PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... predominantly transported by electrons and holds to a good approximation when scattering is mostly elastic14. This is largely valid for bulk metals at high and low temperature and also expected for metallic point contacts. Verification of the WF law for metallic nanostructures, however, has proved t ...
... predominantly transported by electrons and holds to a good approximation when scattering is mostly elastic14. This is largely valid for bulk metals at high and low temperature and also expected for metallic point contacts. Verification of the WF law for metallic nanostructures, however, has proved t ...
An accurate technique to record the angular distribution of
... of coherent backscattering puts high demands on the accuracy of a setup. A technique suitable for coherent backscattering experiments can therefore be applied to any situation where the angular distribution of backscattered light must be known accurately, for instance for backscattering experiments ...
... of coherent backscattering puts high demands on the accuracy of a setup. A technique suitable for coherent backscattering experiments can therefore be applied to any situation where the angular distribution of backscattered light must be known accurately, for instance for backscattering experiments ...
Growth Mechanism and Electronic Structure of Zn3P2 on the Ga
... 2.2. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy (STM and STS). The STM and STS characterizations were carried out in a separate UHV chamber (base pressure of ∼2 × 10−11 Torr) which was connected directly to the MBE chamber by a UHV sample transfer system. The analysis of the surface topography w ...
... 2.2. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy (STM and STS). The STM and STS characterizations were carried out in a separate UHV chamber (base pressure of ∼2 × 10−11 Torr) which was connected directly to the MBE chamber by a UHV sample transfer system. The analysis of the surface topography w ...
pdf
... Most textbooks on modern physics and quantum mechanics have a discussion of quantum tunneling. The discussion is remarkably similar throughout these books, with the main difference being that modern physics textbooks give less detail. Tunneling is defined as a wave function passing through a potenti ...
... Most textbooks on modern physics and quantum mechanics have a discussion of quantum tunneling. The discussion is remarkably similar throughout these books, with the main difference being that modern physics textbooks give less detail. Tunneling is defined as a wave function passing through a potenti ...
Charge transport across ultrathin semiconducting molecular layers
... 1) For V < 0.15V and T > 100 - 140 K, hopping conduction dominates; 2) At T = T1: transition from thermally activated transport to tunneling; 3) Strong temperature dependence for T > T1 associated to impurity/defect (ID) sites; ...
... 1) For V < 0.15V and T > 100 - 140 K, hopping conduction dominates; 2) At T = T1: transition from thermally activated transport to tunneling; 3) Strong temperature dependence for T > T1 associated to impurity/defect (ID) sites; ...
PRACTICE EXERCISE - Needham.K12.ma.us
... (c) The left box (reactants) contains four O2 molecules and eight NO molecules. Thus, the molecular ratio is one O2 for each two NO as required by the balanced equation. The right box (products) contains eight NO 2 molecules. The number of NO2 molecules on the right equals the number of NO molecules ...
... (c) The left box (reactants) contains four O2 molecules and eight NO molecules. Thus, the molecular ratio is one O2 for each two NO as required by the balanced equation. The right box (products) contains eight NO 2 molecules. The number of NO2 molecules on the right equals the number of NO molecules ...
i h/e MAGNETIC FLUX MODULATION OF THE ENERGY GAP IN
... chirality vector. For example, depending on their chirality, the resulting single-electron energy spectra may or may not have gap at the Fermi energy, so the nanotubes can be either semiconducting or metallic4,5,6,7,8,9,10. Currently, at the production level, there is no reliable way to produce a ca ...
... chirality vector. For example, depending on their chirality, the resulting single-electron energy spectra may or may not have gap at the Fermi energy, so the nanotubes can be either semiconducting or metallic4,5,6,7,8,9,10. Currently, at the production level, there is no reliable way to produce a ca ...
