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Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy
Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy

... symptoms (chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations) with physical exertion ...
Chapter 14
Chapter 14

... • deliver the sympathetic hormone, epinephrine, and/or • release more sympathetic neurotransmitter (norepinephrine), and/or • reduce release of parasympathetic neurotransmitter (acetylcholine). ...
resynchronisation therapy in adults with congenital heart disease
resynchronisation therapy in adults with congenital heart disease

... Objectives:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be of particular benefit to adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) and ventricular dysfunction (VD). Methods : Retrospective hospital records review.Results:Between 2001 & 2004, 6 patients (pt) had 5 successful implants, 4 with defibrillator ...
11_Skarvan_The aging heart: what can echocardiography tells us
11_Skarvan_The aging heart: what can echocardiography tells us

... deposits in the mitral and aortic annulus. However, not more than a mild valvular regurgitation should be present. The diameter of the aortic root is usually increased and an atheromatosis of the ascending aorta of varying grade is usually found. Doppler measurements of transmitral and pulmonary ven ...
If chronic process – congestive heart failure
If chronic process – congestive heart failure

... AS - echocardiography • Valvular stenosis : dismorphic bicuspid or unicuspid valve, annular hypoplasia • Subvalvular (subaortic) stenosis : 1. fixed stenosis because of fibrous diaphragm 2. dynamic obstruction because of myocardial hypertrophy ...
Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function response to
Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function response to

... Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) used to be the only effective treatment for severe AS, being the second indication for open heart surgery after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) 4. Trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a recently developed procedure which aims at non-surgi ...
Placement of a left ventricular assist device in a patient with
Placement of a left ventricular assist device in a patient with

... pulmonary arterial system. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, passes through the morphologic tricuspid valve, into the right ventricle which then pumps systemically to the aorta. More than 2/3 of ccTGA patients also have associated cardiac anomalies such as VSD, which dictate the natural h ...
slide_10
slide_10

... • Insufficiency : failure of a valve to close completely regurgitation (backflow) of blood. • It can result from either: – intrinsic disease of valve cusps (e.g., endocarditis) – disruption of supporting structures (e.g., the aorta, mitral annulus, tendinous cords, papillary muscles, or ventricula ...
Supraventricular Tachycardia vs. Marfan`s Syndrome
Supraventricular Tachycardia vs. Marfan`s Syndrome

... the aortic root diameter becomes increased. mild aortic dilatation. Pseudoxanthoma elasProphylactic surgery can be performed if there ticum can be associated with arterial occluis progressive diameter increase of greater sion, including the coronary arteries, and than 6 cm. accompanied by significan ...
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE Case Goals and Objectives
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE Case Goals and Objectives

... – If normal sinus rhythm, no therapy – Symptoms of mild dyspnea and orthopnea: treat with diuretics – Limit exercise to symptoms ...
Aortic Regurgitation, acute
Aortic Regurgitation, acute

... consistent with significant mitral or aortic valvular regurgitation with an increased stroke volume associated with an increased preload and an increased velocity of contraction due to a reduced afterload. The normal location and size of the impulse suggest that these changes are acute, i.e., over t ...
pathophysiology
pathophysiology

... A) right atrium. B) right ventricle. C) left atrium. D) left ventricle. 4. In the elderly, aortic stenosis usually results from which of the following conditions? A) congenital disorders. B) rheumatic heart disease. C) degeneration and calcification of the valve. D) Marfan syndrome. 5. Which of the ...
Aortic Valve Replacement for Moderate Aortic Stenosis with Severe
Aortic Valve Replacement for Moderate Aortic Stenosis with Severe

... ventricular (LV) function with an ejection fraction (EF) of 10–15%, moderate mitral regurgitation, severe right ventricular dysfunction, and severe tricuspid regurgitation. The severity of AS could not be assessed due to image acquisition quality. Of note, an echocardiogram performed 11 months earli ...
Implantation of Aortic Stentless Bioprosthesis: Case Series
Implantation of Aortic Stentless Bioprosthesis: Case Series

... Aim. To present our preliminary results with stentless aortic valve bioprostheses. Methods. From November 2001 to February 2002, 15 patients (8 men and 7 women) underwent aortic valve replacement with aortic stentless bioprosthesis. The patients’ age ranged from 50 to 79 years (mean±SD, 63.3±5.7 yea ...
Council on Clinical Cardiology Laennec Clinician/Educator Lecture
Council on Clinical Cardiology Laennec Clinician/Educator Lecture

... "Bedside Cardiology in a High-Tech Era" ...
Chambers Valves, Conduction System, Coronary Circulation
Chambers Valves, Conduction System, Coronary Circulation

