Blaustein et al. 2012 ecophysiology
... directly limit pathogen burden, include immunity and other processes whereby the host actively ‘fights’ infection. Tolerance strategies limit the damage caused by infectious disease. Tolerance mechanisms include processes for tissue repair [38], but in general are less well-understood than those rel ...
... directly limit pathogen burden, include immunity and other processes whereby the host actively ‘fights’ infection. Tolerance strategies limit the damage caused by infectious disease. Tolerance mechanisms include processes for tissue repair [38], but in general are less well-understood than those rel ...
The immune responses of the coral
... due in part to the increased number of diseases affecting them in recent decades. Understanding how the innate immune systems of corals function is important if we want to predict the fate of corals and their response to the environmental and biological changes they face. In this review we discuss t ...
... due in part to the increased number of diseases affecting them in recent decades. Understanding how the innate immune systems of corals function is important if we want to predict the fate of corals and their response to the environmental and biological changes they face. In this review we discuss t ...
Guldkorns småkager
... Roots are critical for the adaptation of plants to their environment and undertake roles of nutrient sensing, foraging and finally uptake. The three dimensional distribution of roots, the root system architecture (RSA), plays a key role in each of these three processes. Plants modify the RSA in a nu ...
... Roots are critical for the adaptation of plants to their environment and undertake roles of nutrient sensing, foraging and finally uptake. The three dimensional distribution of roots, the root system architecture (RSA), plays a key role in each of these three processes. Plants modify the RSA in a nu ...
a v a i l a b l e a... j o u r n a l h o m...
... - alternative antimicrobial substances are under discovery (e.g. bacteriophages, bacteriophage enzymes). - new compounds for vaccination in uncomplicated, and possibly as well as in complicated UTI are developed. Bacteria exhibit an enormous repertoire of different resistance mechanisms. Unspecific ...
... - alternative antimicrobial substances are under discovery (e.g. bacteriophages, bacteriophage enzymes). - new compounds for vaccination in uncomplicated, and possibly as well as in complicated UTI are developed. Bacteria exhibit an enormous repertoire of different resistance mechanisms. Unspecific ...
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
... in the orchard. In an orchard in Henry County, Phytophthora rot was found on Northwestern apples, Sept. 27. The extremely heavy rains of August and September are considered responsible for the outbreak of this disease and its apparent spontaneous appearance in three orchards would indicate that the ...
... in the orchard. In an orchard in Henry County, Phytophthora rot was found on Northwestern apples, Sept. 27. The extremely heavy rains of August and September are considered responsible for the outbreak of this disease and its apparent spontaneous appearance in three orchards would indicate that the ...
Photosynthetic consequences of Phomopsis helianthi on two
... activities could be exhibited by the two compounds isolated and may contribute to sunflower symptoms caused by Phomopsis helianthi. The specific mechanism underlying destruction and/or disruption of cellular constituents by phomopsis is unknown. The cultivar difference in parameter clearly showed ...
... activities could be exhibited by the two compounds isolated and may contribute to sunflower symptoms caused by Phomopsis helianthi. The specific mechanism underlying destruction and/or disruption of cellular constituents by phomopsis is unknown. The cultivar difference in parameter clearly showed ...
Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in paediatric pneumonia LETTERS
... Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in paediatric pneumonia To the Editors: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in paediatrics, and can lead to severe and long-lasting disease [1]. Macrolides are usually considered the first-ch ...
... Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in paediatric pneumonia To the Editors: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in paediatrics, and can lead to severe and long-lasting disease [1]. Macrolides are usually considered the first-ch ...
On the evolutionary ecology of specific immune defence
... neither address other functions of the immune system, such as wound healing or tumour control, nor explicitly make reference to the plant literature, which adopts yet further approaches [7] but we instead concentrate on immune action against parasites in animals. We neither intend to review the lite ...
... neither address other functions of the immune system, such as wound healing or tumour control, nor explicitly make reference to the plant literature, which adopts yet further approaches [7] but we instead concentrate on immune action against parasites in animals. We neither intend to review the lite ...
of innate immunity
... 1. The immune system has evolved to (1) Protect against the invading pathogens (or foreign substances) and to (2) Maintain tissue homeostasis (damaged cells or cancer). Meanwhile, microbes (outside) and tumors (inside) have evolved to survive in the host. 2. The immune system (in vertebrates) consis ...
