Role of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in the sound localization
... Experiments were performed on three adult male cats with an extensive history of psychophysical testing. These subjects' orientation responses to bursts of broadband noise were described by May and Huang (1996, see Fig. 1C); their responses to mid-frequency localization cues were reported by Huang a ...
... Experiments were performed on three adult male cats with an extensive history of psychophysical testing. These subjects' orientation responses to bursts of broadband noise were described by May and Huang (1996, see Fig. 1C); their responses to mid-frequency localization cues were reported by Huang a ...
Habitat and habitat selection: theory, tests, and implications.
... are used by landscape ecologists to predict abundance and distribution in heterogeneous environments. But few models of spatial dynamics successfully merge density-dependent habitat selection with landscape pattern and dynamics. Habitat stands front and center in wildlife management and conservation ...
... are used by landscape ecologists to predict abundance and distribution in heterogeneous environments. But few models of spatial dynamics successfully merge density-dependent habitat selection with landscape pattern and dynamics. Habitat stands front and center in wildlife management and conservation ...
The spatial and temporal components of functional connectivity in
... Abstract Connectivity is key for understanding how ecological systems respond to the challenges of land-use change and habitat fragmentation. Structural and functional connectivity are both established concepts in ecology, but the temporal component of connectivity deserves more attention. Whereas f ...
... Abstract Connectivity is key for understanding how ecological systems respond to the challenges of land-use change and habitat fragmentation. Structural and functional connectivity are both established concepts in ecology, but the temporal component of connectivity deserves more attention. Whereas f ...
Predatory blue crabs induce stronger nonconsumptive
... than even the greatest forces needed to crush oysters in this study, changes of the magnitude seen here are likely to be biologically relevant for smaller crabs which are likely to target this size class of oysters. Further, blue crabs are known to practice size-selective foraging (Ebersole & Kenned ...
... than even the greatest forces needed to crush oysters in this study, changes of the magnitude seen here are likely to be biologically relevant for smaller crabs which are likely to target this size class of oysters. Further, blue crabs are known to practice size-selective foraging (Ebersole & Kenned ...
Keys used during Test - ee.iitb
... level of these stimuli to which consistent responses are obtained is taken as the “threshold of hearing”. Depending on this threshold, the patient’s hearing sensitivity can be estimated and best-suited medical treatment or hearing aid or other assistive devices can be prescribed. This microcontrolle ...
... level of these stimuli to which consistent responses are obtained is taken as the “threshold of hearing”. Depending on this threshold, the patient’s hearing sensitivity can be estimated and best-suited medical treatment or hearing aid or other assistive devices can be prescribed. This microcontrolle ...
MULTIPLE CONTROLS OF COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND
... Abstract. The structure and dynamics of ecological communities can be determined by both top-down (e.g., predation) and bottom-up (e.g., energy inputs) processes, which can act synergistically and across spatial and temporal scales. Here we aimed at understanding the role of multiple controls in a M ...
... Abstract. The structure and dynamics of ecological communities can be determined by both top-down (e.g., predation) and bottom-up (e.g., energy inputs) processes, which can act synergistically and across spatial and temporal scales. Here we aimed at understanding the role of multiple controls in a M ...
10 Walking sticks: natural selection for cryptic coloration on different
... Moreover, that pattern matches our biological understanding because birds (the main predator) forage visually and the striped form appears to be more cryptic on Adenostoma than on Ceanothus. When Sandoval placed known numbers of striped and unstriped Timema on the two host plants, she found that the ...
... Moreover, that pattern matches our biological understanding because birds (the main predator) forage visually and the striped form appears to be more cryptic on Adenostoma than on Ceanothus. When Sandoval placed known numbers of striped and unstriped Timema on the two host plants, she found that the ...
toward a metabolic theory of ecology
... the proportions of elements in chemical reactions. In broader applications, such as to ecology, stoichiometry refers to the quantities, proportions, or ratios of elements in different entities, such as organisms or their environments (e.g., Reiners 1986, Elser et al. 1996, 2000a, Sterner and Elser 2 ...
... the proportions of elements in chemical reactions. In broader applications, such as to ecology, stoichiometry refers to the quantities, proportions, or ratios of elements in different entities, such as organisms or their environments (e.g., Reiners 1986, Elser et al. 1996, 2000a, Sterner and Elser 2 ...
