Selective plane illumination microscopy techniques in
... sample. Three motors can move the sample in all three dimensions (x, y and z). Three-dimensional (3D) stacks of images are acquired by stepwise movement along the axis of the detection lens. In SPIM, the sample can also be turned by a fourth motor. Raster imaging. Process in which the final image is ...
... sample. Three motors can move the sample in all three dimensions (x, y and z). Three-dimensional (3D) stacks of images are acquired by stepwise movement along the axis of the detection lens. In SPIM, the sample can also be turned by a fourth motor. Raster imaging. Process in which the final image is ...
Quantum Transport in Finite Disordered Electron Systems
... In Part II an atomic-scale quantum point contact was studied with the intention to investigate the effect of the attached leads on its conductance (i.e., the effect of “measuring apparatus” on the “result of measurement”, in the sense of quantum measurement theory). The practical merit of this study i ...
... In Part II an atomic-scale quantum point contact was studied with the intention to investigate the effect of the attached leads on its conductance (i.e., the effect of “measuring apparatus” on the “result of measurement”, in the sense of quantum measurement theory). The practical merit of this study i ...
Total Internal Reflection Spectroscopy for Studying Soft Matter
... when the surface sensitivity is not necessary, for example in sum-frequency generation where the surface sensitivity is intrinsic to the technique but a TIR geometry is still convenient experimentally since the signal scales as the sixth power of the electric fields at the interface. Finally, TIR te ...
... when the surface sensitivity is not necessary, for example in sum-frequency generation where the surface sensitivity is intrinsic to the technique but a TIR geometry is still convenient experimentally since the signal scales as the sixth power of the electric fields at the interface. Finally, TIR te ...
Characterization of the citrate precursor, used for
... coordination number of six for iron(III) satisfied by two citrate ligands which bind to iron through the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate groups [5,6]. The values of Mössbauer parameters for sample “Precursor” are close to those cited for complexes of magnesium bis(citrate) ferrate(III) decahydratean ...
... coordination number of six for iron(III) satisfied by two citrate ligands which bind to iron through the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate groups [5,6]. The values of Mössbauer parameters for sample “Precursor” are close to those cited for complexes of magnesium bis(citrate) ferrate(III) decahydratean ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... The models so far presented have assumed that the illuminating electron beam emanates from a point source (has perfect spatial coherence), is perfectly monochromatic (has perfect temporal coherence) and that the BF detector is infinitesimal. Coherence is used to model the degree to which different b ...
... The models so far presented have assumed that the illuminating electron beam emanates from a point source (has perfect spatial coherence), is perfectly monochromatic (has perfect temporal coherence) and that the BF detector is infinitesimal. Coherence is used to model the degree to which different b ...
Comparison of electronic structures of mass
... the widths and positions of the peaks. Only when the num- will lead to the lower heterogeneity of the chemical environber of clusters deposited increases from 4 x 10 12 to 8 X 10 12 ment of Ag atoms in a cluster. In addition, the broadening (the highest Ag coverage in Fig. 1), the Ag 3d state be- of ...
... the widths and positions of the peaks. Only when the num- will lead to the lower heterogeneity of the chemical environber of clusters deposited increases from 4 x 10 12 to 8 X 10 12 ment of Ag atoms in a cluster. In addition, the broadening (the highest Ag coverage in Fig. 1), the Ag 3d state be- of ...
Millipede Memory
... stores data in a "dumb" medium that is simpler and smaller than any cell used in an electronic medium. It accesses the data by moving the medium under the "head" as well. However, ...
... stores data in a "dumb" medium that is simpler and smaller than any cell used in an electronic medium. It accesses the data by moving the medium under the "head" as well. However, ...
Order Parameters P2 , P4 , and P6 of Aligned Nematic Liquid
... perpendicular polarization directions of a probe beam relative to the sample director, respectively, and angle χ is the angle between the dipole transition moment direction and orientation axis of the dye molecule. Hence, the drawbacks of polarized UV−visible spectroscopy for characterization of ori ...
... perpendicular polarization directions of a probe beam relative to the sample director, respectively, and angle χ is the angle between the dipole transition moment direction and orientation axis of the dye molecule. Hence, the drawbacks of polarized UV−visible spectroscopy for characterization of ori ...
Tunability of Excited-State Energy Levels of Four
... point for variations in Icont and Imag. In other words, at this operating point E02 is constant to first order for small variations in the fluxes f1 and f2. Therefore, the second excited state at this point might be associated with a relatively long coherence time. This operating point can be viewed ...
... point for variations in Icont and Imag. In other words, at this operating point E02 is constant to first order for small variations in the fluxes f1 and f2. Therefore, the second excited state at this point might be associated with a relatively long coherence time. This operating point can be viewed ...
Spin and Charge Transport through Driven Quantum Dot Systems
... systems provides information on their energy distribution and gives the opportunity to coherently excite internal transitions. This changed drastically when in 1980 the first measurements of the quantum Hall effect in two dimensional electron gases in semiconductor structures were reported[1]. There ...