Directional Reflection measurements on
... M2 is a spherical mirror that compensates for the elongated optical path. The optical design is optimised to get the smallest possible measurement spots on the sample (approximately 6 mm wide and 10 mm high at 15 degrees). In the case of a measurement at near-normal incidence, the angle of incidence ...
... M2 is a spherical mirror that compensates for the elongated optical path. The optical design is optimised to get the smallest possible measurement spots on the sample (approximately 6 mm wide and 10 mm high at 15 degrees). In the case of a measurement at near-normal incidence, the angle of incidence ...
Three-dimensional imaging by optical sectioning in the aberration
... the resolution in the longitudinal direction. In light optics, there exists a large body of work concerning the deconvolution of the blurring caused by imaging systems in three dimensions for both confocal and widefield microscopes (McNally et al. 1999; Conchello & Lichtman 2005). At present, confoca ...
... the resolution in the longitudinal direction. In light optics, there exists a large body of work concerning the deconvolution of the blurring caused by imaging systems in three dimensions for both confocal and widefield microscopes (McNally et al. 1999; Conchello & Lichtman 2005). At present, confoca ...
Document
... On the left the 1st harmonic signal is collected at fixed amplitude while changing the tipsample distance. Even for tip-sample distance > 200nm ther is a huge signal, arising from cantilever scattering and independent of tip-sample interaction On the right the 2nd harmonic is collected, the backgrou ...
... On the left the 1st harmonic signal is collected at fixed amplitude while changing the tipsample distance. Even for tip-sample distance > 200nm ther is a huge signal, arising from cantilever scattering and independent of tip-sample interaction On the right the 2nd harmonic is collected, the backgrou ...
7_SNOM
... On the left the 1st harmonic signal is collected at fixed amplitude while changing the tipsample distance. Even for tip-sample distance > 200nm ther is a huge signal, arising from cantilever scattering and independent of tip-sample interaction On the right the 2nd harmonic is collected, the backgrou ...
... On the left the 1st harmonic signal is collected at fixed amplitude while changing the tipsample distance. Even for tip-sample distance > 200nm ther is a huge signal, arising from cantilever scattering and independent of tip-sample interaction On the right the 2nd harmonic is collected, the backgrou ...
Imaging transport: optical measurements of
... differences between this and cathodoluminescence (CL) is that the spatial resolution from the recombination is maintained. This has the advantage for cases in which the diffusion or drift of charge produces luminescence at locations away from the generation point. In this work, drift behavior has be ...
... differences between this and cathodoluminescence (CL) is that the spatial resolution from the recombination is maintained. This has the advantage for cases in which the diffusion or drift of charge produces luminescence at locations away from the generation point. In this work, drift behavior has be ...
Document
... Propagation of holes and doublons is coupled to spin excitations. Neglect spontaneous doublon production and relaxation. Doublon production due to lattice modulation perturbation ...
... Propagation of holes and doublons is coupled to spin excitations. Neglect spontaneous doublon production and relaxation. Doublon production due to lattice modulation perturbation ...
Experimental study of Bloch vector analysis in nonlinear, finite
... forbidden bands for wave propagation, the Bloch vector plays a leading role in describing the band structure [1,2]. In this article we focus on simple 1D periodic systems (layered structures or Bragg gratings [2]) because of their intrinsically simpler fabrication procedures and easier theoretical a ...
... forbidden bands for wave propagation, the Bloch vector plays a leading role in describing the band structure [1,2]. In this article we focus on simple 1D periodic systems (layered structures or Bragg gratings [2]) because of their intrinsically simpler fabrication procedures and easier theoretical a ...
Negative photoconductivity due to coherent trapping of electrons in
... has been used as a model system for the Hydrogen atom in large magnetic fields. These spectra are studied at liquid helium temperature by monitoring the magnetic field dependence of the photoconductive signal while sweeping the magnetic field at constant THz frequency radiation. Commonly, an optical ...