...  has 3 cusps (leaflets), antero-superior, mural, septal.  between right atria and ventricles. Mitral (bicuspid) Valves:  has 2 cusps between left atria and ventricles, anterior and posterior. Arterial Valves (semilunar)  prevent reflux from arteries into ventricles  oven when ventricles contrac ...
Consequences of Untreated Ventricular Septal Defect
Consequences of Untreated Ventricular Septal Defect

... Tuberous sclerosis Cystic fibrosis Friedreich ataxia ...
Document
Document

... Tricuspid valve dysplasia is a malformation of the tricuspid valve and associated supporting structures that assist in proper valve closure. The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, separates the right atrium from the right ventricle, allowing normally for unidirectional blood flow thro ...
Cardiac Exam
Cardiac Exam

... o Thrills or palpable heart sounds: feel over valve areas with medial border of hand (AS most common; palpable P2 = pulmonary hypertension) Auscultation: auscultate all heart valves while palpating carotid artery (use the diaphragm unless otherwise stated). Note S1 and S2 intensity and any splitting ...
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE

... ECG: initially normal, later left ventricular hypertrophy & T-wave inversion ...


... • Echocardiography is the best diagnostic modality but may be detected on ECG and physical exam • Pathology- marked hypertrophy of the left ventricle with septal thickening • Septal hypertrophy causes outflow tract obstruction • These patients can frequently be successfully managed ...
Congenital Malformations of the Aortic Root: Bicuspid Aortic Valve in
Congenital Malformations of the Aortic Root: Bicuspid Aortic Valve in

... A review of the literature found no previous descriptions of this technique, although several surgeons chose the technique of direct closure with single pledgeted sutures.8 Bicuspid aortic valve is a congenital anomaly of the aortic valve with a frequency of 0.9 to 1.36% in the general population.2 ...
BIOL242 Lab30
BIOL242 Lab30

... membrane. These membranes form the tricuspid valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The membranes are connected to flaps of muscle called the papillary muscles by tendons called the chordae tendinae or "heartstrings." Next, insert your probe into the pulmonary artery and see it come ...
PigHeartDissection new
PigHeartDissection new

... But sheep have nice hearts… ...
Microbubbles in the Left Ventricle Associated with Mechanical Aortic
Microbubbles in the Left Ventricle Associated with Mechanical Aortic

... The patient underwent aortic valve replacement, receiving a porcine prosthesis. At the time of surgery, it was evident that pannus ingrowth had partially obstructed 1 leaflet resulting in incomplete closure of that leaflet. The prosthetic annulus was normal with no evidence of a perivalvular leak. Pos ...
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Aortic stenosis



Aortic stenosis (AS) is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart such that problems result. It may occur at the aortic valve as well as above and below this level. It typically gets worse over time. Symptoms often come on gradually with a decreased ability to exercise often occurring first. If heart failure, loss of consciousness, or heart related chest pain occurs due to AS the outcomes are worse. Loss of consciousness typically occurs with standing or exercise. Signs of heart failure include shortness of breath especially with lying down, at night, and with exercise as well as swelling of the legs. Thickening of the valve without narrowing is known as aortic sclerosis.Causes include being born with a bicuspid aortic valve and rheumatic fever. A bicuspid aortic valve affects about one to two percent of the population while rheumatic heart disease mostly occurring in the developing world. A normal valve, however, may also harden over the decades. Risk factors are similar to those of coronary artery disease and include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and being male. The aortic valve usually has three leaflets and is located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta. AS typically results in a heart murmur. Its severity can be divided into mild, moderate, severe, and very severe based on ultrasound of the heart findings.Aortic stenosis is typically followed using repeated ultrasounds. Once it has become severe treatment primarily involves valve replacement surgery with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) being an option in some who are at high risk from surgery. Valves may either be mechanical or bioprosthetic with each having risks and benefits. Another less invasive procedure, balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) may result in benefit but this is for only for a few months. Complications like heart failure may be treated as per normal in those with mild to moderate AS. In those with severe disease a number of medications should be avoided including ACE inhibitors, nitroglycerin, and some beta blockers. Nitroprusside or phenylephrine may be used in those with decompensated heart failure depending on the blood pressure.Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the developed world. It affects about 2% of people who are over 65 years of age. Estimated rates are not known in most of the developing world as of 2014. In those who have symptoms, without repair, the chance of death at five years is about 50% and at 10 years is about 90%. Aortic stenosis was first described by French physician Lazare Rivière in 1663.
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