Predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... willow Salix orestera, which compose the first and second trophic levels of the food web. Decreasing predator diversity increased herbivore biomass and survivorship, and consequently increased the amount of plant biomass consumed via a trophic cascade. Despite this simple linear mean effect of divers ...
... willow Salix orestera, which compose the first and second trophic levels of the food web. Decreasing predator diversity increased herbivore biomass and survivorship, and consequently increased the amount of plant biomass consumed via a trophic cascade. Despite this simple linear mean effect of divers ...
predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... willow Salix orestera, which compose the first and second trophic levels of the food web. Decreasing predator diversity increased herbivore biomass and survivorship, and consequently increased the amount of plant biomass consumed via a trophic cascade. Despite this simple linear mean effect of divers ...
... willow Salix orestera, which compose the first and second trophic levels of the food web. Decreasing predator diversity increased herbivore biomass and survivorship, and consequently increased the amount of plant biomass consumed via a trophic cascade. Despite this simple linear mean effect of divers ...
predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... willow Salix orestera, which compose the first and second trophic levels of the food web. Decreasing predator diversity increased herbivore biomass and survivorship, and consequently increased the amount of plant biomass consumed via a trophic cascade. Despite this simple linear mean effect of divers ...
... willow Salix orestera, which compose the first and second trophic levels of the food web. Decreasing predator diversity increased herbivore biomass and survivorship, and consequently increased the amount of plant biomass consumed via a trophic cascade. Despite this simple linear mean effect of divers ...
species introduction and replacement among mosquitoes
... some, but not all sites in Florida (O’Meara et al. 1993, 1995, Hornby et al. 1994) and other parts of North America (Hobbs et al. 1991, Mekuria and Hyatt 1995). Often, A. albopictus appears to displace A. aegypti in suburban and rural areas, whereas in urban environments of South Florida, though A. ...
... some, but not all sites in Florida (O’Meara et al. 1993, 1995, Hornby et al. 1994) and other parts of North America (Hobbs et al. 1991, Mekuria and Hyatt 1995). Often, A. albopictus appears to displace A. aegypti in suburban and rural areas, whereas in urban environments of South Florida, though A. ...
The Association of Ophiothrix lineata and Callyspongia vaginalis: A
... In cases where the two taxa are invariably associated there may be a strict symbiosis, with at least the brittlestar benefiting from the association. The brittlestar Ophiothrix lineata LYMAN,for example, has been reported as an associate of various sponge species. This study examines the interaction ...
... In cases where the two taxa are invariably associated there may be a strict symbiosis, with at least the brittlestar benefiting from the association. The brittlestar Ophiothrix lineata LYMAN,for example, has been reported as an associate of various sponge species. This study examines the interaction ...
Threats to and protection of coral reefs
... distribution is very patchy in each area. In southwestern Florida, the Vermetids are mainly located in the Ten Thousand Islands area but also extend intermittently along the western coast of Florida as far as Sarasota. However, they are not found in Florida Bay or the Keys, but a small colony has be ...
... distribution is very patchy in each area. In southwestern Florida, the Vermetids are mainly located in the Ten Thousand Islands area but also extend intermittently along the western coast of Florida as far as Sarasota. However, they are not found in Florida Bay or the Keys, but a small colony has be ...
Cooperation
... involved in food sharing, it was indeed the case that, despite the fact that the average relatedness in groups was low, genetic relatives were still more likely to swap blood meals than were other individuals (Fig. 9.12) Index of opportunity for reciprocity 1. The probability of future interaction ...
... involved in food sharing, it was indeed the case that, despite the fact that the average relatedness in groups was low, genetic relatives were still more likely to swap blood meals than were other individuals (Fig. 9.12) Index of opportunity for reciprocity 1. The probability of future interaction ...
Rotifera X
... et al., isolated more than 100 females of the obligately asexual bdelloid rotifers from nature and sequenced their mitochondrial cox1 genes and conclude that in the absence of sexual reproduction the bdelloids have undergone substantial cladogenesis; bdelloid clades are adapted to different niches an ...
... et al., isolated more than 100 females of the obligately asexual bdelloid rotifers from nature and sequenced their mitochondrial cox1 genes and conclude that in the absence of sexual reproduction the bdelloids have undergone substantial cladogenesis; bdelloid clades are adapted to different niches an ...
Assessment of Divisions 2G 3K (Shrimp Fishing Areas 4 6) Northern
... These shrimp are protandrous hermaphrodites. They first mature as males, mate as males for one to several years and then change sex to spend the rest of their lives as mature females. They are known to live for more than eight years in some areas. Some northern populations exhibit slower rates of gr ...