... has been used as a model system for the Hydrogen atom in large magnetic fields. These spectra are studied at liquid helium temperature by monitoring the magnetic field dependence of the photoconductive signal while sweeping the magnetic field at constant THz frequency radiation. Commonly, an optical ...
Enhancement of coherent X-ray diffraction from nanocrystals by
... downwards. Once these deviations are understood, they can be tailored for the purposes of engineering new industrial materials. New technologies are emerging for the fabrication of the materials. Structural characterization of nanomaterials is usually achieved by electron microscopy, even though the ...
... downwards. Once these deviations are understood, they can be tailored for the purposes of engineering new industrial materials. New technologies are emerging for the fabrication of the materials. Structural characterization of nanomaterials is usually achieved by electron microscopy, even though the ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... down based on the different start points. This example corresponds to the situation where a beam of light is incident on a medium. Some of the photons will pass through and the other will be reflected based on their different initial phases or quantum states. Now let H 0 < H . If the walker still wa ...
... down based on the different start points. This example corresponds to the situation where a beam of light is incident on a medium. Some of the photons will pass through and the other will be reflected based on their different initial phases or quantum states. Now let H 0 < H . If the walker still wa ...
Kondo-model for quantum-dots with spin
... in the dark area of the Coulomb diamond. Fig from ref. Fig. from [12] 3.3 The process leading to the Kondo effect in a odd-N quantum dot. Being a quantum particle, the spin-down electron may tunnel out of the dot to briefly occupy a classically forbidden ’virtual state’ outside the dot, and then be re ...
... in the dark area of the Coulomb diamond. Fig from ref. Fig. from [12] 3.3 The process leading to the Kondo effect in a odd-N quantum dot. Being a quantum particle, the spin-down electron may tunnel out of the dot to briefly occupy a classically forbidden ’virtual state’ outside the dot, and then be re ...
Fiberoptic Sample Holder (FOSH): Characteristics and Uses APPLICATION NOTE 1056-201
... The sample-holder section of the FOSH consists of a spring-loaded slide assembly of nested quartz tubes. The sample-holder components are almost entirely quartz, which minimizes the magnetic background signal from the sample holder. Samples are mounted in a small quartz bucket that has a quartz lid ...
... The sample-holder section of the FOSH consists of a spring-loaded slide assembly of nested quartz tubes. The sample-holder components are almost entirely quartz, which minimizes the magnetic background signal from the sample holder. Samples are mounted in a small quartz bucket that has a quartz lid ...
X-ray Source
... problem is to include an internal standard in the sample tested. The selection of the internal standard material is, first of all, the diffracted peaks from the standard should NOT overlap with that from the tested sample. Second, the standard sample should NOT react with the tested sample. Pure mat ...
... problem is to include an internal standard in the sample tested. The selection of the internal standard material is, first of all, the diffracted peaks from the standard should NOT overlap with that from the tested sample. Second, the standard sample should NOT react with the tested sample. Pure mat ...
A Reliable Method For Extraction Of Material Parameters In
... 0 to more than 10 cm for all the studied frequency band). This range of values corresponds to almost all the materials. Thanks to a precise estimation for the starting values of and , the presented extraction procedure is not only highly reliable but also very rapid (taking the Fabry–Pérot effect i ...
... 0 to more than 10 cm for all the studied frequency band). This range of values corresponds to almost all the materials. Thanks to a precise estimation for the starting values of and , the presented extraction procedure is not only highly reliable but also very rapid (taking the Fabry–Pérot effect i ...
3D widefield light microscopy with better than 100 nm axial resolution
... independent and can with advantage be used at the same time (I5M). In either mode, acquisition proceeds just as in normal computational deconvolution microscopy (Agard et al., 1989): a focal series of images are recorded, with the ...
... independent and can with advantage be used at the same time (I5M). In either mode, acquisition proceeds just as in normal computational deconvolution microscopy (Agard et al., 1989): a focal series of images are recorded, with the ...