... 1. The immune system has evolved to (1) Protect against the invading pathogens (or foreign substances) and to (2) Maintain tissue homeostasis (damaged cells or cancer). Meanwhile, microbes (outside) and tumors (inside) have evolved to survive in the host. 2. The immune system (in vertebrates) consis ...
Advances in Agronomy
... 2011). However, different plant species host different microbial communities (Berg and Smalla, 2009), which is mostly due to the different composition of root exudates excreted by different plants. Root exudates play an important role in signaling and developing microbial communities in different co ...
... 2011). However, different plant species host different microbial communities (Berg and Smalla, 2009), which is mostly due to the different composition of root exudates excreted by different plants. Root exudates play an important role in signaling and developing microbial communities in different co ...
Pathogen Mutation Modeled by Competition
... With the recent focus of public health policies on planning the control of the next influenza pandemic [1], more complex models have been introduced in epidemiology [2,3]. We expand one of these studies [2] where treatment of influenza, as a selection pressure, favors the emergence and spread of pat ...
... With the recent focus of public health policies on planning the control of the next influenza pandemic [1], more complex models have been introduced in epidemiology [2,3]. We expand one of these studies [2] where treatment of influenza, as a selection pressure, favors the emergence and spread of pat ...
Do all creatures possess an acquired immune system of some sort?
... from self-targeting CRISPR spacers have been reported [9]. Hence, a tight regulation of this system is needed, and indeed, the first description of CRISPR self-non-self discrimination was reported in Staphylococcus epidermidis [10]. In bacteria, horizontal gene transfer of CRISPR has also been repor ...
... from self-targeting CRISPR spacers have been reported [9]. Hence, a tight regulation of this system is needed, and indeed, the first description of CRISPR self-non-self discrimination was reported in Staphylococcus epidermidis [10]. In bacteria, horizontal gene transfer of CRISPR has also been repor ...
Septoria tritici Blotch, Stagonospora nodorum Blotch and Tan Spot
... Disease Cycle and Epidemiology P. nodorum, S. tritici, and D. tritici-repentis survive on wheat residues and volunteer wheat plants. These fungi can survive for several years in wheat stubble on the soil surface. P. nodorum infects seed and is seed borne. Studies in New York indicate that seed infec ...
... Disease Cycle and Epidemiology P. nodorum, S. tritici, and D. tritici-repentis survive on wheat residues and volunteer wheat plants. These fungi can survive for several years in wheat stubble on the soil surface. P. nodorum infects seed and is seed borne. Studies in New York indicate that seed infec ...
Immunology taught by bacteria.
... Certainly, the ensuing two decades of work in innate immunity, including the discovery of Toll-like and other innate receptors, has demonstrated how immunology can learn from microbiology. Although viruses may be great teachers, they are also pedagogically problematic in many ways. Since viruses are ...
... Certainly, the ensuing two decades of work in innate immunity, including the discovery of Toll-like and other innate receptors, has demonstrated how immunology can learn from microbiology. Although viruses may be great teachers, they are also pedagogically problematic in many ways. Since viruses are ...
Bacillus cereus immune escape: a journey
... Moran, 2007). The metalloprotease InhA1 is secreted into the extracellular medium and is also a major proteinaceous component of the spore exosporium (Charlton et al., 1999). We have previously demonstrated that InhA1 is involved in the escape of B. cereus from macrophages, as B. cereus strains dele ...
... Moran, 2007). The metalloprotease InhA1 is secreted into the extracellular medium and is also a major proteinaceous component of the spore exosporium (Charlton et al., 1999). We have previously demonstrated that InhA1 is involved in the escape of B. cereus from macrophages, as B. cereus strains dele ...
Infection Structure–Specific Expression of ß-1,3
... challenging the integrity of hyphal walls and giving rise to elicitoractive chitin and b-1,3-glucan fragments (Deller et al., 2011). Indeed, PAMPs such as b-1,4-N-acetyl glucosamine oligomers are recognized by corresponding LysM motif containing plasma membrane–localized pattern recognition receptor ...
... challenging the integrity of hyphal walls and giving rise to elicitoractive chitin and b-1,3-glucan fragments (Deller et al., 2011). Indeed, PAMPs such as b-1,4-N-acetyl glucosamine oligomers are recognized by corresponding LysM motif containing plasma membrane–localized pattern recognition receptor ...