... These shrimp are protandrous hermaphrodites. They first mature as males, mate as males for one to several years and then change sex to spend the rest of their lives as mature females. They are known to live for more than eight years in some areas. Some northern populations exhibit slower rates of gr ...
Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Yukon
... when perched their wings are held out away from the body. In the damselflies and smaller dragonflies, development occurs rapidly and, even in the Yukon, adults emerge either later the same summer (as in Lestes) or in the following summer. However, in the larger dragonflies such as Aeshna or Somatoch ...
... when perched their wings are held out away from the body. In the damselflies and smaller dragonflies, development occurs rapidly and, even in the Yukon, adults emerge either later the same summer (as in Lestes) or in the following summer. However, in the larger dragonflies such as Aeshna or Somatoch ...
Linking modern coexistence theory and contemporary niche theory
... species is a better competitor for a different resource. Second, each species must have a r elatively greater impact on the resource it finds most limiting. Third, the supply ratio of the two resources must not disproportionately favour one species over the other. More precisely, the supply rati ...
... species is a better competitor for a different resource. Second, each species must have a r elatively greater impact on the resource it finds most limiting. Third, the supply ratio of the two resources must not disproportionately favour one species over the other. More precisely, the supply rati ...
In search of operational trophospecies in a tropical aquatic ,food web
... 1989, Winemiller 1990, Hall and Raffaelli 1991, Martinez 1991, Polis 1991). Although uneven and subjective taxonomic aggregation remains a problem for this second generation of data, these webs tend to contain more taxa and greater taxonomic resolution than the first generation data. Even if full re ...
... 1989, Winemiller 1990, Hall and Raffaelli 1991, Martinez 1991, Polis 1991). Although uneven and subjective taxonomic aggregation remains a problem for this second generation of data, these webs tend to contain more taxa and greater taxonomic resolution than the first generation data. Even if full re ...
Chapter 52 ppt
... variations in temperature and salinity and by the mechanical forces of wave action • Many animals of rocky intertidal environments have structural adaptations that enable them to attach to the hard substrate Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... variations in temperature and salinity and by the mechanical forces of wave action • Many animals of rocky intertidal environments have structural adaptations that enable them to attach to the hard substrate Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Ecology
... variations in temperature and salinity and by the mechanical forces of wave action • Many animals of rocky intertidal environments have structural adaptations that enable them to attach to the hard substrate Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... variations in temperature and salinity and by the mechanical forces of wave action • Many animals of rocky intertidal environments have structural adaptations that enable them to attach to the hard substrate Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Feeding by lepidopteran larvae is dangerous
... compounds on parasitoids are not well understood, but one view is that the effects on parasitoids will be similar to that on predators: sequestered compounds will be toxic to parasitoids and act in a dose-dependent manner (e.g., Duffey et al., 1986; Sime, 2002; Singer and Stireman, 2003; Singer et a ...
... compounds on parasitoids are not well understood, but one view is that the effects on parasitoids will be similar to that on predators: sequestered compounds will be toxic to parasitoids and act in a dose-dependent manner (e.g., Duffey et al., 1986; Sime, 2002; Singer and Stireman, 2003; Singer et a ...
Patterns of disturbance and recovery in littoral rock pools
... in this system was mainly d u e to physical disturbances. A multifactorial experiment was used to assess the effects of herbivores (natural vs reduced densities), size of patch (17 X 17 vs 32 X 32 cm) and time of clearance (February vs August) on algal colon~zationIn expelimentally cleared plots. An ...
... in this system was mainly d u e to physical disturbances. A multifactorial experiment was used to assess the effects of herbivores (natural vs reduced densities), size of patch (17 X 17 vs 32 X 32 cm) and time of clearance (February vs August) on algal colon~zationIn expelimentally cleared plots. An ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 224:21
... group abundance and evaluate their association with oceanographic features. Results showed that the main sessile components of the landscape throughout the region were kelps (16%) and crustose algae (48%) in the low intertidal zone, while mussels beds (30%) and corticated algae (32%) dominated the m ...
... group abundance and evaluate their association with oceanographic features. Results showed that the main sessile components of the landscape throughout the region were kelps (16%) and crustose algae (48%) in the low intertidal zone, while mussels beds (30%) and corticated algae (32%) dominated the m ...
Tree Physiology 35 - CREAF
... Mountains (Czech Republic). All measurements were taken on leaves from upper and lower parts of the canopy of mature trees (>85 years old) growing at low (400 m above sea level, a.s.l.), middle (720 m a.s.l.) and high (1100 m a.s.l.) altitudes. Compared with trees at higher altitudes, those growing ...