Inverse scattering for frequency-scanned full-field
... contributions are removed by coherence gating. The usual technique is then to translate the sample through the focal plane so that the scatterers at many different depths may be imaged and a 3-D structure obtained. While this method can be used to obtain highresolution images for the entire volumes ...
... contributions are removed by coherence gating. The usual technique is then to translate the sample through the focal plane so that the scatterers at many different depths may be imaged and a 3-D structure obtained. While this method can be used to obtain highresolution images for the entire volumes ...
Generalizing the Confocal Microscope via Heterodyne Interferometry and Digital Filtering
... Both of these systems are of the single-beam, mechanically scanned type, and neither has the precision or stability of our system. Wickramasinghe et al. (1982) have made a scanning AC differential interference contrast microscope, which measures the derivative of the phase along the scan direction; ...
... Both of these systems are of the single-beam, mechanically scanned type, and neither has the precision or stability of our system. Wickramasinghe et al. (1982) have made a scanning AC differential interference contrast microscope, which measures the derivative of the phase along the scan direction; ...
Tunneling Transistors Based on Graphene and 2
... but are expected to improve with scaling. A number of relatively new ideas are being explored at this time for switching devices beyond the SS limit. Some exploit impact ionization to obtain sub-SS limit operation [15], [16]. Other devices aim to use correlated electron effects; for example, if elec ...
... but are expected to improve with scaling. A number of relatively new ideas are being explored at this time for switching devices beyond the SS limit. Some exploit impact ionization to obtain sub-SS limit operation [15], [16]. Other devices aim to use correlated electron effects; for example, if elec ...
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), an extension of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), is used to provide information about the density of electrons in a sample as a function of their energy.In scanning tunneling microscopy, a metal tip is moved over a conducting sample without making mechanical contact. A bias voltage between the sample and tip allows a current to flow between the tip and the sample even though they are not in contact. This can occur because of quantum mechanical tunneling, hence the name of the instrument.The scanning tunneling microscope is used to obtain ""topographs"" - topographic maps - of surfaces. The tip is rastered across a surface and (in constant current mode), a constant current is maintained between the tip and the sample by adjusting the height of the tip. A plot of the tip height at all measurement positions on the raster provides the topograph. These topographic images can obtain information that is atomically resolved, and images of metal and semiconductor surfaces can be obtained with atomic precision.However, the scanning tunneling microscope does not measure the height of surface features. This can be shown when a molecule is adsorbed on a surface. The STM image may appear to have either increased or decreased height at that feature, although the geometry alone is certainly an increased height. A detailed analysis of the way in which an image is formed shows that the transmission of the electric current between the tip and the sample depends on two factors: (1) the geometry of the sample and (2) the arrangement of the electrons in the sample. The arrangement of the electrons in the sample is described quantum mechanically by an ""electron density"". The electron density is a function of both position and energy, and is formally described as the local density of electron states, abbreviated as local density of states (LDOS), which is a function of energy.Spectroscopy, in its most general sense, refers to a measurement of the number of something as a function of energy. For scanning tunneling spectroscopy the scanning tunneling microscope is used to measure the number of electrons (the LDOS) as a function of the electron energy. The electron energy is set by the electrical potential difference (voltage) between the sample and the tip. The location is set by the position of the tip.At its simplest, a ""scanning tunneling spectrum"" is obtained by placing a scanning tunneling microscope tip above a particular place on the sample. With the height of the tip fixed, the electron tunneling current is then measured as a function of electron energy by varying the voltage between the tip and the sample (the tip to sample voltage sets the electron energy). The change of the current with the energy of the electrons is the simplest spectrum that can be obtained, it is often referred to as an I-V curve. As is shown below, it is the slope of the I-V curve at each voltage (often called the dI/dV-curve) which is more fundamental because dI/dV corresponds to the electron density of states at the local position of the tip, the LDOS.