... systems provides information on their energy distribution and gives the opportunity to coherently excite internal transitions. This changed drastically when in 1980 the first measurements of the quantum Hall effect in two dimensional electron gases in semiconductor structures were reported[1]. There ...
Green Function Techniques in the Treatment of Quantum Transport
... that of a single molecule contacted by two metallic electrodes between which a bias voltage is applied. Recent experiments Enormous progress has been achieved in the experimental realization of such nano-devices, we only mention the development of controllable single-molecule junctions [8]–[22] and ...
... that of a single molecule contacted by two metallic electrodes between which a bias voltage is applied. Recent experiments Enormous progress has been achieved in the experimental realization of such nano-devices, we only mention the development of controllable single-molecule junctions [8]–[22] and ...
Absence of Evidence ? Evidence of Absence
... coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS/EDX)9 and/ or electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)10,11 provide techniques which can resolve single atoms spatially and elementally, but are limited to very small sample volumes (areas of a few nm2 within a single atomic layer such as graphe ...
... coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS/EDX)9 and/ or electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)10,11 provide techniques which can resolve single atoms spatially and elementally, but are limited to very small sample volumes (areas of a few nm2 within a single atomic layer such as graphe ...
Progress Towards the Quantum Limit: High and Low Frequency Measurements of
... Aside from wondering if Schrödinger had any pets at that time, an interesting question perhaps to ask is: when does an object, such as a cat, dog, or other “macroscopic” object act as a coherent superposition of states, rather than a classical object? ...
... Aside from wondering if Schrödinger had any pets at that time, an interesting question perhaps to ask is: when does an object, such as a cat, dog, or other “macroscopic” object act as a coherent superposition of states, rather than a classical object? ...
Fast Modulation of Terahertz Quantum Cascade
... to red and black symbol points, respectively. The total peak power impinging to the array was calculated to be 65 μW for the first array and 157 μW for the second one. The modulation depth for the first array increases with increasing gate voltage, peaking around 90 V reaching a maximum of ∼8.6% and t ...
... to red and black symbol points, respectively. The total peak power impinging to the array was calculated to be 65 μW for the first array and 157 μW for the second one. The modulation depth for the first array increases with increasing gate voltage, peaking around 90 V reaching a maximum of ∼8.6% and t ...
Appendix D – Raman Spectra
... Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) [2] are easily analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The most important vibration mode of SWNTs appears in the low frequency region, i.e. 100-400 cm-1 and is called the radial breathing mode (RBM). This particular mode depends more strongly on the SWNT diameter th ...
... Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) [2] are easily analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The most important vibration mode of SWNTs appears in the low frequency region, i.e. 100-400 cm-1 and is called the radial breathing mode (RBM). This particular mode depends more strongly on the SWNT diameter th ...
Role of the Tunneling Ray in Near-Critical-Angle
... zone as a scattered ray. Since the amplitude of the second ray is greatly reduced by the two tunnelings through the centrifugal barrier, its interference with the geometrical ray in the lit region is exceedingly weak. The body of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 I briefly describe sc ...
... zone as a scattered ray. Since the amplitude of the second ray is greatly reduced by the two tunnelings through the centrifugal barrier, its interference with the geometrical ray in the lit region is exceedingly weak. The body of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 I briefly describe sc ...
Spring mechanics of α-helical polypeptide
... from amino acid analysis, we concluded that our cross-linking conditions were favorable towards longer than average chains. Since the cross-linking site of a sample chain to the tip may or may not be closely located to the corresponding site on the substrate, we must make an allowance for this discr ...
... from amino acid analysis, we concluded that our cross-linking conditions were favorable towards longer than average chains. Since the cross-linking site of a sample chain to the tip may or may not be closely located to the corresponding site on the substrate, we must make an allowance for this discr ...
Digital Fourier Microscopy for Soft Matter Dynamics
... A few years later, both methods were indeed simultaneously extended to extract also the system dynamics [24, 25, 26, 27] from the analysis of images acquired at different times. This analysis provides information similar to that obtained with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) [4], once again in the smal ...
... A few years later, both methods were indeed simultaneously extended to extract also the system dynamics [24, 25, 26, 27] from the analysis of images acquired at different times. This analysis provides information similar to that obtained with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) [4], once again in the smal ...
Nanoelectrical analysis of single molecules and atomic
... Section 8.2). Taken together, the in situ STM electronic imaging and atomic-scale modelling data show that the spacer layer separates the C60 molecule at an ideal distance from Au(111), which suppresses direct charge transfer from the metal reservoir but allows a small population of tunnelling elect ...
... Section 8.2). Taken together, the in situ STM electronic imaging and atomic-scale modelling data show that the spacer layer separates the C60 molecule at an ideal distance from Au(111), which suppresses direct charge transfer from the metal reservoir but allows a small population of tunnelling elect ...
Development and validation of stability indicating RP
... the cross-linking of platelets by fibrin. The blockade of this receptor inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking activation of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa pathway[1]. The target and objective of this study is to develop a new, simple and fast analytical method by stability indicating RP-HPLC method t ...