Evolutionary insights into the origin of innate and adaptive immune
... γδTCRs, most probably because the former are constrained by MHC restriction.10 In marked contrast to the more conserved TCRs, the evolution of BCRs and immunoglobulin isotypes appear to be more labile and more plastic. The primary difference of Ig between humans and lower vertebrates like the amphib ...
... γδTCRs, most probably because the former are constrained by MHC restriction.10 In marked contrast to the more conserved TCRs, the evolution of BCRs and immunoglobulin isotypes appear to be more labile and more plastic. The primary difference of Ig between humans and lower vertebrates like the amphib ...
Medicago LYK3, an Entry Receptor in Rhizobial Nodulation Factor
... Rhizobia secrete nodulation (Nod) factors, which set in motion the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legume host plants. Nod factors induce several cellular responses in root hair cells within minutes, but also are essential for the formation of infection threads by which rhizobia enter t ...
... Rhizobia secrete nodulation (Nod) factors, which set in motion the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legume host plants. Nod factors induce several cellular responses in root hair cells within minutes, but also are essential for the formation of infection threads by which rhizobia enter t ...
Chapter_01_Haz - Welcome to people.pharmacy.purdue.edu!
... Characteristics of Innate vs Adaptive Immunity ...
... Characteristics of Innate vs Adaptive Immunity ...
Host–pathogen interactions in sepsis
... Many well-known bacterial toxins, such as cholera toxin, anthrax lethal toxin, and shiga-like toxin, are examples of type III toxins. Many common human pathogens, such as S aureus, S pneumoniae, S pyogenes, E coli, and P aeruginosa, secrete an array of A/B toxins during microbial invasion. These tox ...
... Many well-known bacterial toxins, such as cholera toxin, anthrax lethal toxin, and shiga-like toxin, are examples of type III toxins. Many common human pathogens, such as S aureus, S pneumoniae, S pyogenes, E coli, and P aeruginosa, secrete an array of A/B toxins during microbial invasion. These tox ...
Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance against intestinal
... Box 1 | Origins of the concept of colonization resistance Antibiotic-associated susceptibility to secondary intestinal infections has been recognized for nearly as long as the therapeutic benefits of antibiotics. In the 1960s, it was shown that the minimum infective oral dose of Salmonella enterica ...
... Box 1 | Origins of the concept of colonization resistance Antibiotic-associated susceptibility to secondary intestinal infections has been recognized for nearly as long as the therapeutic benefits of antibiotics. In the 1960s, it was shown that the minimum infective oral dose of Salmonella enterica ...
Descriptors
... 10 heads within 1 month after flowering time Date of beginning of sprouting after ...
... 10 heads within 1 month after flowering time Date of beginning of sprouting after ...
The dynamics of acute inflammation
... Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a), Interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8 and High Motility Group Box-1 (HMGB-1) that activate more immune cells and recruit them to the sites of the infection (Cross and Opal, 2003). In addition, anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 and Transforming Growth Factor-b (TGF-b) are ...
... Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a), Interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8 and High Motility Group Box-1 (HMGB-1) that activate more immune cells and recruit them to the sites of the infection (Cross and Opal, 2003). In addition, anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 and Transforming Growth Factor-b (TGF-b) are ...
- Semantic Scholar
... (TEs), ranging from 1.3% to 7.2% of each assembly (see Table S2 in the supplemental material). These TEs have a lower GC content than the genome average; the GC content of the repetitive sequence ranges from 31 to 32% in the three Trichophyton spp. to 36% in M. gypseum and M. canis. The most repetit ...
... (TEs), ranging from 1.3% to 7.2% of each assembly (see Table S2 in the supplemental material). These TEs have a lower GC content than the genome average; the GC content of the repetitive sequence ranges from 31 to 32% in the three Trichophyton spp. to 36% in M. gypseum and M. canis. The most repetit ...
Phenotypic switching: an opportunity to bacteria thrive
... according to environmental fluctuations is termed as adaptive response. When environmental conditions alter, microorganisms trigger a set of complex regulatory networks that enable their survival. This microbial adaptation involves physiological, behavioural and genetic changes and can be achieved b ...
... according to environmental fluctuations is termed as adaptive response. When environmental conditions alter, microorganisms trigger a set of complex regulatory networks that enable their survival. This microbial adaptation involves physiological, behavioural and genetic changes and can be achieved b ...