Recruitment facilitation can promote coexistence and buffer population growth in metacommunities
... of metacommunities. For the two-species model, we first found the equilibrium solutions of the model and determined their local stability using classical analyses. Briefly, this was done by linearising the model around each equilibrium solution, and finding the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix. If ...
... of metacommunities. For the two-species model, we first found the equilibrium solutions of the model and determined their local stability using classical analyses. Briefly, this was done by linearising the model around each equilibrium solution, and finding the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix. If ...
1999, pp. 1955-1969 © 1999 by the Ecological Society of America
... sampling was designed so that measurements were taken to closely reflect leaf photosynthetic capacity in the field at ambient CO, concentration (Reich et al. 1991, Ellsworth and Reich 1992). We took at least 10 (but usually more) measurements per species from several individuals at each site, then a ...
... sampling was designed so that measurements were taken to closely reflect leaf photosynthetic capacity in the field at ambient CO, concentration (Reich et al. 1991, Ellsworth and Reich 1992). We took at least 10 (but usually more) measurements per species from several individuals at each site, then a ...
Full Text - Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
... with findings from recent meta-analyses comparing consumer biodiversity effect sizes with those for primary producers35,36. Finally, it suggests that previous investigations of multifunctionality focused on temperate grassland plants may underestimate the importance of biodiversity for multifunctiona ...
... with findings from recent meta-analyses comparing consumer biodiversity effect sizes with those for primary producers35,36. Finally, it suggests that previous investigations of multifunctionality focused on temperate grassland plants may underestimate the importance of biodiversity for multifunctiona ...
algae, calcified
... such as the shallow seaward face of algal ridges, where water velocities dislodge other organisms or prevent them from persisting. Shallow-water crustose corallines also appear to have a symbiotic dependence on intense and frequent grazing by herbivores, such as limpets, sea urchins, and parrotfish. ...
... such as the shallow seaward face of algal ridges, where water velocities dislodge other organisms or prevent them from persisting. Shallow-water crustose corallines also appear to have a symbiotic dependence on intense and frequent grazing by herbivores, such as limpets, sea urchins, and parrotfish. ...
Cohort Dynamics Give Rise to Alternative Stable Community States.
... The occurrence of ASS implies that ecological communities in identical environments may differ as a function of the initial community state (May 1977). Consequently, the timing of species invasions can in some cases lead to different community compositions, referred to as priority effects (Schulman ...
... The occurrence of ASS implies that ecological communities in identical environments may differ as a function of the initial community state (May 1977). Consequently, the timing of species invasions can in some cases lead to different community compositions, referred to as priority effects (Schulman ...
GENERALITY OF LEAF TRAIT RELATIONSHIPS: A TEST ACROSS SIX BIOMES P B. R
... sampling was designed so that measurements were taken to closely reflect leaf photosynthetic capacity in the field at ambient CO2 concentration (Reich et al. 1991, Ellsworth and Reich 1992). We took at least 10 (but usually more) measurements per species from several individuals at each site, then a ...
... sampling was designed so that measurements were taken to closely reflect leaf photosynthetic capacity in the field at ambient CO2 concentration (Reich et al. 1991, Ellsworth and Reich 1992). We took at least 10 (but usually more) measurements per species from several individuals at each site, then a ...
Significance of Plankton Community Structure and Nutrient
... an alternation between a biflagellated free-living infective stage (the dinospore) and an intracellular stage (the trophont). Once inside the host, maturation takes 2–3 days and eventually culminates with the death of the host and the release of a motile worm-shaped multinucleated and multiflagellat ...
... an alternation between a biflagellated free-living infective stage (the dinospore) and an intracellular stage (the trophont). Once inside the host, maturation takes 2–3 days and eventually culminates with the death of the host and the release of a motile worm-shaped multinucleated and multiflagellat ...
ppt檔案
... The effects of herbivores Consumption of plant parts is known to have negative effects. However, some evidence suggests that the activity of herbivores has beneficial effects. Grazing increases seed production, increases biomass production, increases nutrient content. ...
... The effects of herbivores Consumption of plant parts is known to have negative effects. However, some evidence suggests that the activity of herbivores has beneficial effects. Grazing increases seed production, increases biomass production, increases nutrient content. ...
Density-dependent facilitation cascades determine
... correlated with algal and oyster abundance, but their effects were independent. The positive effect of pneumatophore density on epifauna was primarily an indirect effect of trapping more algae. Pneumatophores did not directly influence invertebrate communities. Experiments revealed that, at very low ...
... correlated with algal and oyster abundance, but their effects were independent. The positive effect of pneumatophore density on epifauna was primarily an indirect effect of trapping more algae. Pneumatophores did not directly influence invertebrate communities. Experiments revealed that, at very low ...