... Mountains (Czech Republic). All measurements were taken on leaves from upper and lower parts of the canopy of mature trees (>85 years old) growing at low (400 m above sea level, a.s.l.), middle (720 m a.s.l.) and high (1100 m a.s.l.) altitudes. Compared with trees at higher altitudes, those growing ...
The significance of ratios of detritus types and micro
... Individual larvae of O. triseriatus require about 0·05 g of low-quality oak leaves for full development (Kaufman et al. 2001), but fail to develop on 0·025 g (Carpenter 1983). Thus, the low levels of leaf material would probably result in resource competition. Adult fruit flies were obtained from wi ...
... Individual larvae of O. triseriatus require about 0·05 g of low-quality oak leaves for full development (Kaufman et al. 2001), but fail to develop on 0·025 g (Carpenter 1983). Thus, the low levels of leaf material would probably result in resource competition. Adult fruit flies were obtained from wi ...
EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF MUTUALISM: THE ROLE OF
... dynamics and coevolution of mutualists, using two classes of pollination mutualisms as model systems for a combination of empirical and theoretical studies. These types of pollinating mutualisms are the group of pollinating seed parasite mutualisms, typified by yuccas and yucca moths, and generalize ...
... dynamics and coevolution of mutualists, using two classes of pollination mutualisms as model systems for a combination of empirical and theoretical studies. These types of pollinating mutualisms are the group of pollinating seed parasite mutualisms, typified by yuccas and yucca moths, and generalize ...
generality of leaf trait relationships: a test across six biomes
... sampling was designed so that measurements were taken to closely reflect leaf photosynthetic capacity in the field at ambient CO2 concentration (Reich et al. 1991, Ellsworth and Reich 1992). We took at least 10 (but usually more) measurements per species from several individuals at each site, then a ...
... sampling was designed so that measurements were taken to closely reflect leaf photosynthetic capacity in the field at ambient CO2 concentration (Reich et al. 1991, Ellsworth and Reich 1992). We took at least 10 (but usually more) measurements per species from several individuals at each site, then a ...
The Biology of Limpets, part 2, Branch
... area, so that the energetically expensive egg production can be based on a secure source of food. In species like Crepidula fornicata, with internal fertilization and brooding of eggs, the advantage of protandry is more obvious. A small male can adequately fertilize all the females within reach, whi ...
... area, so that the energetically expensive egg production can be based on a secure source of food. In species like Crepidula fornicata, with internal fertilization and brooding of eggs, the advantage of protandry is more obvious. A small male can adequately fertilize all the females within reach, whi ...
trait-mediated indirect interactions in a simple aquatic food web
... order to establish whether competitive and predator–prey interactions between two species are affected by other species in the system; i.e., are pairwise interaction strengths affected by the background species assemblage? We examined the survival and growth response of small bullfrog (Rana catesbei ...
... order to establish whether competitive and predator–prey interactions between two species are affected by other species in the system; i.e., are pairwise interaction strengths affected by the background species assemblage? We examined the survival and growth response of small bullfrog (Rana catesbei ...
Marco-Mendez, C., L. M. Ferrero-Vicente, P. Prado, K. L. Heck, J
... Herbivory on Mediterranean seagrass species is generally low compared to consumption of some other temperate and tropical species of seagrasses. In this study we: (1) investigate the feeding preference of the two dominant Mediterranean seagrass herbivores, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and th ...
... Herbivory on Mediterranean seagrass species is generally low compared to consumption of some other temperate and tropical species of seagrasses. In this study we: (1) investigate the feeding preference of the two dominant Mediterranean seagrass herbivores, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and th ...
Direct and Indirect Effects of White
... Although there is a broad body of work on how deer and other ungulates indirectly affect bird and small mammal communities, much less work has been done on the indirect effects of deer on arthropod assemblages. Many arthropod species are direct competitors with deer for vegetation as food, and an ev ...
... Although there is a broad body of work on how deer and other ungulates indirectly affect bird and small mammal communities, much less work has been done on the indirect effects of deer on arthropod assemblages. Many arthropod species are direct competitors with deer for vegetation as food, and an ev ...
Ficus rubiginosa
Ficus rubiginosa, the rusty fig, Port Jackson fig, or little-leaf fig (damun in the Sydney language) is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae that is native to eastern Australia. It is a banyan of the genus Ficus which contains around 750 species worldwide in warm climates, including the common fig (Ficus carica). Ficus rubiginosa can grow to 30 m (100 ft) high and nearly as wide with a buttressed trunk, and glossy green leaves.