Terrestrial Habitat, Ecosystem and Plants Technical Report
... substantial differences in the rates or frequencies of change in the key ecosystem drivers. Ecosystem diversity: The number of different ecosystem types and the distribution of area amongst them, at various ecosystem levels. Ecosystem function: The outcomes of ecosystem patterns and processes viewed ...
... substantial differences in the rates or frequencies of change in the key ecosystem drivers. Ecosystem diversity: The number of different ecosystem types and the distribution of area amongst them, at various ecosystem levels. Ecosystem function: The outcomes of ecosystem patterns and processes viewed ...
HS-SCI-CP -- Chapter 12- Sound
... wave increases, the pitch rises. The frequency of a wave is an objective quantity that can be measured, while pitch refers to how different frequencies are perceived by the human ear. Pitch depends not only on frequency but also on other factors, such as background noise and loudness. ...
... wave increases, the pitch rises. The frequency of a wave is an objective quantity that can be measured, while pitch refers to how different frequencies are perceived by the human ear. Pitch depends not only on frequency but also on other factors, such as background noise and loudness. ...
Bird in Hot Water: Responses by Marbled
... temperature. Specifically, the mean frequency of occupied detections, a measure of near-nest flight behaviours, was strongly negatively correlated with nearshore ocean temperature. Surveys in the Ursus Valley, Clayoquot Sound, over 4 years showed a similar, but not significant, trend. Although the l ...
... temperature. Specifically, the mean frequency of occupied detections, a measure of near-nest flight behaviours, was strongly negatively correlated with nearshore ocean temperature. Surveys in the Ursus Valley, Clayoquot Sound, over 4 years showed a similar, but not significant, trend. Although the l ...
A Survey and Overview of Habitat Fragmentation Experiments
... terrestrial habitat fragmentation and to determine whether consistent themes were emerging from these studies. Our survey revealed 20 fragmentation experiments worldwide. Most studies focused on effects of fragmentation on species richness or on the abundance(s) of particular species. Other importan ...
... terrestrial habitat fragmentation and to determine whether consistent themes were emerging from these studies. Our survey revealed 20 fragmentation experiments worldwide. Most studies focused on effects of fragmentation on species richness or on the abundance(s) of particular species. Other importan ...
spatial selection and inheritance
... Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, New York 12545 USA ...
... Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, New York 12545 USA ...
An experimental study on risk effects in a dwarf
... many cryptic (but not necessarily territorial) prey reduce their dispersion and amount of movement under heightened risk (Preisser et al. 2005). Accordingly, the fidelity hypothesis predicts that when risk increases, dik-diks should be less dispersive, travel shorter distances overall, and increase ...
... many cryptic (but not necessarily territorial) prey reduce their dispersion and amount of movement under heightened risk (Preisser et al. 2005). Accordingly, the fidelity hypothesis predicts that when risk increases, dik-diks should be less dispersive, travel shorter distances overall, and increase ...
Socioecological adaptations by chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus
... MacDonald 2003; Sol 2003; Sol et al. 2005). However, data on flexibility of animals’ grouping dynamics in anthropogenic habitats are scarce. Wilson et al. (2007) compared the behaviour of chimpanzees (Kibale, Uganda) in what they described as two potentially dangerous situations: adult males conducti ...
... MacDonald 2003; Sol 2003; Sol et al. 2005). However, data on flexibility of animals’ grouping dynamics in anthropogenic habitats are scarce. Wilson et al. (2007) compared the behaviour of chimpanzees (Kibale, Uganda) in what they described as two potentially dangerous situations: adult males conducti ...
stochastic processes across scales Disentangling the importance of
... [34], coexistence and biodiversity theory (e.g. [31]), island biogeography theory [29,30] and large-scale studies across biogeographic gradients (i.e. temperate versus tropical communities; [35]). Importantly, each of these fields focuses on different spatial scales, ranging from variation among ind ...
... [34], coexistence and biodiversity theory (e.g. [31]), island biogeography theory [29,30] and large-scale studies across biogeographic gradients (i.e. temperate versus tropical communities; [35]). Importantly, each of these fields focuses on different spatial scales, ranging from variation among ind ...
International Capital vs. Local Population: The Environmental Conflict
... Pollution from mining can be controlled by technology. However, the total amount of effluents can be reduced only if material removal diminishes. Instead, most of the time, water or air pollution is reduced by “storing” pollutants in special places. When natural environmental variations or human er ...
