The predator-prey power law: Biomass scaling across terrestrial and
... size structure. Both carnivore and herbivore mean body mass scale with biomass near exponents k = 0.03 (Fig. 3B), indicating that size structure is nearly invariant and that both the pyramids of biomass and the pyramid of numbers (numerical density) change in similar ways (section M2B) (43–45). Both ...
... size structure. Both carnivore and herbivore mean body mass scale with biomass near exponents k = 0.03 (Fig. 3B), indicating that size structure is nearly invariant and that both the pyramids of biomass and the pyramid of numbers (numerical density) change in similar ways (section M2B) (43–45). Both ...
Presence of dentition in the premaxilla of juvenile Mullus barbatus H. A
... Caldwell, 1962). The results suggest that complete tooth loss for these Mullus species occurs at 90–100 mm. No difference was found between the number or position of teeth in opposite premaxillae. No interspecific differences between the dentition loss rates were noted, whereas, there were differenc ...
... Caldwell, 1962). The results suggest that complete tooth loss for these Mullus species occurs at 90–100 mm. No difference was found between the number or position of teeth in opposite premaxillae. No interspecific differences between the dentition loss rates were noted, whereas, there were differenc ...
Seasonal variations in species composition, abundance, biomass
... influenced by the considerable flow of mixed water originating from the Pichavaram mangroves, and is connected with the Coleroon estuary in south, through a network of creeks, canals and gullies. The Pichavaram mangrove forest is one of the fertile region of the Vellar – Coleroon estuarine complex, ...
... influenced by the considerable flow of mixed water originating from the Pichavaram mangroves, and is connected with the Coleroon estuary in south, through a network of creeks, canals and gullies. The Pichavaram mangrove forest is one of the fertile region of the Vellar – Coleroon estuarine complex, ...
Hatton etal. 2015. Science
... size structure. Both carnivore and herbivore mean body mass scale with biomass near exponents k = 0.03 (Fig. 3B), indicating that size structure is nearly invariant and that both the pyramids of biomass and the pyramid of numbers (numerical density) change in similar ways (section M2B) (43–45). Both ...
... size structure. Both carnivore and herbivore mean body mass scale with biomass near exponents k = 0.03 (Fig. 3B), indicating that size structure is nearly invariant and that both the pyramids of biomass and the pyramid of numbers (numerical density) change in similar ways (section M2B) (43–45). Both ...
DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOUR OF Apis cerana F. AGAINST
... tion to thermal defense, try to sting repeatedly at the junction between thorax and abdomen immediately after capturing a hornet. As soon as the hornet was dead, the bees gradually dispersed from the ball. An occasional bee may then try to remove the corpse, but is usually unsuccessful. The native A ...
... tion to thermal defense, try to sting repeatedly at the junction between thorax and abdomen immediately after capturing a hornet. As soon as the hornet was dead, the bees gradually dispersed from the ball. An occasional bee may then try to remove the corpse, but is usually unsuccessful. The native A ...
Leaf ties as colonization sites for forest arthropods
... collection was compared with a G-test (Zar, 1999). The abundance of arthropods colonizing leaf pairs in each treatment was log (x þ 1) transformed to normalize the residuals and analysed using mixed-model analysis of variance (PROC MIXED; Littell et al., 1996), with treatment as a fixed effect and t ...
... collection was compared with a G-test (Zar, 1999). The abundance of arthropods colonizing leaf pairs in each treatment was log (x þ 1) transformed to normalize the residuals and analysed using mixed-model analysis of variance (PROC MIXED; Littell et al., 1996), with treatment as a fixed effect and t ...
long-term effects of rodent herbivores on tree invasion dynamics
... subplot effect, and study sites as blocks (GLM pro- ...
... subplot effect, and study sites as blocks (GLM pro- ...
Ecology of Thrips
... field study were similar to the predictions based on ecological models of the intrinsic capacity of the predator to suppress thrips and to empirical data for coherent populations of predator and prey in greenhouse systems (Sabelis and van Rijn 1997). The predator:prey ratio has proven a reliable pre ...
... field study were similar to the predictions based on ecological models of the intrinsic capacity of the predator to suppress thrips and to empirical data for coherent populations of predator and prey in greenhouse systems (Sabelis and van Rijn 1997). The predator:prey ratio has proven a reliable pre ...
