Review Sheet Answers Word Doc
... Bundle of His 11. What is a heart murmur? Abnormal heart sound that identifies the leakage of blood through the valves in the wrong direction 12. The most important risk factor for congestive heart failure is: A. Diabetes B. High blood pressure C. High cholesterol D. A heart attack 13. This is also ...
... Bundle of His 11. What is a heart murmur? Abnormal heart sound that identifies the leakage of blood through the valves in the wrong direction 12. The most important risk factor for congestive heart failure is: A. Diabetes B. High blood pressure C. High cholesterol D. A heart attack 13. This is also ...
Valvular Heart Disease and Auscultation
... • Mild MS- if Pulmonary Artery Pressures or Wedge Pressure Elevate with Exercise ...
... • Mild MS- if Pulmonary Artery Pressures or Wedge Pressure Elevate with Exercise ...
an Echocardiography Casebook Example
... detected on twodimensional analysis. This is commonly seen in patients with SAS and is best appreciated in the left parasternal cranial left ventricular outflow view (1). Assessment of the interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular free wall (LVW) are determined using twodimensional an ...
... detected on twodimensional analysis. This is commonly seen in patients with SAS and is best appreciated in the left parasternal cranial left ventricular outflow view (1). Assessment of the interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular free wall (LVW) are determined using twodimensional an ...
Congenital Anomalies of the heart
... underdeveloped, the right ventricle very small, and also sometimes the tricuspid valve. The condition is also sometimes referred to as hypoplastic right heart. ...
... underdeveloped, the right ventricle very small, and also sometimes the tricuspid valve. The condition is also sometimes referred to as hypoplastic right heart. ...
PACES Cardiology notes 1. Aortic valve replacement 2. Mitral valve
... patients, particularly those at high risk of surgery, with a non-dilated annulus, and with specific leaflet dysfunction. What is the anatomy of the mitral valve? The valve has an anterior leaflet which lies close to the aortic valve, and a posterior leaflet. Each are divided into 3 scallops or segme ...
... patients, particularly those at high risk of surgery, with a non-dilated annulus, and with specific leaflet dysfunction. What is the anatomy of the mitral valve? The valve has an anterior leaflet which lies close to the aortic valve, and a posterior leaflet. Each are divided into 3 scallops or segme ...
Shone Syndrome - Adult Congenital Heart Association
... Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Small Aortic Valve Annulus. Bicuspid aortic valve and small aortic valve annulus often occur together in Shone Syndrome. A normal aortic valve is tricuspid. This means it has three leaflets or moving parts. A bicuspid valve has only two leaflets. The leaflet motion is restr ...
... Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Small Aortic Valve Annulus. Bicuspid aortic valve and small aortic valve annulus often occur together in Shone Syndrome. A normal aortic valve is tricuspid. This means it has three leaflets or moving parts. A bicuspid valve has only two leaflets. The leaflet motion is restr ...
Premature opening of aortic valve in severe - Heart
... were apparent. Height was I86 cm and arm span I98 cm. Arachnodactyly and a high arched palate were noted and also bilateral subluxation of the lenses though visual acuity was normal. The venous pressure was not raised but the carotid pulse was collapsing in type and the apical impulse hyperdynamic. ...
... were apparent. Height was I86 cm and arm span I98 cm. Arachnodactyly and a high arched palate were noted and also bilateral subluxation of the lenses though visual acuity was normal. The venous pressure was not raised but the carotid pulse was collapsing in type and the apical impulse hyperdynamic. ...
WMC_Cardio_1011Final_REV1.indd - New York Center for Aortic
... the walls of the aorta weaken or balloon ...
... the walls of the aorta weaken or balloon ...
Glossary of Commonly Used Terms
... Angina: Chest pain that occurs when an area of the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. Aorta: The largest artery in the body, it receives blood from the heart that has been oxygenated in the lungs, and delivers this blood to the body and brain. Aortic Stenosis: A progressive dise ...
... Angina: Chest pain that occurs when an area of the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. Aorta: The largest artery in the body, it receives blood from the heart that has been oxygenated in the lungs, and delivers this blood to the body and brain. Aortic Stenosis: A progressive dise ...