... Pollution from mining can be controlled by technology. However, the total amount of effluents can be reduced only if material removal diminishes. Instead, most of the time, water or air pollution is reduced by “storing” pollutants in special places. When natural environmental variations or human er ...
Disentangling the importance of ecological niches from stochastic
... [34], coexistence and biodiversity theory (e.g. [31]), island biogeography theory [29,30] and large-scale studies across biogeographic gradients (i.e. temperate versus tropical communities; [35]). Importantly, each of these fields focuses on different spatial scales, ranging from variation among ind ...
... [34], coexistence and biodiversity theory (e.g. [31]), island biogeography theory [29,30] and large-scale studies across biogeographic gradients (i.e. temperate versus tropical communities; [35]). Importantly, each of these fields focuses on different spatial scales, ranging from variation among ind ...
Optimizing swept-tone protocols for recording distortion
... Parametric study of optimal sweep rates and analysiswindow durations for recording DPOAEs over a broad frequency range has not been conducted in adults and newborns. The precision of the LSF technique for estimating amplitude and phase of the total DPOAE (both components together) depends on selecti ...
... Parametric study of optimal sweep rates and analysiswindow durations for recording DPOAEs over a broad frequency range has not been conducted in adults and newborns. The precision of the LSF technique for estimating amplitude and phase of the total DPOAE (both components together) depends on selecti ...
Estimating the Audiogram Using Multiple Auditory Steady
... term mff 1(2ffm) represents the modulation index for FM (usually denoted by (3). The final divisor M is used to maintain a constant root-meansquare amplitude across the different amounts of AM (Viemeister, 1979). In all of the experiments in this study, the auditory stimuli were MM, with an AM depth ...
... term mff 1(2ffm) represents the modulation index for FM (usually denoted by (3). The final divisor M is used to maintain a constant root-meansquare amplitude across the different amounts of AM (Viemeister, 1979). In all of the experiments in this study, the auditory stimuli were MM, with an AM depth ...
Seasonal dietary differences of the Yellow
... Yellow-footed Gull differed between reproductive (April and July) and non-reproductive (December). The frequency of occurrence of food items in gull’s pellets and food niche breadth (FNB) and Levin’s diversity (Best ) indexes for each sampling period (April, July, and December), as well as Pianka’s ...
... Yellow-footed Gull differed between reproductive (April and July) and non-reproductive (December). The frequency of occurrence of food items in gull’s pellets and food niche breadth (FNB) and Levin’s diversity (Best ) indexes for each sampling period (April, July, and December), as well as Pianka’s ...
Kelp Beds: Importance and Dynamics By
... point of life in parts of the ocean. • Without it, the ecosystem could not support the large diversity of animals that live in it because the food chain is broken. ...
... point of life in parts of the ocean. • Without it, the ecosystem could not support the large diversity of animals that live in it because the food chain is broken. ...
The impact of early reflections on binaural cues
... earlier and with a higher level than the other ear. These interaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural level differences (ILDs) are produced by sound propagation and diffraction of sounds by the head, pinnae, and body. They vary systematically with the location of the sound source. The relation ...
... earlier and with a higher level than the other ear. These interaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural level differences (ILDs) are produced by sound propagation and diffraction of sounds by the head, pinnae, and body. They vary systematically with the location of the sound source. The relation ...
Approximating Nature`s Variation: Selecting and Using Reference
... so on would also show variation due to sampling artifacts, differences in environment, history, and biotic interactions among reference sites, and stochastic factors. ...
... so on would also show variation due to sampling artifacts, differences in environment, history, and biotic interactions among reference sites, and stochastic factors. ...
Soundscape ecology
Soundscape ecology is the study of sound within a landscape and its effect on organisms. Sounds may be generated by organisms (biophony), by the physical environment (geophony), or by humans (anthrophony). Soundscape ecologists seek to understand how these different sound sources interact across spatial scales and through time. Variation in soundscapes may have wide-ranging ecological effects as organisms often obtain information from environmental sounds. Soundscape ecologists use recording devices, audio tools, and elements of traditional ecological analyses to study soundscape structure. Increasingly, anthrophony, sometimes referred to in older, more archaic terminology as anthropogenic noise dominates soundscapes, and this type of noise pollution or disturbance has a negative impact on a wide range of organisms. The preservation of natural soundscapes is now a recognized conservation goal.