Selection On Gall Size And Placement
... The answer must be that selection is often stabilizing; this means some intermediate phenotype has highest fitness. Stabilizing selection will PREVENT evolutionary change. Stabilizing selection has been observe in nature when two or more competing challenges must be met by organisms. This is the ide ...
... The answer must be that selection is often stabilizing; this means some intermediate phenotype has highest fitness. Stabilizing selection will PREVENT evolutionary change. Stabilizing selection has been observe in nature when two or more competing challenges must be met by organisms. This is the ide ...
COSTELLO, J. H., AND S. P. COLIN Prey resource utilization by
... Predator and prey collection—Medusae were collected by hand-dipping medusae from waters adjoining the floating docks at Friday Harbor Laboratories on 5 June and 9 July 1992 and 2 July 1993. Medusae were immediately preserved in a 5.0% formalin solution after collection. All species were collected du ...
... Predator and prey collection—Medusae were collected by hand-dipping medusae from waters adjoining the floating docks at Friday Harbor Laboratories on 5 June and 9 July 1992 and 2 July 1993. Medusae were immediately preserved in a 5.0% formalin solution after collection. All species were collected du ...
Competitive strategies of soft corals (Coelenterata
... In this experimental study of competitive interactions between alcyonaceans, initial effects on the colonies somewhat paralleled effects previously observed between alcyonaceans a n d scleractinians (Sammarco et al. 1983).Tissue destruction and local mortality were all observed as a result of contac ...
... In this experimental study of competitive interactions between alcyonaceans, initial effects on the colonies somewhat paralleled effects previously observed between alcyonaceans a n d scleractinians (Sammarco et al. 1983).Tissue destruction and local mortality were all observed as a result of contac ...
CHANGES IN TURBULENT MIXING SHIFT COMPETITION FOR
... cells, and by turbulent mixing of the cells through the water column. More precisely, let z denote the depth within the water column, where z runs from 0 at the top to a maximum depth, zm, at the bottom. Let I(z, t) denote the light intensity at depth z and time t, and let vi(z, t) denote the popula ...
... cells, and by turbulent mixing of the cells through the water column. More precisely, let z denote the depth within the water column, where z runs from 0 at the top to a maximum depth, zm, at the bottom. Let I(z, t) denote the light intensity at depth z and time t, and let vi(z, t) denote the popula ...
Ecosystems effects 25 years after Chernobyl: pollinators, fruit set
... bushes and trees to the nearest meter because larger bushes and trees are expected to have more fruit, and radiation may reduce growth of bushes and trees. For a sub-sample of 30 bushes and treesm we subsequently measured actual tree heights with a measuring tape to the nearest meter. The two estima ...
... bushes and trees to the nearest meter because larger bushes and trees are expected to have more fruit, and radiation may reduce growth of bushes and trees. For a sub-sample of 30 bushes and treesm we subsequently measured actual tree heights with a measuring tape to the nearest meter. The two estima ...
Rapid, landscape scale responses in riparian tundra
... Productive tundra plant communities composed of a variety of fast growing herbaceous and woody plants are likely to attract mammalian herbivores. Such vegetation is likely to respond to different-sized herbivores more rapidly than currently acknowledged from the tundra. Accentuated by currently chan ...
... Productive tundra plant communities composed of a variety of fast growing herbaceous and woody plants are likely to attract mammalian herbivores. Such vegetation is likely to respond to different-sized herbivores more rapidly than currently acknowledged from the tundra. Accentuated by currently chan ...
Fishing down the marine food webs in the Hellenic seas
... ratios, and decreasing population reproductive potential: e.g. Jennings et al. 1998; Stergiou, 1999) and at the ecosystem level (e.g. altering the structure and heterogeneity of benthic habitat, changing species composition and diversity, decreasing stock abundance, changing predation and competitio ...
... ratios, and decreasing population reproductive potential: e.g. Jennings et al. 1998; Stergiou, 1999) and at the ecosystem level (e.g. altering the structure and heterogeneity of benthic habitat, changing species composition and diversity, decreasing stock abundance, changing predation and competitio ...
Ecogeographical Variation in Skull Shape of South
... lower than 2 (see Donadio and Buskirk 2006). They do not overlap in dietary adaptation due to the fact that C. thous presents an omnivorous diet while S. venaticus is a specialized meat eater. For habitat preference, C. thous prefers open grassland areas (Berta 1982) and S. venaticus is primarily a ...
... lower than 2 (see Donadio and Buskirk 2006). They do not overlap in dietary adaptation due to the fact that C. thous presents an omnivorous diet while S. venaticus is a specialized meat eater. For habitat preference, C. thous prefers open grassland areas (Berta 1982) and S. venaticus is primarily a ...
Conservation strategies for remnant turtle populations: the
... KUCHLING 1994). This was the rationale for fox control and for enclosing the reserves with fox-proof fences. ...
