predation risk affects relative strength of top-down
... Insight into the mechanism underlying the relative susceptibility of the various sap-feeders to spider predation was gained by determining their behavioral responses to an advancing artificial spider. The escape responses of the five sap-feeders (P. marginata, P. dolus, D. penedetecta, S. aestuarium ...
... Insight into the mechanism underlying the relative susceptibility of the various sap-feeders to spider predation was gained by determining their behavioral responses to an advancing artificial spider. The escape responses of the five sap-feeders (P. marginata, P. dolus, D. penedetecta, S. aestuarium ...
Chapter 8 Behavioral Ecology
... recognize quickly, and with minimum trauma. The younger or smaller individual often loses such an encounter, but given time, that individual may well become large enough to dominate others. Ecology 2001 ...
... recognize quickly, and with minimum trauma. The younger or smaller individual often loses such an encounter, but given time, that individual may well become large enough to dominate others. Ecology 2001 ...
Impacts of Warming on the Structure and Functioning of Aquatic
... Empirical ecological research is typically carried out over small spatiotemporal scales (Callahan, 1984) and rarely across multiple levels of organisation (e.g. individuals to ecosystems), largely due to logistic constraints. This is a major challenge because climate change in natural systems operat ...
... Empirical ecological research is typically carried out over small spatiotemporal scales (Callahan, 1984) and rarely across multiple levels of organisation (e.g. individuals to ecosystems), largely due to logistic constraints. This is a major challenge because climate change in natural systems operat ...
What is hidden behind the concept of ecosystem efficiency in energy
... and the effective connectance, m, with regard to a sample of 113 community webs reported in Briand and Cohen (1987). (ii) The above correlation is strengthened for a sub-sample of 36 aquatic community webs while, on the other hand, it is almost vanishing for a sub-sample of 21 terrestrial community ...
... and the effective connectance, m, with regard to a sample of 113 community webs reported in Briand and Cohen (1987). (ii) The above correlation is strengthened for a sub-sample of 36 aquatic community webs while, on the other hand, it is almost vanishing for a sub-sample of 21 terrestrial community ...
Heteromorphic Life Histories of Certain Marine Algae as Adaptations
... Upright plants are dioecious and produce two o f three possible types o f spores: ( 1 ) "monospores" or "neutral spores" which develop into more upright filaments and one o f the following types o f spores (2) "carpospores" or "alpha spores" which germinate to give rise to the "Conchocelis" phase, o ...
... Upright plants are dioecious and produce two o f three possible types o f spores: ( 1 ) "monospores" or "neutral spores" which develop into more upright filaments and one o f the following types o f spores (2) "carpospores" or "alpha spores" which germinate to give rise to the "Conchocelis" phase, o ...
Fungal endophytes limit pathogen damage in a tropical tree
... fewer than five classes of Ascomycota, with ⬇3–20 species often coexisting as highly localized infections within individual leaves (25, 26). Many endophytes of woody plants appear to be closely related to pathogens (14) and evidence for defensive mutualism with regard to herbivores or abiotic stress ...
... fewer than five classes of Ascomycota, with ⬇3–20 species often coexisting as highly localized infections within individual leaves (25, 26). Many endophytes of woody plants appear to be closely related to pathogens (14) and evidence for defensive mutualism with regard to herbivores or abiotic stress ...
Consumer versus resource control of producer producer community structure
... enrichment and herbivore manipulations can have positive or negative effects on producer diversity (6–8); no consensus has been reached as to what determines the direction or magnitude of these effects, although ecosystem productivity is thought to strongly influence community responses (9). Resourc ...
... enrichment and herbivore manipulations can have positive or negative effects on producer diversity (6–8); no consensus has been reached as to what determines the direction or magnitude of these effects, although ecosystem productivity is thought to strongly influence community responses (9). Resourc ...
Eco-evolutionary feedbacks during experimental range
... frequency, likely due to anthropogenic habitat conversion, species introductions or climate change1–4. While it is ecologically and economically highly relevant to predict the spatiotemporal dynamics of species’ ranges, this task remains challenging5–7 as populations experiencing novel environments ...
... frequency, likely due to anthropogenic habitat conversion, species introductions or climate change1–4. While it is ecologically and economically highly relevant to predict the spatiotemporal dynamics of species’ ranges, this task remains challenging5–7 as populations experiencing novel environments ...
