Phenotypic switching: an opportunity to bacteria thrive
... according to environmental fluctuations is termed as adaptive response. When environmental conditions alter, microorganisms trigger a set of complex regulatory networks that enable their survival. This microbial adaptation involves physiological, behavioural and genetic changes and can be achieved b ...
... according to environmental fluctuations is termed as adaptive response. When environmental conditions alter, microorganisms trigger a set of complex regulatory networks that enable their survival. This microbial adaptation involves physiological, behavioural and genetic changes and can be achieved b ...
Maintenance of Sex-Linked Deleterious Alleles by Selfing and
... greatly accelerate the accumulation of mildly deleterious mutations (Higgins and Lynch 2001; Glemin et al. 2003), not because of selection at different levels, but merely because stochasticity renders them nearly invisible to natural selection. In this case, however, polymorphism cannot be maintaine ...
... greatly accelerate the accumulation of mildly deleterious mutations (Higgins and Lynch 2001; Glemin et al. 2003), not because of selection at different levels, but merely because stochasticity renders them nearly invisible to natural selection. In this case, however, polymorphism cannot be maintaine ...
Inflammasomes Reassessing the Evolutionary Importance of
... Indeed, many pathogens evade inflammasome detection. For example, S. typhimurium induces rapid and profound caspase1 activation in vitro. However, S. typhimurium encodes two T3SSs (SPI-1 and SPI-2), of which only SPI-1 is detected by NLRC4. Therefore, upon host cell entry and during the systemic pha ...
... Indeed, many pathogens evade inflammasome detection. For example, S. typhimurium induces rapid and profound caspase1 activation in vitro. However, S. typhimurium encodes two T3SSs (SPI-1 and SPI-2), of which only SPI-1 is detected by NLRC4. Therefore, upon host cell entry and during the systemic pha ...
Principles of a Computer Immune System
... Diversity: By making systems diverse, security vulnerabilities in one system are less likely to be widespread. There are two ways in which systems can be diverse: the protection systems can be unique (as in natural immune systems and in [5]) or the protected systems can be diversified (as suggested ...
... Diversity: By making systems diverse, security vulnerabilities in one system are less likely to be widespread. There are two ways in which systems can be diverse: the protection systems can be unique (as in natural immune systems and in [5]) or the protected systems can be diversified (as suggested ...
Replace, reuse, recycle: improving the sustainable use of
... as well as constructed tanks for phytoremediation, are all employed globally. Water hyacinth, knotgrass, and cattail can all be grown to capture nutrients in natural or managed wetlands (Fedler and Duan, 2011). Floating macrophytes such as duckweed (E.g. Lemna sp. or Spirodela sp.) have also shown p ...
... as well as constructed tanks for phytoremediation, are all employed globally. Water hyacinth, knotgrass, and cattail can all be grown to capture nutrients in natural or managed wetlands (Fedler and Duan, 2011). Floating macrophytes such as duckweed (E.g. Lemna sp. or Spirodela sp.) have also shown p ...
Timing of powdery mildew cleistothecium
... the vine and release wind-disseminated ascospores in the spring (Cortesi et al., 1995). In Italy, cleistothecia were formed in autumn in both 1994 and 1995, and their dispersal started in late September to mid-October, with the highest number of cleistothecia trapped in funnels during the second hal ...
... the vine and release wind-disseminated ascospores in the spring (Cortesi et al., 1995). In Italy, cleistothecia were formed in autumn in both 1994 and 1995, and their dispersal started in late September to mid-October, with the highest number of cleistothecia trapped in funnels during the second hal ...
Human immune responses to Plasmodium
... alternative pathway may be needed to achieve this host immune response. To gain a better understanding of host immune response patterns associated with P. falciparum infection in humans, this study carried out transcriptional profiling using microarray analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ...
... alternative pathway may be needed to achieve this host immune response. To gain a better understanding of host immune response patterns associated with P. falciparum infection in humans, this study carried out transcriptional profiling using microarray analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ...
Candida Infections: An Update on Host Immune Defenses and Anti
... within the 5 and 3′ domains of the ALS9 coding region, this protein exhibits the greatest allelic variability in the ALS gene family. ALS9-2, rather than ALS9-1, plays a role in vascular endothelium adhesion, suggesting allelic functional differences between strains[27]. Allelic diversity in ALS gen ...
