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Ex5
Ex5

... 1. For a single quantum particle of mass m, spectra p2/2m in a volume V the partition fundtion is Z1(m)=gV/3 with   h / 2mk BT . The particle has a spin degeneracy g (g=2s+1 for spin s). a) Calculate the partition function of two such particles if they are bosons and also if they are fermions. b ...
Slides
Slides

... Motivation - Grand Unification If two particles collide with Planck Scale energy their gravitational interaction would be as strong as the other forces – one hopes to unify all forces into a single simple theory ...
All three experiments have identified specific B meson decays and
All three experiments have identified specific B meson decays and

More on the Standard Model
More on the Standard Model

WS – Bohr/Chadwick Model of Atoms for Elements #1-20
WS – Bohr/Chadwick Model of Atoms for Elements #1-20

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Tutorial material for weak interactions and more
Tutorial material for weak interactions and more

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Particle Physics

... Electric Charge: units = e, where e = 1.6 x 10-19 C ...
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WS * Bohr/Chadwick Model of Atoms for Elements #1-20

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Slides - Indico

... • The graviton is a hypothetical elementary particle that mediates the force of gravitation in the framework of quantum field theory. • The graviton is expected to be massless (because the gravitational force appears to have unlimited range) and must be a spin-2 boson. The spin follows from the fact ...
CosmoSummary - Boston University Physics
CosmoSummary - Boston University Physics

... electrons, nucleons...leptons and quarks subject to Pauli exclusion...only 1 in each state Pauli Exclusion Principle for fermions: no two identical fermions in the same state in the same place at the same time must have different spin, color charge, angular momentum ...
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gauge theory - CERN Indico

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Flipped SU(5) - cosmology - Arizona State University
Flipped SU(5) - cosmology - Arizona State University

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Symmetry and Its Violation -unifying concept of universe

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... actually disturbances of the given force’s field caused by interactions between particles subject to the force [0, p. 208]. The most well-known of these force carriers is the photon, the mediator of the electromagnetic force, which has zero mass and travels at the speed of light [6, p. 114]. The exc ...
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Слайд 1 - The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics

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Early Universe : 2015 Open Note Test

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The Standard Model of the Atom

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Evolution of the Atomic Theory

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Massive two-loop Bhabha Scattering --- the - Indico

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Grand Unified Theory

A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is a model in particle physics in which at high energy, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions or forces, are merged into one single force. This unified interaction is characterized by one larger gauge symmetry and thus several force carriers, but one unified coupling constant. If Grand Unification is realized in nature, there is the possibility of a grand unification epoch in the early universe in which the fundamental forces are not yet distinct.Models that do not unify all interactions using one simple Lie group as the gauge symmetry, but do so using semisimple groups, can exhibit similar properties and are sometimes referred to as Grand Unified Theories as well.Unifying gravity with the other three interactions would provide a theory of everything (TOE), rather than a GUT. Nevertheless, GUTs are often seen as an intermediate step towards a TOE.The novel particles predicted by GUT models are expected to have energies around the GUT scale—just a few orders of magnitude below the Planck scale—and so will be well beyond the reach of any foreseen particle collider experiments. Therefore, the particles predicted by GUT models will be unable to be observed directly and instead the effects of grand unification might be detected through indirect observations such as proton decay, electric dipole moments of elementary particles, or the properties of neutrinos. Some grand unified theories predict the existence of magnetic monopoles.As of 2012, all GUT models which aim to be completely realistic are quite complicated, even compared to the Standard Model, because they need to introduce additional fields and interactions, or even additional dimensions of space. The main reason for this complexity lies in the difficulty of reproducing the observed fermion masses and mixing angles. Due to this difficulty, and due to the lack of any observed effect of grand unification so far, there is no generally accepted GUT model.
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