Colonization of artificial seagrass versus time and distance from
... and later retrieved by gently lifting them a few centimeters off the sediment surface and then quickly scooping them up to the water's surface with a 30 cm diameter 0.5 mm mesh sieve. We put each clump and contents of the sieve in separate containers and returned them to the laboratory. There, we wa ...
... and later retrieved by gently lifting them a few centimeters off the sediment surface and then quickly scooping them up to the water's surface with a 30 cm diameter 0.5 mm mesh sieve. We put each clump and contents of the sieve in separate containers and returned them to the laboratory. There, we wa ...
Ants and Ant
... Some tropical plant species possessnectar-secreting glands as well as othr': structures'that collectively act to attract ants. Indeed, a diversity of plant sptcies ranging through nineteen families (and including ferns, epiphytes, vine. because of their and trees) have been classified as "ant-plants ...
... Some tropical plant species possessnectar-secreting glands as well as othr': structures'that collectively act to attract ants. Indeed, a diversity of plant sptcies ranging through nineteen families (and including ferns, epiphytes, vine. because of their and trees) have been classified as "ant-plants ...
Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do
... to a prolonged drought (Swetnam & Betancourt, 1998; Breshears et al., 2005; Guarin & Taylor, 2005; Berg et al., 2006; Bigler et al., 2006). Likewise, most tree ring studies have observed that trees predisposed to die have lower mean growth rates or greater growth sensitivity to climate in the ...
... to a prolonged drought (Swetnam & Betancourt, 1998; Breshears et al., 2005; Guarin & Taylor, 2005; Berg et al., 2006; Bigler et al., 2006). Likewise, most tree ring studies have observed that trees predisposed to die have lower mean growth rates or greater growth sensitivity to climate in the ...
The niche construction paradigm in ecological time
... A recent literature in evolutionary theory emphasizes the idea of niche construction (Olden-Smee et al., 2004; Lewontin, 2001; Silver and Di Paolo, 2006; Kerr et al., 1999), in which the convention of a distinct separation between organism and its environment is challenged. Rather, it is argued, the ...
... A recent literature in evolutionary theory emphasizes the idea of niche construction (Olden-Smee et al., 2004; Lewontin, 2001; Silver and Di Paolo, 2006; Kerr et al., 1999), in which the convention of a distinct separation between organism and its environment is challenged. Rather, it is argued, the ...
American Journal of Botany
... concentration of resources used by t, or (c) the rate of depletion of resources used by t, calculated as instantaneous rates of consumption (e.g., estimates of metabolism), the difference between a known initial and final concentration (e.g., time series of decomposition), or the difference between ...
... concentration of resources used by t, or (c) the rate of depletion of resources used by t, calculated as instantaneous rates of consumption (e.g., estimates of metabolism), the difference between a known initial and final concentration (e.g., time series of decomposition), or the difference between ...
American Journal of Botany
... concentration of resources used by t, or (c) the rate of depletion of resources used by t, calculated as instantaneous rates of consumption (e.g., estimates of metabolism), the difference between a known initial and final concentration (e.g., time series of decomposition), or the difference between ...
... concentration of resources used by t, or (c) the rate of depletion of resources used by t, calculated as instantaneous rates of consumption (e.g., estimates of metabolism), the difference between a known initial and final concentration (e.g., time series of decomposition), or the difference between ...
Habitat alteration and community-level effects of an exotic mussel
... freshwater systems are bivalves in the families Mytilidae (sea mussels) and Dreissenidae (false mussels). Mussels have the potential to dramatically affect communities and ecosystems, as they are often dominant space occupiers, can alter habitats through construction of dense beds, and can link bent ...
... freshwater systems are bivalves in the families Mytilidae (sea mussels) and Dreissenidae (false mussels). Mussels have the potential to dramatically affect communities and ecosystems, as they are often dominant space occupiers, can alter habitats through construction of dense beds, and can link bent ...
Evolution and success of antlions (Neuropterida: Neuroptera
... has been the key factor in the rise of Neuroptera as a group of specialist predators. Adaptations derived from this attribute include: smooth curved mandibles in larvae of Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Nemopteridae and Psychopsidae; short or long straight stylets in Coniopterygidae, Sisyridae, Osmylida ...
... has been the key factor in the rise of Neuroptera as a group of specialist predators. Adaptations derived from this attribute include: smooth curved mandibles in larvae of Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Nemopteridae and Psychopsidae; short or long straight stylets in Coniopterygidae, Sisyridae, Osmylida ...
grazer diversity, functional redundancy, and productivity in seagrass
... Abstract. Concern over the accelerating loss of biodiversity has stimulated renewed interest in relationships among species richness, species composition, and the functional properties of ecosystems. Mechanistically, the degree of functional differentiation or complementarity among individual specie ...