... the cross-linking of platelets by fibrin. The blockade of this receptor inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking activation of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa pathway[1]. The target and objective of this study is to develop a new, simple and fast analytical method by stability indicating RP-HPLC method t ...
Introduction
... a multiple of λ/2. The complete functional relationship between I(x) and x is given by the cosine function ...
... a multiple of λ/2. The complete functional relationship between I(x) and x is given by the cosine function ...
Near-field thermal transport in a nanotip under laser irradiation
... theoretically reported over the years. An analytical solution for a sphere under laser illumination has been developed by using the Mie scattering theory [26]. To solve the electromagnetic field distribution for a specific geometry, many methods have been used. Examples of such methods include the m ...
... theoretically reported over the years. An analytical solution for a sphere under laser illumination has been developed by using the Mie scattering theory [26]. To solve the electromagnetic field distribution for a specific geometry, many methods have been used. Examples of such methods include the m ...
Catalyst characterization: characterization techniques
... adsorbed nitrogen vs applied pressure. More details can be found in [8,9]. 1.2.3. Incipient wetness method Following this method [lo] the solid is impregnated with a non solvent liquid, usually water or hydrocarbons, just to fill the pores, without any meaningful excess. Addition of liquid must be s ...
... adsorbed nitrogen vs applied pressure. More details can be found in [8,9]. 1.2.3. Incipient wetness method Following this method [lo] the solid is impregnated with a non solvent liquid, usually water or hydrocarbons, just to fill the pores, without any meaningful excess. Addition of liquid must be s ...
Using a Quantum Dot as a High-Frequency Shot Noise Detector
... and the QPC on the left, have given identical results. Data were taken in a dilution refrigerator, with an effective electron temperature of 200 mK. Our measurements are performed on a QD containing 10 electrons. This number was measured using the QPC as a charge detector for the QD [7]. The QD volt ...
... and the QPC on the left, have given identical results. Data were taken in a dilution refrigerator, with an effective electron temperature of 200 mK. Our measurements are performed on a QD containing 10 electrons. This number was measured using the QPC as a charge detector for the QD [7]. The QD volt ...
Hole states in Ge/Si quantum-dot molecules produced by strain
... In a simple scenario of emission by thermal excitation from the localized states in the QD layer to the continuum, Ea corresponds to the binding energy of holes with energies close to the Fermi level. In more complex cases Ea may deviate from this energy. The electron escape process in InAs/GaAs QDs ...
... In a simple scenario of emission by thermal excitation from the localized states in the QD layer to the continuum, Ea corresponds to the binding energy of holes with energies close to the Fermi level. In more complex cases Ea may deviate from this energy. The electron escape process in InAs/GaAs QDs ...
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), an extension of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), is used to provide information about the density of electrons in a sample as a function of their energy.In scanning tunneling microscopy, a metal tip is moved over a conducting sample without making mechanical contact. A bias voltage between the sample and tip allows a current to flow between the tip and the sample even though they are not in contact. This can occur because of quantum mechanical tunneling, hence the name of the instrument.The scanning tunneling microscope is used to obtain ""topographs"" - topographic maps - of surfaces. The tip is rastered across a surface and (in constant current mode), a constant current is maintained between the tip and the sample by adjusting the height of the tip. A plot of the tip height at all measurement positions on the raster provides the topograph. These topographic images can obtain information that is atomically resolved, and images of metal and semiconductor surfaces can be obtained with atomic precision.However, the scanning tunneling microscope does not measure the height of surface features. This can be shown when a molecule is adsorbed on a surface. The STM image may appear to have either increased or decreased height at that feature, although the geometry alone is certainly an increased height. A detailed analysis of the way in which an image is formed shows that the transmission of the electric current between the tip and the sample depends on two factors: (1) the geometry of the sample and (2) the arrangement of the electrons in the sample. The arrangement of the electrons in the sample is described quantum mechanically by an ""electron density"". The electron density is a function of both position and energy, and is formally described as the local density of electron states, abbreviated as local density of states (LDOS), which is a function of energy.Spectroscopy, in its most general sense, refers to a measurement of the number of something as a function of energy. For scanning tunneling spectroscopy the scanning tunneling microscope is used to measure the number of electrons (the LDOS) as a function of the electron energy. The electron energy is set by the electrical potential difference (voltage) between the sample and the tip. The location is set by the position of the tip.At its simplest, a ""scanning tunneling spectrum"" is obtained by placing a scanning tunneling microscope tip above a particular place on the sample. With the height of the tip fixed, the electron tunneling current is then measured as a function of electron energy by varying the voltage between the tip and the sample (the tip to sample voltage sets the electron energy). The change of the current with the energy of the electrons is the simplest spectrum that can be obtained, it is often referred to as an I-V curve. As is shown below, it is the slope of the I-V curve at each voltage (often called the dI/dV-curve) which is more fundamental because dI/dV corresponds to the electron density of states at the local position of the tip, the LDOS.