... KUCHLING 1994). This was the rationale for fox control and for enclosing the reserves with fox-proof fences. ...
Genetic Diversity
... becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” – A threatened species is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future. ...
... becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” – A threatened species is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future. ...
Life-history trade-off in two predator species sharing the same prey
... Cassava (CMC40 variety) was shipped from Colombia (CIAT) and grown in a greenhouse at 25°C, 70% RH and 16L/8D photoperiod. Plants were planted as stakes (ca 20 cm) in 20 ×20×20 cm plastic pots, with soil and a 28N, 14K, 14P fertilizer. They were grown for a maximum of three months to keep plant size ...
... Cassava (CMC40 variety) was shipped from Colombia (CIAT) and grown in a greenhouse at 25°C, 70% RH and 16L/8D photoperiod. Plants were planted as stakes (ca 20 cm) in 20 ×20×20 cm plastic pots, with soil and a 28N, 14K, 14P fertilizer. They were grown for a maximum of three months to keep plant size ...
Environmental filtering of crustacean zooplankton
... upland areas. Localized relief can be as much as 90 m but is generally ,60 m. The elevation of the study lakes ranges from 210to 554 m a.s.l. In respect to vegetation, Jackpine (Pinus banksiana)/lichen forest with variable canopy closure predominates on well-drained sand plains and till ridges throu ...
... upland areas. Localized relief can be as much as 90 m but is generally ,60 m. The elevation of the study lakes ranges from 210to 554 m a.s.l. In respect to vegetation, Jackpine (Pinus banksiana)/lichen forest with variable canopy closure predominates on well-drained sand plains and till ridges throu ...
Wilson et al. constrained lability in Penstemon and
... fewer than half the species were studied, and again the phylogeny was based on morphological characters (Armbruster, 1993). Later molecular-based studies still detected only limited convergence (Armbruster & Baldwin, 1998). In Erythrina, Bruneau (1997) showed how hummingbird pollination arose four t ...
... fewer than half the species were studied, and again the phylogeny was based on morphological characters (Armbruster, 1993). Later molecular-based studies still detected only limited convergence (Armbruster & Baldwin, 1998). In Erythrina, Bruneau (1997) showed how hummingbird pollination arose four t ...
Guide to Common Tidal Marsh Invertebrates
... with these diverse and unspecific feeding habits are called omnivores. Detritivores could be classified as a specialized type of omnivore since they ingest algae and animal matter associated with detritus. Second, the feeding habits for many salt marsh species vary greatly with the seasons or other ...
... with these diverse and unspecific feeding habits are called omnivores. Detritivores could be classified as a specialized type of omnivore since they ingest algae and animal matter associated with detritus. Second, the feeding habits for many salt marsh species vary greatly with the seasons or other ...
Intertidal Community Structure: Space
... analysis of variance, using both univariateand multivariateprocedures(SAS 1982). MultivariateP values are consideredto be morereliablethanthosegenerated fromunivariate repeated-measuresmodels (Tabachnick and Fiddell 1983), but the univariateresultswere needed for the estimation of variance component ...
... analysis of variance, using both univariateand multivariateprocedures(SAS 1982). MultivariateP values are consideredto be morereliablethanthosegenerated fromunivariate repeated-measuresmodels (Tabachnick and Fiddell 1983), but the univariateresultswere needed for the estimation of variance component ...
Ecological non-monotonicity and its effects on complexity and
... their behavior between cooperation and defection (Fig. 2b) (Hilbe et al., 2013). In repeated trials, the tit-for-tat strategy in which one starts by cooperating and then mimics the other player’s performances is shown to be a good strategy (Boyd, 1989). The kind of adaptive behavior can result in no ...
... their behavior between cooperation and defection (Fig. 2b) (Hilbe et al., 2013). In repeated trials, the tit-for-tat strategy in which one starts by cooperating and then mimics the other player’s performances is shown to be a good strategy (Boyd, 1989). The kind of adaptive behavior can result in no ...
Tesis Maestria en Ciencias de Marcos A. Caraballo Ortiz
... 1991, Kunin 1993). This can be especially critical for rare and endangered species (Demauro 1993, Kunin 1993, Byers 1995). Still, there are relatively few studies conducted in the tropics that provide in-depth analyses of the effects of distances between trees, seed set, seed viability, and pollinat ...
... 1991, Kunin 1993). This can be especially critical for rare and endangered species (Demauro 1993, Kunin 1993, Byers 1995). Still, there are relatively few studies conducted in the tropics that provide in-depth analyses of the effects of distances between trees, seed set, seed viability, and pollinat ...
Nordic Society Oikos
... 1983, Sih et al. 1985, Hairston 1989, Goldberg and autumn of their first year (Bailey 1952, Ludwig and Barton 1992). Norden 1969).All sizes of C. bairdifeed primarilyon Assemblages of predatory benthic fish are an impor- immaturebenthic insects, but take other arthropods, tant component of many stre ...