Surgical Management of Traumatic Aorta
... at the emergency room in a local hospital, he was in shock, with cardiac tamponade and a large left-sided hemothorax (Figure 1). An emergency operation was performed to repair the penetrating cardiac injury. The wound on the surface of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) was successfully repa ...
... at the emergency room in a local hospital, he was in shock, with cardiac tamponade and a large left-sided hemothorax (Figure 1). An emergency operation was performed to repair the penetrating cardiac injury. The wound on the surface of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) was successfully repa ...
Mitral Stenosis
... The symptoms of Mitral Stenosis may be absent or very slight for long periods. However, they may gradually or suddenly worsen. If the blockage of the valve becomes severe, the left atrium will be unable to do its job adequately, blood will back up into the lungs and body tissues, and heart failure m ...
... The symptoms of Mitral Stenosis may be absent or very slight for long periods. However, they may gradually or suddenly worsen. If the blockage of the valve becomes severe, the left atrium will be unable to do its job adequately, blood will back up into the lungs and body tissues, and heart failure m ...
full release - University Hospitals Newsroom
... University Hospitals, the second largest employer in Northeast Ohio, serves the needs of patients through an integrated network of hospitals, outpatient centers and primary care physicians in 16 counties. At the core of our health system is University Hospitals Case Medical Center. The primary affil ...
... University Hospitals, the second largest employer in Northeast Ohio, serves the needs of patients through an integrated network of hospitals, outpatient centers and primary care physicians in 16 counties. At the core of our health system is University Hospitals Case Medical Center. The primary affil ...
Tab #8, Section H HEMODYNAMICS AND CATH
... valvular apparatus which allows diastolic blood flow to flow back into the left ventricular chamber. This may be a chronic or acute condition. Capture even if patient is not scheduled for valve repair and/or replacement when available. Descriptive terms; 1+, 2+, 3+ or 4+. Mitral regurgitation/insuff ...
... valvular apparatus which allows diastolic blood flow to flow back into the left ventricular chamber. This may be a chronic or acute condition. Capture even if patient is not scheduled for valve repair and/or replacement when available. Descriptive terms; 1+, 2+, 3+ or 4+. Mitral regurgitation/insuff ...
Heart valve disorder
... Pathological thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls “hardening of arteries” due to deposits of atherosclerotic plaques that narrow the arterial lumen. Hypercholesterolemia causes atherosclerosis. This condition places the individual at high risk of stroke, coronary heart disease and hea ...
... Pathological thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls “hardening of arteries” due to deposits of atherosclerotic plaques that narrow the arterial lumen. Hypercholesterolemia causes atherosclerosis. This condition places the individual at high risk of stroke, coronary heart disease and hea ...
20110608_ABSTRACT Significance of Echocardiography in
... echocardiographic monitoring for left ventricular function and may require surgery even if no symptoms are present. Two dimensional echocardiography can provide accurate visualization of valve structure to assess morphologic abnormalities. Doppler is used for assessing the hemodynamic significance o ...
... echocardiographic monitoring for left ventricular function and may require surgery even if no symptoms are present. Two dimensional echocardiography can provide accurate visualization of valve structure to assess morphologic abnormalities. Doppler is used for assessing the hemodynamic significance o ...
PEARLS IN CARDIOLOGY
... Localized >50% diameter increase involving all three layers of the wall. Risk factors: Age>60 years, smoking, HTN, dyslipidemia, family history. If younger, think of Marfan, Ehler-Danlos , syphilis, Takayasu’s, trauma, bicuspid valve, aortic coartation. Most common in men, 3:1; infrarenal, mostly as ...
... Localized >50% diameter increase involving all three layers of the wall. Risk factors: Age>60 years, smoking, HTN, dyslipidemia, family history. If younger, think of Marfan, Ehler-Danlos , syphilis, Takayasu’s, trauma, bicuspid valve, aortic coartation. Most common in men, 3:1; infrarenal, mostly as ...
Thoracic Surgery
... – Production of adhesions between the parietal and visceral pleura; it is usually done surgically or instillation of drugs or chemicals (sterile baby powder). This method is used to treat recurrent pneumothorax and malignant pleural effusions. ...
