Nutrient enrichment homogenizes lake benthic assemblages at local and regional scales I D
... chlorophyll a), after effects of lake morphology (i.e., surface area, connectivity, and depth of sampling) and alkalinity were accounted for. At regional scales, we found that nutrient-rich lakes had significantly more homogenous benthic assemblages than nutrient-poor lakes, over and above the effect ...
... chlorophyll a), after effects of lake morphology (i.e., surface area, connectivity, and depth of sampling) and alkalinity were accounted for. At regional scales, we found that nutrient-rich lakes had significantly more homogenous benthic assemblages than nutrient-poor lakes, over and above the effect ...
Path-integral calculation for the emergence of rapid evolution from
... phase separation in binary alloys [24]. In short, collective and stochastic many-body phenomena are ubiquitous in biology and perhaps nowhere more so than in ecology. The classical literature on predator-prey systems [25] assumes that evolution occurs on such long time scales that it can be neglecte ...
... phase separation in binary alloys [24]. In short, collective and stochastic many-body phenomena are ubiquitous in biology and perhaps nowhere more so than in ecology. The classical literature on predator-prey systems [25] assumes that evolution occurs on such long time scales that it can be neglecte ...
Habitat related differences in the survivorship and
... were used within each combination of presence and absence of conspecific adults. Those cages without adults contained 8 juvenile Evechinus chloroticus alone and the 3 cages with adults contained 5 juveniles plus 3 adults. These densities were chosen as high, though realistic, densities for the speci ...
... were used within each combination of presence and absence of conspecific adults. Those cages without adults contained 8 juvenile Evechinus chloroticus alone and the 3 cages with adults contained 5 juveniles plus 3 adults. These densities were chosen as high, though realistic, densities for the speci ...
Lecture 2 Wilderness typology and characterisation
... Semi-natural areas, which appear natural but are in fact influenced by management for agriculture or forestry. Near-natural areas, where the land is totally divorced from agricultural or forestry use – in which natural processes are encouraged to maintain the diversity of habitats, and vegetation is ...
... Semi-natural areas, which appear natural but are in fact influenced by management for agriculture or forestry. Near-natural areas, where the land is totally divorced from agricultural or forestry use – in which natural processes are encouraged to maintain the diversity of habitats, and vegetation is ...
Ecology and Evolution of Adaptive Morphological Variation in Fish
... abundance and size structure of prey populations, predation has commonly selected for ecological, behavioral and morphological traits in prey (Lima and Dill 1990, Harvell1990). Various morphological structures in prey organisms’ function as efficient adaptations against predation, and these morpholo ...
... abundance and size structure of prey populations, predation has commonly selected for ecological, behavioral and morphological traits in prey (Lima and Dill 1990, Harvell1990). Various morphological structures in prey organisms’ function as efficient adaptations against predation, and these morpholo ...
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
... have been a focus of ecological investigation not only to better understand those particular species and ecosystems, but also to gain insights into broader ecological principles. Indeed, such fundamental ecological concepts as open populations, recruitment limitation, lottery models, and the mechani ...
... have been a focus of ecological investigation not only to better understand those particular species and ecosystems, but also to gain insights into broader ecological principles. Indeed, such fundamental ecological concepts as open populations, recruitment limitation, lottery models, and the mechani ...
Ecological morphospace of New World ants
... 1978; Bernstein, 1979; Morton & Davidson, 1988; Kaspari, 1993; Byrne, 1994; Johnson, 2000). However, many morphological features that likely affect ecological performance – such as head width and leg length – covary allometrically both within species (Feener et al., 1988; Diniz-Filho et al., 1994), ...
... 1978; Bernstein, 1979; Morton & Davidson, 1988; Kaspari, 1993; Byrne, 1994; Johnson, 2000). However, many morphological features that likely affect ecological performance – such as head width and leg length – covary allometrically both within species (Feener et al., 1988; Diniz-Filho et al., 1994), ...
The ecology of restoration: historical links, emerging issues and
... Andel 2005). There emerge two kinds of questions about the links between conceptual ecology and ecological restoration. First, what set of ecological principles and concepts serve as an essential basis for effective restoration? Second, are there conceptual areas of ecology unique to, or at least un ...
... Andel 2005). There emerge two kinds of questions about the links between conceptual ecology and ecological restoration. First, what set of ecological principles and concepts serve as an essential basis for effective restoration? Second, are there conceptual areas of ecology unique to, or at least un ...
Today we are going to discuss a very important topic namely
... resources. A more even sharing of resources within the community can reduce these pressures on the natural ecosystems. Fine, now we will have to study about the structure and the functions of the ecosystem in order to utilize these particular resources. Now how should we study the structure and func ...
