course the intention is to obtain maximum information with the least amount of damage to the sample . A general r ...
... When the radiation from the probe source strikes on the sample, interaction with the matter occurs. This interaction is measured and reveals the characteristics of the microstructure. Of course the intention is to obtain maximum information with the least amount of damage to the sample . A general r ...
Optical spectroscopy and electronic structure of the face-centered icosahedral quasicrystals Zn- R
... transitions. Investigations of decagonal quasicrystalline AlCo-Cu,10 Al-Co-Cu-Si,10 and Al-Ni-Co11 phases show an essential reduction of the Drude-type response in the plane of quasicrystalline atomic arrangement as compared to the optical response in the periodic, crystalline direction. Our previou ...
... transitions. Investigations of decagonal quasicrystalline AlCo-Cu,10 Al-Co-Cu-Si,10 and Al-Ni-Co11 phases show an essential reduction of the Drude-type response in the plane of quasicrystalline atomic arrangement as compared to the optical response in the periodic, crystalline direction. Our previou ...
X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Probe Microscopy
... microscope (STM) permits direct imaging of atoms. Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) includes Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and a variety of related experimental techniques. These are experimental methods that are used to image both ...
... microscope (STM) permits direct imaging of atoms. Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) includes Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and a variety of related experimental techniques. These are experimental methods that are used to image both ...
Band Mapping Across a pn-Junction in a Nanorod by Scanning
... recording tunneling current at different points on the nanorods at 77 K. From the DOS spectra, we could locate the conduction and valence band-edges across the Cu2S and the CdS nanorods and also along the pn-junction. The band-edges at the terminals of a pn-junction resembled that of CdS and of Cu2S ...
... recording tunneling current at different points on the nanorods at 77 K. From the DOS spectra, we could locate the conduction and valence band-edges across the Cu2S and the CdS nanorods and also along the pn-junction. The band-edges at the terminals of a pn-junction resembled that of CdS and of Cu2S ...
Finding a needle in a haystack - Centre for Process Systems
... did not appear on the AFM topography image (indicated by the white arrows in Figures 4B and C). One of the possible reasons for this is the temporary sticking of small SWCNT on the hot spot. This is characterised by the appearance of the enhanced signal in a straight horizontal line. Another possibl ...
... did not appear on the AFM topography image (indicated by the white arrows in Figures 4B and C). One of the possible reasons for this is the temporary sticking of small SWCNT on the hot spot. This is characterised by the appearance of the enhanced signal in a straight horizontal line. Another possibl ...
Optical properties of metals and alloys
... The first type of critical point occurs at the place whose positions in k-space can be predicted from symmetry alone. ...
... The first type of critical point occurs at the place whose positions in k-space can be predicted from symmetry alone. ...
Band Gap Extraction from Individual Two
... channel was chosen whereas for the core-loss EELS measurements a dispersion of 0.2 eV/channel was used. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) for the VEELS measurements was 0.20 eV. In total, 20 sheets have been studied, and data have been acquired at five different positions of each sheet. To obtain ...
... channel was chosen whereas for the core-loss EELS measurements a dispersion of 0.2 eV/channel was used. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) for the VEELS measurements was 0.20 eV. In total, 20 sheets have been studied, and data have been acquired at five different positions of each sheet. To obtain ...
Ionization of High-Density Deep Donor Defect States Explains the
... with ultrahigh purity argon for 5 min. Purging was performed each time a new sample was introduced into the chamber or after 1 hour passed. I.10 Photoelectrochemical Measurements. The iron pyrite photoelectrodes were fabricated by mounting a {100}-faceted single crystal to a glass tubes using insula ...
... with ultrahigh purity argon for 5 min. Purging was performed each time a new sample was introduced into the chamber or after 1 hour passed. I.10 Photoelectrochemical Measurements. The iron pyrite photoelectrodes were fabricated by mounting a {100}-faceted single crystal to a glass tubes using insula ...
ХИМИЯ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
... 33.6; 35.3. Determine whether there is a significant difference between the experimental mean and the expected value at α = 0.05. 1.40. To test a spectrophotometer for its accuracy, a solution of 60.06 ppm K2Cr2O7 in 5.0 mM H2SO4 is prepared and analyzed. This solution has a known absorbance of 0.64 ...