... 1983, Sih et al. 1985, Hairston 1989, Goldberg and autumn of their first year (Bailey 1952, Ludwig and Barton 1992). Norden 1969).All sizes of C. bairdifeed primarilyon Assemblages of predatory benthic fish are an impor- immaturebenthic insects, but take other arthropods, tant component of many stre ...
- Wiley Online Library
... myoepithelial cells (Fig. 3c) and communicate with the skin surface through epithelial ducts (Figs 2a,g and 3b,d). The mucous glands are spherical and acinar, and are formed by a single layer of secretory cells with basal nuclei and an evident lumen; two distinct types are recognized according to th ...
... myoepithelial cells (Fig. 3c) and communicate with the skin surface through epithelial ducts (Figs 2a,g and 3b,d). The mucous glands are spherical and acinar, and are formed by a single layer of secretory cells with basal nuclei and an evident lumen; two distinct types are recognized according to th ...
Trait differences between grass species along a climatic
... could reflect the existence of trends in traits specialization and provide indirect evidence on the variation of ecosystem level processes. For example, differences between plants related to leaf size, area, and height along an environmental gradient suggest an increase of light competition. Similar ...
... could reflect the existence of trends in traits specialization and provide indirect evidence on the variation of ecosystem level processes. For example, differences between plants related to leaf size, area, and height along an environmental gradient suggest an increase of light competition. Similar ...
Title Regeneration Processes and Coexistence Mechanisms of Two
... In the first category, many mechanisms maintaining tree species richness have been proposed. I do not review all of them here, but will mention some examples. Ashton (e.g. 1964, 1969, 1976) reponed that species-specific requirements for soil properties are related to tree richness. Connell (1971, 19 ...
... In the first category, many mechanisms maintaining tree species richness have been proposed. I do not review all of them here, but will mention some examples. Ashton (e.g. 1964, 1969, 1976) reponed that species-specific requirements for soil properties are related to tree richness. Connell (1971, 19 ...
High selfing capability and low pollinator visitation in the
... 2005). Specialized pollination systems in epiphytes may enhance pollen flow between conspecific plants but the additional presence of mechanisms that promote autogamy may compensate for the reduced capacity of epiphytes to attract pollinators as a consequence of their highly aggregated spatial distr ...
... 2005). Specialized pollination systems in epiphytes may enhance pollen flow between conspecific plants but the additional presence of mechanisms that promote autogamy may compensate for the reduced capacity of epiphytes to attract pollinators as a consequence of their highly aggregated spatial distr ...
Experimental evidence for indirect facilitation among invasive plants
... Alliaria is a C3 biennial herb from Europe that is invasive in forest understories throughout the eastern US (Rodgers, Stinson & Finzi 2008). Alliaria invasions can suppress spring ephemeral flora and tree seedlings, likely not only through direct interactions, but also indirectly through suppression ...
... Alliaria is a C3 biennial herb from Europe that is invasive in forest understories throughout the eastern US (Rodgers, Stinson & Finzi 2008). Alliaria invasions can suppress spring ephemeral flora and tree seedlings, likely not only through direct interactions, but also indirectly through suppression ...
Facultative mutualism between an herbivorous crab and a coralline
... water for transport to the lab, sorting and holding the algae in flow-through seawater tanks upon arrival (within 0.5 h of collecWe tested whether Mithrax prevents seaweed overgrowth of Neo- tion), and beginning all assays within 6 h of collection. goniofithon by removing crabs from some algal clust ...
... water for transport to the lab, sorting and holding the algae in flow-through seawater tanks upon arrival (within 0.5 h of collecWe tested whether Mithrax prevents seaweed overgrowth of Neo- tion), and beginning all assays within 6 h of collection. goniofithon by removing crabs from some algal clust ...
Landscape elements as potential barriers and corridors for bees
... analyzed only for sites with a number of host brood cells >0 and not analysed for the functional wasp groups separately, since the number of parasitism events was too low. We also tested whether parasitoid species richness and parasitism rate depended on host species richness and included the isolat ...
... analyzed only for sites with a number of host brood cells >0 and not analysed for the functional wasp groups separately, since the number of parasitism events was too low. We also tested whether parasitoid species richness and parasitism rate depended on host species richness and included the isolat ...
Ficus rubiginosa
Ficus rubiginosa, the rusty fig, Port Jackson fig, or little-leaf fig (damun in the Sydney language) is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae that is native to eastern Australia. It is a banyan of the genus Ficus which contains around 750 species worldwide in warm climates, including the common fig (Ficus carica). Ficus rubiginosa can grow to 30 m (100 ft) high and nearly as wide with a buttressed trunk, and glossy green leaves.