Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis With Preserved
... and clinical presentation is strongly recommended (1,2). Although current guidelines define severe AS by a peak velocity ⬎4 m/s, mean gradient ⬎40 mm Hg, and AVA ⬍1.0 cm2, many patients present with discrepant findings with regard to these criteria (2). Most frequently patients might have a small AV ...
... and clinical presentation is strongly recommended (1,2). Although current guidelines define severe AS by a peak velocity ⬎4 m/s, mean gradient ⬎40 mm Hg, and AVA ⬍1.0 cm2, many patients present with discrepant findings with regard to these criteria (2). Most frequently patients might have a small AV ...
heart dissection
... and vice versa. The aorta is clearly visible at the top, with an atrium on either side, while the ventricles are in the bottom left. ...
... and vice versa. The aorta is clearly visible at the top, with an atrium on either side, while the ventricles are in the bottom left. ...
File
... Two upper chambers: right and left ATRIA Thin walls, receive blood from returning to the heart Two lower chambers: right and left VENTRICLES Receive blood from atria, then contract to force blood out of the heart into arteries ...
... Two upper chambers: right and left ATRIA Thin walls, receive blood from returning to the heart Two lower chambers: right and left VENTRICLES Receive blood from atria, then contract to force blood out of the heart into arteries ...
1-coronary valve
... without help of external nerves. Under normal circumstances, each cycle takes approximately one second. ...
... without help of external nerves. Under normal circumstances, each cycle takes approximately one second. ...
Cardiac Cycle: MCQ - ehs
... a- At heart rate 75 b/min, the duration of cardiac cycle is 0.8 s, divided equally into systolic and di t li periods. diastolic i d b- When the heart rate is increased diastole is shortened to a much greater degree than systole. c- During diastole the heart rests and coronary blood flow to the epica ...
... a- At heart rate 75 b/min, the duration of cardiac cycle is 0.8 s, divided equally into systolic and di t li periods. diastolic i d b- When the heart rate is increased diastole is shortened to a much greater degree than systole. c- During diastole the heart rests and coronary blood flow to the epica ...
Mahmoud ABU-ABEELEH Associate Professor of Surgery Division
... I: No angina with ordinary physical activity II: Slight limitation of ordinary activity III: Marked limitation of ordinary activity IV: Symptoms with any activity or at rest ...
... I: No angina with ordinary physical activity II: Slight limitation of ordinary activity III: Marked limitation of ordinary activity IV: Symptoms with any activity or at rest ...
Supracristal Ventricular Septal Defect
... entricular septal defects (VSD) are the most common congenital cardiac malformation. Epidemiologic data report that the prevalence of this anomaly may be as high as 3.3% to 3.8% of live births.1, 2, 3 A VSD can occur in isolation or in association with other cardiac malformations. These congenital m ...
... entricular septal defects (VSD) are the most common congenital cardiac malformation. Epidemiologic data report that the prevalence of this anomaly may be as high as 3.3% to 3.8% of live births.1, 2, 3 A VSD can occur in isolation or in association with other cardiac malformations. These congenital m ...
Mechanism of Action
... use with caution in patients with heart failure Orthostatic changes contraindicated in patients with 2nd or 3rd degree heart block Concurrent use w/b-blockers incr risk of CHF ...
... use with caution in patients with heart failure Orthostatic changes contraindicated in patients with 2nd or 3rd degree heart block Concurrent use w/b-blockers incr risk of CHF ...
MULTIPLE VALVE DISEASES
... surgery, in the absence of left-sided myocardial, valve, or right ventricular dysfunction and without severe pulmonary hypertension (systolic pulmonary artery pressure . 60 mmHg) IIaC Severe isolated TR with mild or no symptoms and progessive dilation or deterioration of right ventricular function ...
... surgery, in the absence of left-sided myocardial, valve, or right ventricular dysfunction and without severe pulmonary hypertension (systolic pulmonary artery pressure . 60 mmHg) IIaC Severe isolated TR with mild or no symptoms and progessive dilation or deterioration of right ventricular function ...
Valvular Heart Disease(HVD)
... Occasions: (1) Normal valves. (2) Congenitally bicuspid valves Pathological processes for calcification (1) Disorder of elderly (2) Unknown. The major clinical features of Stenosis : (1) Left ventricular hypertrophy and (CHF) failure... (2) Angina. (3) Syncope (abrupt episodes of faintness) (hypope ...