... – Production of adhesions between the parietal and visceral pleura; it is usually done surgically or instillation of drugs or chemicals (sterile baby powder). This method is used to treat recurrent pneumothorax and malignant pleural effusions. ...
Pitfalls in the Estimation of the Severity of a
... and with episodes of unstable angina, atrial fibrillation and bradycardia, which needed pacemaker implantation as well as recurrent transient ischemic attacks. Episodes of heart failure were treated with infusions of dobutrex. The patient also had polycythemia vera, which was under control. The pati ...
... and with episodes of unstable angina, atrial fibrillation and bradycardia, which needed pacemaker implantation as well as recurrent transient ischemic attacks. Episodes of heart failure were treated with infusions of dobutrex. The patient also had polycythemia vera, which was under control. The pati ...
Aortic Regurgitation, chronic
... At the apex, the first heart sound is diminished, and there is a low frequency apical diastolic murmur (arrow) which is either an Austin Flint rumble secondary to AR, or due to associated mitral stenosis. These findings are also well heard posterolateral to the mitral area over the enlarged left ven ...
... At the apex, the first heart sound is diminished, and there is a low frequency apical diastolic murmur (arrow) which is either an Austin Flint rumble secondary to AR, or due to associated mitral stenosis. These findings are also well heard posterolateral to the mitral area over the enlarged left ven ...
A case of 75-year-old survivor of unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot and
... More recently, intrinsic histological abnormalities of the ascending aorta are thought to contribute to progressive aortic root dilation and AR.12 Additionally, malformations of the aortic valve can also lead to AR, but their association with TOF is rarely encountered. A few cases of bicuspid aortic ...
... More recently, intrinsic histological abnormalities of the ascending aorta are thought to contribute to progressive aortic root dilation and AR.12 Additionally, malformations of the aortic valve can also lead to AR, but their association with TOF is rarely encountered. A few cases of bicuspid aortic ...
Interrupted Aortic Arch (IAA)
... Type A: Occurs in 30% of cases of IAA. The interruption is distal to the left subclavian artery. Type B: Occurs in 43% of cases of IAA. The interruption is located between the left subclavian and left carotid arteries. Often, the right subclavian artery is aberrant, meaning it arises abnormally ...
... Type A: Occurs in 30% of cases of IAA. The interruption is distal to the left subclavian artery. Type B: Occurs in 43% of cases of IAA. The interruption is located between the left subclavian and left carotid arteries. Often, the right subclavian artery is aberrant, meaning it arises abnormally ...
Aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart such that problems result. It may occur at the aortic valve as well as above and below this level. It typically gets worse over time. Symptoms often come on gradually with a decreased ability to exercise often occurring first. If heart failure, loss of consciousness, or heart related chest pain occurs due to AS the outcomes are worse. Loss of consciousness typically occurs with standing or exercise. Signs of heart failure include shortness of breath especially with lying down, at night, and with exercise as well as swelling of the legs. Thickening of the valve without narrowing is known as aortic sclerosis.Causes include being born with a bicuspid aortic valve and rheumatic fever. A bicuspid aortic valve affects about one to two percent of the population while rheumatic heart disease mostly occurring in the developing world. A normal valve, however, may also harden over the decades. Risk factors are similar to those of coronary artery disease and include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and being male. The aortic valve usually has three leaflets and is located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta. AS typically results in a heart murmur. Its severity can be divided into mild, moderate, severe, and very severe based on ultrasound of the heart findings.Aortic stenosis is typically followed using repeated ultrasounds. Once it has become severe treatment primarily involves valve replacement surgery with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) being an option in some who are at high risk from surgery. Valves may either be mechanical or bioprosthetic with each having risks and benefits. Another less invasive procedure, balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) may result in benefit but this is for only for a few months. Complications like heart failure may be treated as per normal in those with mild to moderate AS. In those with severe disease a number of medications should be avoided including ACE inhibitors, nitroglycerin, and some beta blockers. Nitroprusside or phenylephrine may be used in those with decompensated heart failure depending on the blood pressure.Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the developed world. It affects about 2% of people who are over 65 years of age. Estimated rates are not known in most of the developing world as of 2014. In those who have symptoms, without repair, the chance of death at five years is about 50% and at 10 years is about 90%. Aortic stenosis was first described by French physician Lazare Rivière in 1663.