Auxin Signaling in Arabidopsis Leaf Vascular
... auxin response patterns in developing Arabidopsis leaves as well as Arabidopsis mutants and transgenic plants to trace pathways of auxin signal transduction controlling the expression of early procambial genes. We show that in young Arabidopsis leaf primordia, molecular auxin response patterns presa ...
... auxin response patterns in developing Arabidopsis leaves as well as Arabidopsis mutants and transgenic plants to trace pathways of auxin signal transduction controlling the expression of early procambial genes. We show that in young Arabidopsis leaf primordia, molecular auxin response patterns presa ...
The parasitic wasp Cotesia congregata uses multiple mechanisms
... neural connections (Adamo, 2013). Immune-neural connections may be especially susceptible to manipulation because parasites must interfere with host immune systems to survive. Altering the signals the immune system sends to the host’s nervous system may thus be but a small evolutionary step for many ...
... neural connections (Adamo, 2013). Immune-neural connections may be especially susceptible to manipulation because parasites must interfere with host immune systems to survive. Altering the signals the immune system sends to the host’s nervous system may thus be but a small evolutionary step for many ...
Comparative genomics reveals conservative evolution of the xylem
... 2A). Poplar xylem unigenes also have few homologs (E ≤ 1e-50) in the gene indices of pine or spruce and in the gene models of Selaginella and moss (Figure 2A). These results suggest that the poplar xylem transcriptome is distinct compared to other vascular and nonvascular plants. Because gene models ...
... 2A). Poplar xylem unigenes also have few homologs (E ≤ 1e-50) in the gene indices of pine or spruce and in the gene models of Selaginella and moss (Figure 2A). These results suggest that the poplar xylem transcriptome is distinct compared to other vascular and nonvascular plants. Because gene models ...
Assessing Bacterial Interactions Using Carbohydrate-Based
... bacteria bound to the carbohydrate microarray being detected by a fluorescence microarray scanner. The use of carbohydrate microarrays to elucidate whole bacterial cell-carbohydrate interactions began to emerge when Disney and Seeberger [21] used a carbohydrate microarray for the detection of E. col ...
... bacteria bound to the carbohydrate microarray being detected by a fluorescence microarray scanner. The use of carbohydrate microarrays to elucidate whole bacterial cell-carbohydrate interactions began to emerge when Disney and Seeberger [21] used a carbohydrate microarray for the detection of E. col ...
Dietary strategies to improve calf health
... intestinal epithelium, are considered fetal-type at birth because they are largely vacuolated and can absorb intact macronutrients through pinocytosis. These fetal-type enterocytes are quickly replaced by more adult-like enterocytes. This process occurs from the proximal to distal intestines and fro ...
... intestinal epithelium, are considered fetal-type at birth because they are largely vacuolated and can absorb intact macronutrients through pinocytosis. These fetal-type enterocytes are quickly replaced by more adult-like enterocytes. This process occurs from the proximal to distal intestines and fro ...
Functional study of hemolymph coagulation in Zhi Wang Drosophila
... Multicellular organisms, including vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, are surrounded by a great variety of infectious agents including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and multicellular parasites. These infectious agents are usually prevented from entering the host body by a combination of phy ...
... Multicellular organisms, including vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, are surrounded by a great variety of infectious agents including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and multicellular parasites. These infectious agents are usually prevented from entering the host body by a combination of phy ...
Stress and immunity in wild vertebrates: Timing is everything
... is that it applies mostly to lymphocyte mediated immunity. Thus alterations in innate immunity, a major component of immunity, are not explained by this hypothesis. Existing hypotheses for stress–immune interactions also ignore the obvious: it makes little sense that organisms would suppress a syste ...
... is that it applies mostly to lymphocyte mediated immunity. Thus alterations in innate immunity, a major component of immunity, are not explained by this hypothesis. Existing hypotheses for stress–immune interactions also ignore the obvious: it makes little sense that organisms would suppress a syste ...
Parallels between Pathogens and Gluten Peptides in Celiac Sprue
... are prerequisite to disease as well. The gluten-induced pathogenesis of celiac sprue proceeds through a remarkably similar trajectory (Figure 1). Gluten peptides enter the body as components of common dietary grains, evade destruction by gastrointestinal proteases, invade across the intestinal epith ...