Centrostephanus rodgersii on shallow subtidal
... included the brown algae Ecklonia radiata, Sargassum spp., Zonaria spp., Lobophora spp., red alga Delisea pulchra and articulated coralline algae Amphiroa sp. and Corallina sp. Species of filamentous algae were also combined (see Andrew & Underwood 1989, Underwood et a1.1991) as were crustose corall ...
... included the brown algae Ecklonia radiata, Sargassum spp., Zonaria spp., Lobophora spp., red alga Delisea pulchra and articulated coralline algae Amphiroa sp. and Corallina sp. Species of filamentous algae were also combined (see Andrew & Underwood 1989, Underwood et a1.1991) as were crustose corall ...
Significance of Plankton Community Structure and Nutrient
... an alternation between a biflagellated free-living infective stage (the dinospore) and an intracellular stage (the trophont). Once inside the host, maturation takes 2–3 days and eventually culminates with the death of the host and the release of a motile worm-shaped multinucleated and multiflagellat ...
... an alternation between a biflagellated free-living infective stage (the dinospore) and an intracellular stage (the trophont). Once inside the host, maturation takes 2–3 days and eventually culminates with the death of the host and the release of a motile worm-shaped multinucleated and multiflagellat ...
MICHAL GRUSZCZYRSKI HARDGROUNDS AND ECOLOGICAL
... ecological succession by Odum (1969). Paleoecologists just applied models by Connell and Slatyer (1977) to their studies (Wilson 1982, 1985, McCall and Tevesz 1983). However, traditional, since article by Johnson (1972) attitude towards ecological succession in paleoecology has still existed. Johnso ...
... ecological succession by Odum (1969). Paleoecologists just applied models by Connell and Slatyer (1977) to their studies (Wilson 1982, 1985, McCall and Tevesz 1983). However, traditional, since article by Johnson (1972) attitude towards ecological succession in paleoecology has still existed. Johnso ...
Biotic and abiotic factors affecting distributions of megafauna in
... chemicals (particularly sulfide) in vent effluent, which can also be toxic and hot. As a result, the vent environment is fundamentally different from most other environments because primary production is usually positively correlated with environmental stress. Gradients of environmental change are a ...
... chemicals (particularly sulfide) in vent effluent, which can also be toxic and hot. As a result, the vent environment is fundamentally different from most other environments because primary production is usually positively correlated with environmental stress. Gradients of environmental change are a ...
Trait similarity patterns within grass and grasshopper
... only restricted by competition filters, but can also be limited by predation filters. So from a multitrophic perspective, we suggest that dispersal, fundamental niche, competition, and predation filters interact within and across trophic levels (Fig. 1B). In this multitrophic perspective, different fun ...
... only restricted by competition filters, but can also be limited by predation filters. So from a multitrophic perspective, we suggest that dispersal, fundamental niche, competition, and predation filters interact within and across trophic levels (Fig. 1B). In this multitrophic perspective, different fun ...
Parasitism, commensalism or mutualism?
... Optic and SEM observations of the sponge skeleton and horny thecae of the scyphozoan were carried out on specimens whose organic matrix was previously removed by decay in seawater. Skeletal parts fixed in 4% formalin were dehydrated by immersion in a graded series of ethanol, subjected to the critic ...
... Optic and SEM observations of the sponge skeleton and horny thecae of the scyphozoan were carried out on specimens whose organic matrix was previously removed by decay in seawater. Skeletal parts fixed in 4% formalin were dehydrated by immersion in a graded series of ethanol, subjected to the critic ...
effects of algal and herbivore diversity on the partitioning of biomass
... association between monoculture and polyculture biovolume would be broadly consistent with a selection effect driven by exploitative competition (Fox 2002). I tested for an association between the mean biovolume of each algal species in monoculture and polyculture using correlation coefficients. I c ...
... association between monoculture and polyculture biovolume would be broadly consistent with a selection effect driven by exploitative competition (Fox 2002). I tested for an association between the mean biovolume of each algal species in monoculture and polyculture using correlation coefficients. I c ...
Abundance matters: a Weld experiment testing the more individuals
... increase in protozoan richness, which may have resulted from an increase in the abundance of rare taxa in higher resource treatments (Kneitel and Miller 2002), a result consistent with the MIH. Current ideas about the relationship between diversity and productivity often focus on plant communities, ...
... increase in protozoan richness, which may have resulted from an increase in the abundance of rare taxa in higher resource treatments (Kneitel and Miller 2002), a result consistent with the MIH. Current ideas about the relationship between diversity and productivity often focus on plant communities, ...
Changes in the diet of hake associated with El Niño 1997?1998 in
... SSTA was used to explore the association between the physical habitat variability and the changes in the diet of hake (Fig. 4a). Although anchovy is the dominant prey of the analysed size range of hake, the reduction of its availability during El Niño 1997–1998 (Chavez et al., 2003) (Fig. 4b) would ...