... resources. A more even sharing of resources within the community can reduce these pressures on the natural ecosystems. Fine, now we will have to study about the structure and the functions of the ecosystem in order to utilize these particular resources. Now how should we study the structure and func ...
Collection of Bait Organisms in Estuaries
... time the estuary was sampled. Recruitment only occurred when the mouth was open to the sea. In Figure 9.3A for example, the smallest cohorts (16-18 mm carapace length) sampled in January of 1992 were about 17-21 months old, indicating that recruitment last occurred in April 1990, shortly before the ...
... time the estuary was sampled. Recruitment only occurred when the mouth was open to the sea. In Figure 9.3A for example, the smallest cohorts (16-18 mm carapace length) sampled in January of 1992 were about 17-21 months old, indicating that recruitment last occurred in April 1990, shortly before the ...
Appendix 1
... 64. Funk J.L. & Throop H.L. (2010). Enemy release and plant invasion: patterns of defensive traits and leaf damage in Hawaii. Oecologia, 162, 815-823. 65. Furlan C.M., Salatino A. & Domingos M. (2004). Influence of air pollution on leaf chemistry, herbivore feeding and gall frequency on Tibouchina p ...
... 64. Funk J.L. & Throop H.L. (2010). Enemy release and plant invasion: patterns of defensive traits and leaf damage in Hawaii. Oecologia, 162, 815-823. 65. Furlan C.M., Salatino A. & Domingos M. (2004). Influence of air pollution on leaf chemistry, herbivore feeding and gall frequency on Tibouchina p ...
experimental ecology of food webs: complex systems in temporary
... HENRY M. WILBUR Mountain Lake Biological Station and Department of Biology–Gilmer Hall, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-2477 USA ...
... HENRY M. WILBUR Mountain Lake Biological Station and Department of Biology–Gilmer Hall, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-2477 USA ...
Environmental Biology ~ Allan M. Jones ~ 2001
... The last few years have witnessed tremendous changes in the syllabi of environmentallyrelated courses at Advanced Level and in tertiary education. Moreover, there have been major alterations in the way degree and diploma courses are organised in colleges and universities. Syllabus changes reflect th ...
... The last few years have witnessed tremendous changes in the syllabi of environmentallyrelated courses at Advanced Level and in tertiary education. Moreover, there have been major alterations in the way degree and diploma courses are organised in colleges and universities. Syllabus changes reflect th ...
2009 Ripples continental shelf
... effects include interactions among individuals or species (Menge et al., 1985; Fairweather, 1988). It is well known that the scale of sampling, relative to the distributional pattern of organisms, can influence both the precision and interpretation of data (Thrush et al., 1994). Studies of population ...
... effects include interactions among individuals or species (Menge et al., 1985; Fairweather, 1988). It is well known that the scale of sampling, relative to the distributional pattern of organisms, can influence both the precision and interpretation of data (Thrush et al., 1994). Studies of population ...
Peckarsky et al. (2008) - Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory
... important than consumption to predator–prey population and community dynamics (Abrams 1990, Anholt and Werner 1995), often having associated indirect effects on other organisms in the community (e.g., Werner and Peacor 2003) and on ecosystem properties and functions (Schmitz et al. 2008). Notably, N ...
... important than consumption to predator–prey population and community dynamics (Abrams 1990, Anholt and Werner 1995), often having associated indirect effects on other organisms in the community (e.g., Werner and Peacor 2003) and on ecosystem properties and functions (Schmitz et al. 2008). Notably, N ...
14.1 Habitat And Niche
... Resource availability gives structure to a community. • Species can share habitats and resources. • Competition occurs when two species use resources in the same way. • Competitive exclusion keeps two species from occupying the same niche. ...
... Resource availability gives structure to a community. • Species can share habitats and resources. • Competition occurs when two species use resources in the same way. • Competitive exclusion keeps two species from occupying the same niche. ...
Environmental and spatial drivers of taxonomic, functional
... aspects of communities (Tscharntke et al., 2012). Because fragmentation per se is a mesoscale phenomenon when associated with human land-conversion (i.e., scales between local and regional), processes that operate at mesoscales (e.g., environmental heterogeneity, landscape connectivity, dispersal li ...
... aspects of communities (Tscharntke et al., 2012). Because fragmentation per se is a mesoscale phenomenon when associated with human land-conversion (i.e., scales between local and regional), processes that operate at mesoscales (e.g., environmental heterogeneity, landscape connectivity, dispersal li ...
file
... Under the now-discredited theory of blending inheritance, the hereditary material was conceived as a fluid that combines the traits from two individuals into phenotypically intermediate offspring. Given observed patterns of resemblance between parents and offspring, blending inheritance may seem int ...
... Under the now-discredited theory of blending inheritance, the hereditary material was conceived as a fluid that combines the traits from two individuals into phenotypically intermediate offspring. Given observed patterns of resemblance between parents and offspring, blending inheritance may seem int ...