... Occasions: (1) Normal valves. (2) Congenitally bicuspid valves Pathological processes for calcification (1) Disorder of elderly (2) Unknown. The major clinical features of Stenosis : (1) Left ventricular hypertrophy and (CHF) failure... (2) Angina. (3) Syncope (abrupt episodes of faintness) (hypope ...
Aortic Valve Regurgitation
... ventricle to get bigger. This causes symptoms such as: - shortness of breath or chest pain when you exert yourself - discomfort when you are lying down - waking up at night feeling very short of breath. How is it diagnosed? Your healthcare provider may see signs of an enlarged heart during a physica ...
... ventricle to get bigger. This causes symptoms such as: - shortness of breath or chest pain when you exert yourself - discomfort when you are lying down - waking up at night feeling very short of breath. How is it diagnosed? Your healthcare provider may see signs of an enlarged heart during a physica ...
Diastolic Dysfunction - Annals of Internal Medicine
... • Heart failure is when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively. • In some patients, this results from processes that make it harder for the heart to relax or fill between beats (diastolic dysfunction). • Unlike in other patients with heart failure, a measurement of how well the heart beats, t ...
... • Heart failure is when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively. • In some patients, this results from processes that make it harder for the heart to relax or fill between beats (diastolic dysfunction). • Unlike in other patients with heart failure, a measurement of how well the heart beats, t ...
Glossary
... Ebstein’s anomaly: Congenital malformation of the tricuspid valve of the heart. Fibrillation: Rapid, uncoordinated, chaotic activity of the muscle fibres of the heart, so it cannot pump. Homograft valve: A human valve used for transplantation. Heterograft valve: An animal valve used for transplantat ...
... Ebstein’s anomaly: Congenital malformation of the tricuspid valve of the heart. Fibrillation: Rapid, uncoordinated, chaotic activity of the muscle fibres of the heart, so it cannot pump. Homograft valve: A human valve used for transplantation. Heterograft valve: An animal valve used for transplantat ...
No Slide Title
... 2. Squeezing of vessels during body movement 3. Peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle in vessels ...
... 2. Squeezing of vessels during body movement 3. Peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle in vessels ...
2-Acyanotic CHD
... Classic signs: absence,weakness or delayed femoral pulses. Higher BP in the upper extremities than lower extremities. 90% have systolic hypertension of the upper extremities. ...
... Classic signs: absence,weakness or delayed femoral pulses. Higher BP in the upper extremities than lower extremities. 90% have systolic hypertension of the upper extremities. ...
9/09 Aortic Regurgitation
... aortic root size and morphology) and for assessment of LV hypertrophy, dimension (or volume), and systolic function. (Level of Evidence: B) Echo: in patients with an enlarged aortic root to assess regurgitation and the severity of aortic dilatation. (Level of Evidence: B) Echo: periodic re-evaluatio ...
... aortic root size and morphology) and for assessment of LV hypertrophy, dimension (or volume), and systolic function. (Level of Evidence: B) Echo: in patients with an enlarged aortic root to assess regurgitation and the severity of aortic dilatation. (Level of Evidence: B) Echo: periodic re-evaluatio ...
Interventional Cardiology
... may be used to treat HTN in AS, these drugs were not reported to slow AS progression in these patients [20] . After aortic valve replacement in patients with severe AS, RAS blockade (using candesartan) was associated with augmented reverse remodeling of the LV and left atrium compared with conventio ...
... may be used to treat HTN in AS, these drugs were not reported to slow AS progression in these patients [20] . After aortic valve replacement in patients with severe AS, RAS blockade (using candesartan) was associated with augmented reverse remodeling of the LV and left atrium compared with conventio ...
Aorto-Left Atrial Fistula
... aorta and left ventricle (LV) demonstrating a mass (marked by two sets of double thin arrows) on the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve (AV) and the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve (MV). The wide single arrow points to the fistulous connection between the aorta and the left atrium (LA). Botto ...
... aorta and left ventricle (LV) demonstrating a mass (marked by two sets of double thin arrows) on the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve (AV) and the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve (MV). The wide single arrow points to the fistulous connection between the aorta and the left atrium (LA). Botto ...