... SSTA was used to explore the association between the physical habitat variability and the changes in the diet of hake (Fig. 4a). Although anchovy is the dominant prey of the analysed size range of hake, the reduction of its availability during El Niño 1997–1998 (Chavez et al., 2003) (Fig. 4b) would ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... are found on a variety of soil and sites in the Upper Midwest and across much of the eastern half of the United States (Eyre 1980). Ash trees are generally prolific seeders and a variety of ducks, song birds, game birds, small mammals, and insects feed on ash seeds. In many ecosystems, ash trees prov ...
... are found on a variety of soil and sites in the Upper Midwest and across much of the eastern half of the United States (Eyre 1980). Ash trees are generally prolific seeders and a variety of ducks, song birds, game birds, small mammals, and insects feed on ash seeds. In many ecosystems, ash trees prov ...
MUTUALISM AND CORAL PERSISTENCE: THE ROLE OF
... the corals were attached had been placed in the field at the shallow and deep sites for 10 wk prior to the start of the experiment to allow a natural fouling community to develop. At least once a week throughout the course of the experiment, each coral was checked for crabs; missing crabs were repla ...
... the corals were attached had been placed in the field at the shallow and deep sites for 10 wk prior to the start of the experiment to allow a natural fouling community to develop. At least once a week throughout the course of the experiment, each coral was checked for crabs; missing crabs were repla ...
Stochastic models reveal conditions for cyclic dominance in sockeye
... Because different cycle-generating mechanisms tend to produce characteristic dynamics (as measured by the period and persistence of the cycles), population models are an invaluable tool for diagnosing the source of cyclic behavior and determining whether proposed mechanisms can actually produce the ...
... Because different cycle-generating mechanisms tend to produce characteristic dynamics (as measured by the period and persistence of the cycles), population models are an invaluable tool for diagnosing the source of cyclic behavior and determining whether proposed mechanisms can actually produce the ...
Costs of two non-mutualistic species in a yucca/yucca moth mutualism
... fruit in an arrangement that protects some fertile seeds from being consumed (Ziv and Bronstein 1996), and thick membranes restrict moths to feeding in only one of the six locules (Ziv and Bronstein 1996). The ecology and evolution of this mutualism can only be understood in light of the substantial ...
... fruit in an arrangement that protects some fertile seeds from being consumed (Ziv and Bronstein 1996), and thick membranes restrict moths to feeding in only one of the six locules (Ziv and Bronstein 1996). The ecology and evolution of this mutualism can only be understood in light of the substantial ...
Rotifers: Exquisite Metazoans1 - Integrative and Comparative Biology
... relationship? (See also the section Phylogenetic quandaries, below.) The syncytial integument of rotifers is notable in that it contains an intracytoplasmic lamina (ICL) composed of two filamentous, keratin-like proteins (39K, 47K Daltons), cross-linked by disulfide bonds (Bender and Kleinow, 1988; ...
... relationship? (See also the section Phylogenetic quandaries, below.) The syncytial integument of rotifers is notable in that it contains an intracytoplasmic lamina (ICL) composed of two filamentous, keratin-like proteins (39K, 47K Daltons), cross-linked by disulfide bonds (Bender and Kleinow, 1988; ...
Spatial dynamics of mutualistic interactions
... response to low abundances of the mobile mutualist, and causes extinction of both species once their numbers fall below a critical threshold. 3. Dispersal of the mobile mutualist can rescue such sink communities from extinction, provided there is at least one source community in which both species h ...
... response to low abundances of the mobile mutualist, and causes extinction of both species once their numbers fall below a critical threshold. 3. Dispersal of the mobile mutualist can rescue such sink communities from extinction, provided there is at least one source community in which both species h ...
Waiting for Gajah: an elephant mutualist`s contingency plan for an
... to the loss of megaherbivore dispersers. On the one hand, research by Cochrane (2003) on B. wilsoniana indicates that the species could face catastrophic reductions in range and population without elephants, and work by Blake et al. (2009) suggests that Africa’s forests are home to at least 13 speci ...
... to the loss of megaherbivore dispersers. On the one hand, research by Cochrane (2003) on B. wilsoniana indicates that the species could face catastrophic reductions in range and population without elephants, and work by Blake et al. (2009) suggests that Africa’s forests are home to at least 13 speci ...
Ficus rubiginosa
Ficus rubiginosa, the rusty fig, Port Jackson fig, or little-leaf fig (damun in the Sydney language) is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae that is native to eastern Australia. It is a banyan of the genus Ficus which contains around 750 species worldwide in warm climates, including the common fig (Ficus carica). Ficus rubiginosa can grow to 30 m (100 ft) high and nearly as wide with a buttressed trunk, and glossy green leaves.