... 33.6; 35.3. Determine whether there is a significant difference between the experimental mean and the expected value at α = 0.05. 1.40. To test a spectrophotometer for its accuracy, a solution of 60.06 ppm K2Cr2O7 in 5.0 mM H2SO4 is prepared and analyzed. This solution has a known absorbance of 0.64 ...
Thesis - Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung
... structures, devices, and systems with at least one novel/superior characteristic or property. This highly interdisciplinary field, which includes chemistry, physics, materials science and biology, attracted wide interest from both fundamental and technological points of view and promises breakthroug ...
... structures, devices, and systems with at least one novel/superior characteristic or property. This highly interdisciplinary field, which includes chemistry, physics, materials science and biology, attracted wide interest from both fundamental and technological points of view and promises breakthroug ...
Applying an information transmission approach to extract valence
... information by combining a series of exit waves (that is the high energy complex electron waves at back surface), based on an interpretation of dynamical scattering using an information transmission approach. To facilitate the understanding, the paper is structured as follows: after briefly introduci ...
... information by combining a series of exit waves (that is the high energy complex electron waves at back surface), based on an interpretation of dynamical scattering using an information transmission approach. To facilitate the understanding, the paper is structured as follows: after briefly introduci ...
Chapter 3 Notes
... Analyze We are told that isopropyl alcohol contains C, H, and O atoms and given the quantities of CO 2 and H2O produced when a given quantity of the alcohol is combusted. We must use this information to determine the empirical formula for isopropyl alcohol, a task that requires us to calculate the n ...
... Analyze We are told that isopropyl alcohol contains C, H, and O atoms and given the quantities of CO 2 and H2O produced when a given quantity of the alcohol is combusted. We must use this information to determine the empirical formula for isopropyl alcohol, a task that requires us to calculate the n ...
Simulation of optical near and far fields of dielectric apertureless
... constant were found to be adequately captured by these simple models. Simulating a spherical tip can give important additional insights [18] but it was soon found that the actual tip shape may indeed have considerable impact on the near field enhancement and observable far field intensities [19–23]. ...
... constant were found to be adequately captured by these simple models. Simulating a spherical tip can give important additional insights [18] but it was soon found that the actual tip shape may indeed have considerable impact on the near field enhancement and observable far field intensities [19–23]. ...
polygonal mirror laser scanning heads: characteristic functions
... between the downdeflected and updeflected rays – Eq. (10). Therefore for PMs with few facets, as for dimensional measurements in industry, there is a large angular domain, for example 4α = 144° for the usual pentagonal PM. This gives the possibility to measure significant linear dimensions with a PM ...
... between the downdeflected and updeflected rays – Eq. (10). Therefore for PMs with few facets, as for dimensional measurements in industry, there is a large angular domain, for example 4α = 144° for the usual pentagonal PM. This gives the possibility to measure significant linear dimensions with a PM ...
Electronic Correlations in Transport through Coupled Quantum Dots V 82, N 17
... sJyTK0 , tyGd parameter space, through the N . 2 regime, as displayed in Fig. 2. In practice, the exchange J is not an independent parameter, but is a function of the interdot tunneling, J , t 2 yU. The contour plot above must thus be intersected by a curve JyTK0 astyGd2 , with a ; G 2 yUTK0 , in ...
... sJyTK0 , tyGd parameter space, through the N . 2 regime, as displayed in Fig. 2. In practice, the exchange J is not an independent parameter, but is a function of the interdot tunneling, J , t 2 yU. The contour plot above must thus be intersected by a curve JyTK0 astyGd2 , with a ; G 2 yUTK0 , in ...
Aalborg Universitet Near-field electrospinning of dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides
... techniques, such as metal stripes [3–5] and v-grooves [6,7] have already been investigated. The strong lateral confinement can be also achieved by depositing polymer stripes on a metal surface and using them as waveguides [8–11]. Near field investigation of such dielectricloaded SPP waveguides (DLSP ...
... techniques, such as metal stripes [3–5] and v-grooves [6,7] have already been investigated. The strong lateral confinement can be also achieved by depositing polymer stripes on a metal surface and using them as waveguides [8–11]. Near field investigation of such dielectricloaded SPP waveguides (DLSP ...
High resolution transmission electron microscopy
... fronts to bend more strongly at the outside of the lens than those close to the axis ...