Aorto-Left Atrial Fistula
... aorta and left ventricle (LV) demonstrating a mass (marked by two sets of double thin arrows) on the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve (AV) and the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve (MV). The wide single arrow points to the fistulous connection between the aorta and the left atrium (LA). Botto ...
... aorta and left ventricle (LV) demonstrating a mass (marked by two sets of double thin arrows) on the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve (AV) and the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve (MV). The wide single arrow points to the fistulous connection between the aorta and the left atrium (LA). Botto ...
Cardiovascular: Heart
... • Two sphincters: upper and lower esophageal sphincters (lower is physiological only) • Retropleural position (therefore, covered by adventitia) • Mucosa: stratified squamous with many mucus glands (esophageal glands) • Muscularis: changes from skeletal to smooth muscle ...
... • Two sphincters: upper and lower esophageal sphincters (lower is physiological only) • Retropleural position (therefore, covered by adventitia) • Mucosa: stratified squamous with many mucus glands (esophageal glands) • Muscularis: changes from skeletal to smooth muscle ...
Slide 1
... •Try and lift up a piece of valve tissue with a pair of forceps. Can you see the strings attaching the valve to the ventricular muscle, are they strong or weak? •Pull on one and observe what happens to the valve tissue. ...
... •Try and lift up a piece of valve tissue with a pair of forceps. Can you see the strings attaching the valve to the ventricular muscle, are they strong or weak? •Pull on one and observe what happens to the valve tissue. ...
46. Anatomy of the heart
... – Chordae tendinae • Usually a greater number than the right, due to the increased pressures and strength necessary to prevent regurgutation ...
... – Chordae tendinae • Usually a greater number than the right, due to the increased pressures and strength necessary to prevent regurgutation ...
Aortic Valve Regurgitation The aortic valve is one of four valves that
... Diuretics, drugs that help reduce fluid accumulation in your body by increasing fluid loss through urination. Medications (antihypertensive medication) to decrease high blood pressure, which can complicate aortic regurgitation. One or more of these medications may be prescribed to help manage your b ...
... Diuretics, drugs that help reduce fluid accumulation in your body by increasing fluid loss through urination. Medications (antihypertensive medication) to decrease high blood pressure, which can complicate aortic regurgitation. One or more of these medications may be prescribed to help manage your b ...
Aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart such that problems result. It may occur at the aortic valve as well as above and below this level. It typically gets worse over time. Symptoms often come on gradually with a decreased ability to exercise often occurring first. If heart failure, loss of consciousness, or heart related chest pain occurs due to AS the outcomes are worse. Loss of consciousness typically occurs with standing or exercise. Signs of heart failure include shortness of breath especially with lying down, at night, and with exercise as well as swelling of the legs. Thickening of the valve without narrowing is known as aortic sclerosis.Causes include being born with a bicuspid aortic valve and rheumatic fever. A bicuspid aortic valve affects about one to two percent of the population while rheumatic heart disease mostly occurring in the developing world. A normal valve, however, may also harden over the decades. Risk factors are similar to those of coronary artery disease and include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and being male. The aortic valve usually has three leaflets and is located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta. AS typically results in a heart murmur. Its severity can be divided into mild, moderate, severe, and very severe based on ultrasound of the heart findings.Aortic stenosis is typically followed using repeated ultrasounds. Once it has become severe treatment primarily involves valve replacement surgery with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) being an option in some who are at high risk from surgery. Valves may either be mechanical or bioprosthetic with each having risks and benefits. Another less invasive procedure, balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) may result in benefit but this is for only for a few months. Complications like heart failure may be treated as per normal in those with mild to moderate AS. In those with severe disease a number of medications should be avoided including ACE inhibitors, nitroglycerin, and some beta blockers. Nitroprusside or phenylephrine may be used in those with decompensated heart failure depending on the blood pressure.Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the developed world. It affects about 2% of people who are over 65 years of age. Estimated rates are not known in most of the developing world as of 2014. In those who have symptoms, without repair, the chance of death at five years is about 50% and at 10 years is about 90%. Aortic stenosis was first described by French physician Lazare Rivière in 1663.