Coyotes, deer, and wildflowers: diverse evidence points to a trophic
... rather than as the proportion of individuals that had at least one shoot clipped. Clipping by deer could be distinguished from that of small rodents, which take smaller bites than deer and clip stalks much closer to the ground. Also, no transect was within 50 m of a burrow used by marmots, whose her ...
... rather than as the proportion of individuals that had at least one shoot clipped. Clipping by deer could be distinguished from that of small rodents, which take smaller bites than deer and clip stalks much closer to the ground. Also, no transect was within 50 m of a burrow used by marmots, whose her ...
Photosynthesis and productivity in heterogeneous arctic tundra
... proportion of the landscape consists of mixed vegetation in the transition zones between stands, and (ii) C dynamics differ in these transition zones compared with the main stands around them, then transition zones must be quantified and integrated into upscaled (e.g. landscape) carbon flux estimates. ...
... proportion of the landscape consists of mixed vegetation in the transition zones between stands, and (ii) C dynamics differ in these transition zones compared with the main stands around them, then transition zones must be quantified and integrated into upscaled (e.g. landscape) carbon flux estimates. ...
Spatial pattern in Anthyllis cytisoides shrubland on abandoned land
... fans, tussock grassland of Stipa tenacissima, containing A. cytisoides as a minor component, covers the rocky mountain slopes up to the ridges at 800-1100 m. We assume that these A. cytisoides populations served as sources of seed for the colonization of the abandoned fields below. Anthyllis cytisoi ...
... fans, tussock grassland of Stipa tenacissima, containing A. cytisoides as a minor component, covers the rocky mountain slopes up to the ridges at 800-1100 m. We assume that these A. cytisoides populations served as sources of seed for the colonization of the abandoned fields below. Anthyllis cytisoi ...
The Biology of Chameleons
... scientific writings, they first appear with Aristotle (350 BC), and although they were recognized as being similar to lizards in some ways, he also likened them to fish, baboons, and crocodiles. Since then, they have since been the subject of strange myths, amusing tales, and nature documentaries an ...
... scientific writings, they first appear with Aristotle (350 BC), and although they were recognized as being similar to lizards in some ways, he also likened them to fish, baboons, and crocodiles. Since then, they have since been the subject of strange myths, amusing tales, and nature documentaries an ...
生態學 - 國立臺南大學
... • The primitive humans must have been ecologists of sorts – driven by the need to understand where and when their food and their enemies were to be found. (applied ecologists). ...
... • The primitive humans must have been ecologists of sorts – driven by the need to understand where and when their food and their enemies were to be found. (applied ecologists). ...
4. Mechanisms involved in salt-marsh rejuvenation J.P. Bakker
... In many cases the positive feedback between Spartina and sedimentation forms the basis for saltmarsh formation. Under ideal conditions, Spartina can rapidly invade a bare intertidal flat and form a homogeneous vegetation cover. Capturing of fine-grained sediment by Spartina stands, raises soil eleva ...
... In many cases the positive feedback between Spartina and sedimentation forms the basis for saltmarsh formation. Under ideal conditions, Spartina can rapidly invade a bare intertidal flat and form a homogeneous vegetation cover. Capturing of fine-grained sediment by Spartina stands, raises soil eleva ...
Reliable Computation of Equilibrium States and Bifurcations in
... predation responses used, whether age or fertility structure is of interest for a given species, and how resources are being modeled for the basal species. Analysis of food chain models is often performed by examining the parameter space of the model in one or more variables. This approach is referr ...
... predation responses used, whether age or fertility structure is of interest for a given species, and how resources are being modeled for the basal species. Analysis of food chain models is often performed by examining the parameter space of the model in one or more variables. This approach is referr ...
How human disturbance of tropical rainforest can influence avian
... nocturnal. We frequently observed squirrels Sciurus granatensis active in the day, but observed them feeding only on large fruits, never on berries similar to those used in this experiment. Each replicate experiment took two days to run, with half of the study trees tested on each day (i.e. 18 trees ...
... nocturnal. We frequently observed squirrels Sciurus granatensis active in the day, but observed them feeding only on large fruits, never on berries similar to those used in this experiment. Each replicate experiment took two days to run, with half of the study trees tested on each day (i.e. 18 trees ...
How foraging behaviour and resource partitioning
... 1970): it assumes that individuals choose the foraging option that maximises their intake rate, and that individual decisions lead to community patterns. Resource partitioning (Possingham 1992; Rodríguez-Gironés 2006 and other models that will be discussed later) therefore operates at the ecological ...