... are prerequisite to disease as well. The gluten-induced pathogenesis of celiac sprue proceeds through a remarkably similar trajectory (Figure 1). Gluten peptides enter the body as components of common dietary grains, evade destruction by gastrointestinal proteases, invade across the intestinal epith ...
Plant Biology 2008 Final Program Final program and abstracts of
... Intercontinental – Grand Salon II Intercontinental – Grand Salon I ...
... Intercontinental – Grand Salon II Intercontinental – Grand Salon I ...
The microbiome mutiny hypothesis: can our microbiome turn against
... 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus [21]. Of note, aging has the strongest impact on the incidence of pneumonia and urinary infections [20], which are often caused by opportunistic pathogens and which both provide a simple mechanism of increased shedding of the infectious microorganisms (coughing and bac ...
... 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus [21]. Of note, aging has the strongest impact on the incidence of pneumonia and urinary infections [20], which are often caused by opportunistic pathogens and which both provide a simple mechanism of increased shedding of the infectious microorganisms (coughing and bac ...
Proceedings Template - WORD
... reason to believe that they will also hold for immune systems that are either autoreactive, or immunodeficient. In particular, a possible route to autoimmunity would be a significant reversal in one or more of the above inequalities, while immunodeficiency could be induced by increasing the same par ...
... reason to believe that they will also hold for immune systems that are either autoreactive, or immunodeficient. In particular, a possible route to autoimmunity would be a significant reversal in one or more of the above inequalities, while immunodeficiency could be induced by increasing the same par ...
Augmenting the First Line of Defense in Gastrointentinal
... class(es) of MAPs from bacteria, fungi and others8-10. Structurally, TLRs are transmembrane receptors; they survey the extracellular fluids, including endosomal compartments8. In contrast, NLRs are present in the cytosol and respond to intracellular MAMPs. These may be invasive microbial cells or ce ...
... class(es) of MAPs from bacteria, fungi and others8-10. Structurally, TLRs are transmembrane receptors; they survey the extracellular fluids, including endosomal compartments8. In contrast, NLRs are present in the cytosol and respond to intracellular MAMPs. These may be invasive microbial cells or ce ...
The role of auxin in shaping shoot architecture
... The recessive petunia floozy (fzy) mutant is affected in floral organ primordia and vasculature formation. FLOOZY encodes a YUCCA-like gene, and the observed developmental defects resemble those reported in Arabidopsis (TobenaSantamaria et al., 2002; Cheng et al., 2006, 2007). Unlike in wild-type ...
... The recessive petunia floozy (fzy) mutant is affected in floral organ primordia and vasculature formation. FLOOZY encodes a YUCCA-like gene, and the observed developmental defects resemble those reported in Arabidopsis (TobenaSantamaria et al., 2002; Cheng et al., 2006, 2007). Unlike in wild-type ...
Strategies of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica to evade
... Immune responses of intestinal epithelial cells resist RNI. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NO plays a critical role in macrophagemediated killing of E. histolytica (Lin et al 1992; Seydel et al 2000). A pathogen can resist RNI by (i) interfering with the host cell production ...
... Immune responses of intestinal epithelial cells resist RNI. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NO plays a critical role in macrophagemediated killing of E. histolytica (Lin et al 1992; Seydel et al 2000). A pathogen can resist RNI by (i) interfering with the host cell production ...
Changing geographic ranges of ticks and tick
... of infection (Kurtenbach et al., 2006). While tick saliva contains many components that may inhibit the innate immune response, some functions are not affected and different host species may be differentially susceptible to different tickborne pathogen species or strains (Kurtenbach et al., 2002). ...
... of infection (Kurtenbach et al., 2006). While tick saliva contains many components that may inhibit the innate immune response, some functions are not affected and different host species may be differentially susceptible to different tickborne pathogen species or strains (Kurtenbach et al., 2002). ...
Xenopus in the Amphibian Ancestral Organization of the MHC
... In some nonmammalian species, there is only a single or few classical class I genes, perhaps due to a selection for coevolution with the Ag-processing genes. Thus, plasticity of class I genes in mammalian species is an evolutionarily derived characteristic (5, 7). Xenopus (especially Xenopus laevis ...