... fronts to bend more strongly at the outside of the lens than those close to the axis ...
TEM - Department of Mechanical Engineering
... Broglie wavelength of electrons was many orders of magnitude smaller than that for light, theoretically allowing for imaging at atomic scales. In April 1932, Ruska suggested the construction of a new electron microscope for direct imaging of specimens inserted into the microscope, rather than simple ...
... Broglie wavelength of electrons was many orders of magnitude smaller than that for light, theoretically allowing for imaging at atomic scales. In April 1932, Ruska suggested the construction of a new electron microscope for direct imaging of specimens inserted into the microscope, rather than simple ...
Thermopower of atomic-size metallic contacts
... conductance values, a density plot was constructed from the combined data of the 72 and 148 individual curves from sample 1 and 2, respectively (Fig. 3). The conductance axis was divided into 10 partitions per G0 and the thermopower axis in partitions of 0.125 µV/K. Then, the number of data points f ...
... conductance values, a density plot was constructed from the combined data of the 72 and 148 individual curves from sample 1 and 2, respectively (Fig. 3). The conductance axis was divided into 10 partitions per G0 and the thermopower axis in partitions of 0.125 µV/K. Then, the number of data points f ...
Structural Transformations of Zinc Oxide Layers on Pt(111)
... Pt(111) (3.25 and 2.78 Å, respectively). Six Pt(111) surface unit cells coincide with five ZnO(0001) cells, resulting in a Pt(111)-(6 × 6) superstructure. In addition, a honeycomblike Pt(111)-(4 × 4) structure was often observed (see, for example, Figure 1b). Henceforth we refer to the respective str ...
... Pt(111) (3.25 and 2.78 Å, respectively). Six Pt(111) surface unit cells coincide with five ZnO(0001) cells, resulting in a Pt(111)-(6 × 6) superstructure. In addition, a honeycomblike Pt(111)-(4 × 4) structure was often observed (see, for example, Figure 1b). Henceforth we refer to the respective str ...
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), an extension of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), is used to provide information about the density of electrons in a sample as a function of their energy.In scanning tunneling microscopy, a metal tip is moved over a conducting sample without making mechanical contact. A bias voltage between the sample and tip allows a current to flow between the tip and the sample even though they are not in contact. This can occur because of quantum mechanical tunneling, hence the name of the instrument.The scanning tunneling microscope is used to obtain ""topographs"" - topographic maps - of surfaces. The tip is rastered across a surface and (in constant current mode), a constant current is maintained between the tip and the sample by adjusting the height of the tip. A plot of the tip height at all measurement positions on the raster provides the topograph. These topographic images can obtain information that is atomically resolved, and images of metal and semiconductor surfaces can be obtained with atomic precision.However, the scanning tunneling microscope does not measure the height of surface features. This can be shown when a molecule is adsorbed on a surface. The STM image may appear to have either increased or decreased height at that feature, although the geometry alone is certainly an increased height. A detailed analysis of the way in which an image is formed shows that the transmission of the electric current between the tip and the sample depends on two factors: (1) the geometry of the sample and (2) the arrangement of the electrons in the sample. The arrangement of the electrons in the sample is described quantum mechanically by an ""electron density"". The electron density is a function of both position and energy, and is formally described as the local density of electron states, abbreviated as local density of states (LDOS), which is a function of energy.Spectroscopy, in its most general sense, refers to a measurement of the number of something as a function of energy. For scanning tunneling spectroscopy the scanning tunneling microscope is used to measure the number of electrons (the LDOS) as a function of the electron energy. The electron energy is set by the electrical potential difference (voltage) between the sample and the tip. The location is set by the position of the tip.At its simplest, a ""scanning tunneling spectrum"" is obtained by placing a scanning tunneling microscope tip above a particular place on the sample. With the height of the tip fixed, the electron tunneling current is then measured as a function of electron energy by varying the voltage between the tip and the sample (the tip to sample voltage sets the electron energy). The change of the current with the energy of the electrons is the simplest spectrum that can be obtained, it is often referred to as an I-V curve. As is shown below, it is the slope of the I-V curve at each voltage (often called the dI/dV-curve) which is more fundamental because dI/dV corresponds to the electron density of states at the local position of the tip, the LDOS.