... 1970): it assumes that individuals choose the foraging option that maximises their intake rate, and that individual decisions lead to community patterns. Resource partitioning (Possingham 1992; Rodríguez-Gironés 2006 and other models that will be discussed later) therefore operates at the ecological ...
How Foraging Behaviour and Resource Partitioning Can
... 1970): it assumes that individuals choose the foraging option that maximises their intake rate, and that individual decisions lead to community patterns. Resource partitioning (Possingham 1992; Rodríguez-Gironés 2006 and other models that will be discussed later) therefore operates at the ecological ...
... 1970): it assumes that individuals choose the foraging option that maximises their intake rate, and that individual decisions lead to community patterns. Resource partitioning (Possingham 1992; Rodríguez-Gironés 2006 and other models that will be discussed later) therefore operates at the ecological ...
Sodium channel mutation leading to saxitoxin
... and siphon retraction in a high-energy, intertidal habitat, where clams can become exposed at the sediment surface, may cause indirect mortalities through desiccation and predation. Longer-term laboratory exposure to toxic A. tamarense cells resulted in high differential mortalities between the two ...
... and siphon retraction in a high-energy, intertidal habitat, where clams can become exposed at the sediment surface, may cause indirect mortalities through desiccation and predation. Longer-term laboratory exposure to toxic A. tamarense cells resulted in high differential mortalities between the two ...
PDF
... wood density across species has proved to be mainly driven by fibre wall and fibre lumen properties (e.g. fibre wall and lumen fractions), more so than by the fraction of wood that is vessels [5–8,12–14], creating one dimension of ecological trait variation. At the same time, species with similar wo ...
... wood density across species has proved to be mainly driven by fibre wall and fibre lumen properties (e.g. fibre wall and lumen fractions), more so than by the fraction of wood that is vessels [5–8,12–14], creating one dimension of ecological trait variation. At the same time, species with similar wo ...
through time, particular reference type area
... The Late Cretaceous diversification of crabs coin- ...
... The Late Cretaceous diversification of crabs coin- ...
15. Macroalgae - Coral Reef Algae Lab
... biogeographical province regarding the benthic algal flora of Australia. This province is less diverse when compared to southern Australia (Flindersian province) and New South Wales (Peronian province). Endemism on the GBR is low, since most species are widely distributed in the Indo-East Pacific bi ...
... biogeographical province regarding the benthic algal flora of Australia. This province is less diverse when compared to southern Australia (Flindersian province) and New South Wales (Peronian province). Endemism on the GBR is low, since most species are widely distributed in the Indo-East Pacific bi ...
Discriminating trait-convergence and trait
... Species in a community tend to be more similar in their ecological requirements, which may lead to trait convergence (underdispersion), but species coexistence may be restricted by their trait similarity, leading to trait divergence (overdispersion). Limiting similarity (MacArthur & Levins 1967) is ...
... Species in a community tend to be more similar in their ecological requirements, which may lead to trait convergence (underdispersion), but species coexistence may be restricted by their trait similarity, leading to trait divergence (overdispersion). Limiting similarity (MacArthur & Levins 1967) is ...
A Stoichiometric Model of Early Plant Primary Succession
... abstract: The relative importance of plant facilitation and competition during primary succession depends on the development of ecosystem nutrient pools, yet the interaction of these processes remains poorly understood. To explore how these mechanisms interact to drive successional dynamics, we devi ...
... abstract: The relative importance of plant facilitation and competition during primary succession depends on the development of ecosystem nutrient pools, yet the interaction of these processes remains poorly understood. To explore how these mechanisms interact to drive successional dynamics, we devi ...
A Stoichiometric Model of Early Plant Primary Succession
... abstract: The relative importance of plant facilitation and competition during primary succession depends on the development of ecosystem nutrient pools, yet the interaction of these processes remains poorly understood. To explore how these mechanisms interact to drive successional dynamics, we devi ...
... abstract: The relative importance of plant facilitation and competition during primary succession depends on the development of ecosystem nutrient pools, yet the interaction of these processes remains poorly understood. To explore how these mechanisms interact to drive successional dynamics, we devi ...
Ficus rubiginosa
Ficus rubiginosa, the rusty fig, Port Jackson fig, or little-leaf fig (damun in the Sydney language) is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae that is native to eastern Australia. It is a banyan of the genus Ficus which contains around 750 species worldwide in warm climates, including the common fig (Ficus carica). Ficus rubiginosa can grow to 30 m (100 ft) high and nearly as wide with a buttressed trunk, and glossy green leaves.