... In some nonmammalian species, there is only a single or few classical class I genes, perhaps due to a selection for coevolution with the Ag-processing genes. Thus, plasticity of class I genes in mammalian species is an evolutionarily derived characteristic (5, 7). Xenopus (especially Xenopus laevis ...
Pervasive adaptation in Plasmodium-interacting proteins in
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Oct. 16, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/081216. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Oct. 16, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/081216. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
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... species. While populations often persist at one place for a very long time, infrapopulations are by definition ephemeral and disappear with the death of the host organism. In a non-structured population, individual selection is the main driver of adaptive evolution. Such selection favours the fixati ...
... species. While populations often persist at one place for a very long time, infrapopulations are by definition ephemeral and disappear with the death of the host organism. In a non-structured population, individual selection is the main driver of adaptive evolution. Such selection favours the fixati ...
Recent Advances in Researches on Shrimp Immune Pathway
... Shrimp is an important aquaculture species. Litopenaeus vannamei, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Marsupenaeus japonicus, and Penaeus monodon are the main cultivated species in the world. The yield of shrimp culture was about 3,130,000 tons in the year 2013. Though shrimp industry has been made great prog ...
... Shrimp is an important aquaculture species. Litopenaeus vannamei, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Marsupenaeus japonicus, and Penaeus monodon are the main cultivated species in the world. The yield of shrimp culture was about 3,130,000 tons in the year 2013. Though shrimp industry has been made great prog ...
Radopolus similis East African Highland bananas (EAHB- AAA) inoculated with endophytic non-pathogenic
... introduced onto banana roots in the screen house. If two or more endophytes need to be inoculated into a single banana plant simultaneously, it is important that such isolates be effectively marked for identification upon re-isolation. While it is now known that the mode of protection with banana fu ...
... introduced onto banana roots in the screen house. If two or more endophytes need to be inoculated into a single banana plant simultaneously, it is important that such isolates be effectively marked for identification upon re-isolation. While it is now known that the mode of protection with banana fu ...
Toxoplasma gondii effectors are master regulators of the
... could not identify non-polymorphic Toxoplasma genes that determine virulence. Furthermore, it is currently unknown whether the identified polymorphic effectors are operative in species other than laboratory mice, as will be discussed below. ROP18 Genetic mapping of virulence in F1 progeny from a I ...
... could not identify non-polymorphic Toxoplasma genes that determine virulence. Furthermore, it is currently unknown whether the identified polymorphic effectors are operative in species other than laboratory mice, as will be discussed below. ROP18 Genetic mapping of virulence in F1 progeny from a I ...
Gene expression and plant performance ... Nicotiana tabacum abiotic stress.
... Genetic enginnering of plants, which involves the transfer of a sigle or multiple genes of interest to a plant genome, have been widely used both for introduction of desirable traits to plants and for a basic molecular biology study of gene function. A siginificant number of plants that have been tr ...
... Genetic enginnering of plants, which involves the transfer of a sigle or multiple genes of interest to a plant genome, have been widely used both for introduction of desirable traits to plants and for a basic molecular biology study of gene function. A siginificant number of plants that have been tr ...
For influenza B
... “If this frequent emergence of resistant mutants is found to be a general occurrence in children, it is a serious concern, especially since children are an important source of the spread of infection in the community.” Moscona A. NEJM 2005; 353: 1363-1373. ...
... “If this frequent emergence of resistant mutants is found to be a general occurrence in children, it is a serious concern, especially since children are an important source of the spread of infection in the community.” Moscona A. NEJM 2005; 353: 1363-1373. ...
Branching out in new directions: the control of root
... IAA28 is also important for LR initiation. The gain-offunction mutant iaa28 forms fewer LRs than the wild type: IAA28 is degraded by auxin and represses auxin-induced LR-formation genes. However, IAA28 mRNA levels are repressed by auxin, indicating a complex regulation of IAA28 during auxin signalli ...
... IAA28 is also important for LR initiation. The gain-offunction mutant iaa28 forms fewer LRs than the wild type: IAA28 is degraded by auxin and represses auxin-induced LR-formation genes. However, IAA28 mRNA levels are repressed by auxin, indicating a complex regulation of IAA28 during auxin signalli ...