... Abstract. Concern over the accelerating loss of biodiversity has stimulated renewed interest in relationships among species richness, species composition, and the functional properties of ecosystems. Mechanistically, the degree of functional differentiation or complementarity among individual specie ...
Other Contributions - Mesoamerican Herpetology
... and Gorzula, 1989). Although considered characteristic of other Neotropical bufonid genera, direct development has not been confirmed in other species. Osornophryne guacamayo is a South American bufonid thought to have developed direct development as a mode of reproduction. It occurs at elevations f ...
... and Gorzula, 1989). Although considered characteristic of other Neotropical bufonid genera, direct development has not been confirmed in other species. Osornophryne guacamayo is a South American bufonid thought to have developed direct development as a mode of reproduction. It occurs at elevations f ...
pollination biology and reproductive ecology of scaevola taccada
... Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA Abstract. Plants often depend on other organisms to pollinate their flowers in order to successfully reproduce. On an island, plants face multiple challenges to establish and persist, especially if the plant depend ...
... Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA Abstract. Plants often depend on other organisms to pollinate their flowers in order to successfully reproduce. On an island, plants face multiple challenges to establish and persist, especially if the plant depend ...
Consumer trophic diversity as a fundamental mechanism linking
... 3. To evaluate how consumer trophic diversity mediates predator effects on ecosystem functioning, we conducted a mesocosm experiment and a field study using an assemblage of invertebrates that naturally co-occur on North Atlantic coastal saltmarshes. We measured the indirect impact of predation on pr ...
... 3. To evaluate how consumer trophic diversity mediates predator effects on ecosystem functioning, we conducted a mesocosm experiment and a field study using an assemblage of invertebrates that naturally co-occur on North Atlantic coastal saltmarshes. We measured the indirect impact of predation on pr ...
Comparing growth patterns among field populations of cereal
... of a particular species in the total aphid population may remain constant, suggesting a density-independent exponential growth, or the proportion can change, suggesting density-dependent constraints on growth. The constraints that affect particular species, and thus their relative abundance, were st ...
... of a particular species in the total aphid population may remain constant, suggesting a density-independent exponential growth, or the proportion can change, suggesting density-dependent constraints on growth. The constraints that affect particular species, and thus their relative abundance, were st ...
The Role of Waterlogging in Maintaining Forb
... Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology. ...
... Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology. ...
Document
... Protozooplankton standing stocks and composition The protozooplankton during EIFEX was composed of a phylogenetically diverse assemblage of mineral- and shell-bearing and naked taxa spanning one order of magnitude in size (Supplementary data, Fig. S1). Out of the 64 protozoan taxa recorded during EI ...
... Protozooplankton standing stocks and composition The protozooplankton during EIFEX was composed of a phylogenetically diverse assemblage of mineral- and shell-bearing and naked taxa spanning one order of magnitude in size (Supplementary data, Fig. S1). Out of the 64 protozoan taxa recorded during EI ...
reports - UNM Biology Department
... measured the height of all woody saplings .1 year old. Species included box elder (69% of individuals), silver maple (12%), red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea, 7%), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, 5%), red maple (Acer rubrum, 4%), and black cherry (Prunus serotina, 1%), with several additional spe ...
... measured the height of all woody saplings .1 year old. Species included box elder (69% of individuals), silver maple (12%), red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea, 7%), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, 5%), red maple (Acer rubrum, 4%), and black cherry (Prunus serotina, 1%), with several additional spe ...
Other Contributions - Mesoamerican Herpetology
... Neotropical harlequin toads of the genus Atelopus are among the most threatened anurans on the planet. A substantial amount of research has been conducted to raise awareness about declining populations of amphibians worldwide, and members of this genus have become flagship species for conservation i ...
... Neotropical harlequin toads of the genus Atelopus are among the most threatened anurans on the planet. A substantial amount of research has been conducted to raise awareness about declining populations of amphibians worldwide, and members of this genus have become flagship species for conservation i ...
Ficus rubiginosa
Ficus rubiginosa, the rusty fig, Port Jackson fig, or little-leaf fig (damun in the Sydney language) is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae that is native to eastern Australia. It is a banyan of the genus Ficus which contains around 750 species worldwide in warm climates, including the common fig (Ficus carica). Ficus rubiginosa can grow to 30 m (100 ft) high and nearly as wide with a buttressed trunk, and glossy green leaves.