Journal of Animal Ecology 82(6) - Seagrass Ecosystems Research
... systems suggest that roving predators can impact prey behaviour in heterogeneous landscapes where prey can predictably modify their probabilities of encounter with and/ or escape from predators (Heithaus et al. 2009; Wirsing, Cameron & Heithaus 2010). Whether these prey spatial responses to roving p ...
... systems suggest that roving predators can impact prey behaviour in heterogeneous landscapes where prey can predictably modify their probabilities of encounter with and/ or escape from predators (Heithaus et al. 2009; Wirsing, Cameron & Heithaus 2010). Whether these prey spatial responses to roving p ...
Estimation of Stapedius-Muscle Activation using Ear Canal Absorbance Measurements Ghazaleh Ghaffari
... frequency domain (top row), its representation in one-third octave intervals (bottom row) correspond to 1.1cm calibration tube. ……………………………………………………………………………….22 Fig. 16. Top row, from left to right: probe stimulus contains a train of 10 chirps in time domain, spectrogram of the stimulus, probe stim ...
... frequency domain (top row), its representation in one-third octave intervals (bottom row) correspond to 1.1cm calibration tube. ……………………………………………………………………………….22 Fig. 16. Top row, from left to right: probe stimulus contains a train of 10 chirps in time domain, spectrogram of the stimulus, probe stim ...
environmental impacts from snowmobile use
... death rates for aquatic insects and amphibians (Charette et. al.,1990). The impact of the spring release of pollutants may have far-reaching consequences for surrounding watersheds. Acidity fluctuations can disable a watershed's ability to regulate its own pH level, which could trigger system-wide p ...
... death rates for aquatic insects and amphibians (Charette et. al.,1990). The impact of the spring release of pollutants may have far-reaching consequences for surrounding watersheds. Acidity fluctuations can disable a watershed's ability to regulate its own pH level, which could trigger system-wide p ...
Effects of disturbance and habitat loss on papyrus
... Circle’’ (McGarigal, 2004), which measures how circular habitat patches are, was used instead of edge to area ratio to indicate relative proportions of edge habitat. The edge to area ratio of swamps was highly correlated with area, so it is not suitable to use at the same time as area in regression ...
... Circle’’ (McGarigal, 2004), which measures how circular habitat patches are, was used instead of edge to area ratio to indicate relative proportions of edge habitat. The edge to area ratio of swamps was highly correlated with area, so it is not suitable to use at the same time as area in regression ...
Head Shadow, Squelch, and Summation Effects in
... noise conditions. The speech signal was always presented from the front (0° azimuth). The noise signal was presented from either the front (S0N0), from the left (⫺90° azimuth, S0N-90), or from the right (90° azimuth, S0N90). For each noise condition, three different listening conditions were tested: ...
... noise conditions. The speech signal was always presented from the front (0° azimuth). The noise signal was presented from either the front (S0N0), from the left (⫺90° azimuth, S0N-90), or from the right (90° azimuth, S0N90). For each noise condition, three different listening conditions were tested: ...
Acoustic profiling of the landscape
... surveys for determining local diversity patterns across natural gradients and to assess the value of the technique for assessing the impact human influence across landscapes. In tropical rainforests, an entire acoustic guild was investigated to determine how acoustic species partition their acoustic ...
... surveys for determining local diversity patterns across natural gradients and to assess the value of the technique for assessing the impact human influence across landscapes. In tropical rainforests, an entire acoustic guild was investigated to determine how acoustic species partition their acoustic ...
The Ecology of Invasions and The Invasions of Ecology
... from the initial condition and the internal dynamic.”xvii Open technological systems, on the other hand, are unable to account for external factors, and are therefore vulnerable to the influences of those “environmental systems” that cannot be adequately dealt with by any available technological ca ...
... from the initial condition and the internal dynamic.”xvii Open technological systems, on the other hand, are unable to account for external factors, and are therefore vulnerable to the influences of those “environmental systems” that cannot be adequately dealt with by any available technological ca ...
Soundscape ecology
Soundscape ecology is the study of sound within a landscape and its effect on organisms. Sounds may be generated by organisms (biophony), by the physical environment (geophony), or by humans (anthrophony). Soundscape ecologists seek to understand how these different sound sources interact across spatial scales and through time. Variation in soundscapes may have wide-ranging ecological effects as organisms often obtain information from environmental sounds. Soundscape ecologists use recording devices, audio tools, and elements of traditional ecological analyses to study soundscape structure. Increasingly, anthrophony, sometimes referred to in older, more archaic terminology as anthropogenic noise dominates soundscapes, and this type of noise pollution or disturbance has a negative impact on a wide range of organisms. The preservation of natural soundscapes is now a recognized conservation goal.