... within the 5 and 3′ domains of the ALS9 coding region, this protein exhibits the greatest allelic variability in the ALS gene family. ALS9-2, rather than ALS9-1, plays a role in vascular endothelium adhesion, suggesting allelic functional differences between strains[27]. Allelic diversity in ALS gen ...
- Wiley Online Library
... This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
... This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
MAKING SURE HUNGRY PLANTS GET FED: THE DUAL-TARGETED PURPLE ACID PHOSPHATASE
... surface waters results in environmentally destructive processes such as aquatic eutrophication and blooms of toxic cyanobacteria. In order to ensure agricultural sustainability and a reduction in Pi fertilizer overuse, plant and soil science research must address the need to bioengineer Pi-efficient ...
... surface waters results in environmentally destructive processes such as aquatic eutrophication and blooms of toxic cyanobacteria. In order to ensure agricultural sustainability and a reduction in Pi fertilizer overuse, plant and soil science research must address the need to bioengineer Pi-efficient ...
Plant proteins that inactivate foreign ribosomes
... host plant which can, in fact, become virus-infected despite the presence of high concentrations of RIP (3). Other postulated biological roles of RIPs include regulating protein synthesis in plants (7, 39), maintaining species integrity (1), and serving as antibiotics against ribosome-containing par ...
... host plant which can, in fact, become virus-infected despite the presence of high concentrations of RIP (3). Other postulated biological roles of RIPs include regulating protein synthesis in plants (7, 39), maintaining species integrity (1), and serving as antibiotics against ribosome-containing par ...
Assigned Reading - Esko Lab - University of California San Diego
... to our understanding of lectins but has been a tireless and highly effective advocate for glycobiology worldwide. It is with great pleasure and appreciation that the editors provide the following historical perspective of these two leaders in the field. Received on November 25, 2003; revised on June ...
... to our understanding of lectins but has been a tireless and highly effective advocate for glycobiology worldwide. It is with great pleasure and appreciation that the editors provide the following historical perspective of these two leaders in the field. Received on November 25, 2003; revised on June ...
Biotechnological Applications of Bacterial Endophytes
... protocols are (i) that all microbes present on the plant’s surface are killed but also (ii) that these procedures have an as small as possible negative effect on the endophyte population. It is clear that the more stringent the used sterilisation protocol is, the lesser endophytes will be found. So, ...
... protocols are (i) that all microbes present on the plant’s surface are killed but also (ii) that these procedures have an as small as possible negative effect on the endophyte population. It is clear that the more stringent the used sterilisation protocol is, the lesser endophytes will be found. So, ...
Current Biotechnology.
... protocols are (i) that all microbes present on the plant’s surface are killed but also (ii) that these procedures have an as small as possible negative effect on the endophyte population. It is clear that the more stringent the used sterilisation protocol is, the lesser endophytes will be found. So, ...
... protocols are (i) that all microbes present on the plant’s surface are killed but also (ii) that these procedures have an as small as possible negative effect on the endophyte population. It is clear that the more stringent the used sterilisation protocol is, the lesser endophytes will be found. So, ...
Fernando González-Andrés Rebeca Mulas
... S1-P-06 Study of bacteria diversity in different zones of the Lebrija marshes Vasseur M, Barcia-Piedras JM, Redondo-Gómez S, Rodríguez-Llorente ID, Aguado A, Camacho M. . 20 S1-P-07 Diversity of medic rhizobia in Egypt is marked by dominance of two genetic types El Batanony NH, Castellano-Hinojosa A ...
... S1-P-06 Study of bacteria diversity in different zones of the Lebrija marshes Vasseur M, Barcia-Piedras JM, Redondo-Gómez S, Rodríguez-Llorente ID, Aguado A, Camacho M. . 20 S1-P-07 Diversity of medic rhizobia in Egypt is marked by dominance of two genetic types El Batanony NH, Castellano-Hinojosa A ...
prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of lactose fermenting
... different samples are collected from variety of clinical labs and hospitals and from in these samples lactose fermenting organisms screening for further study. Nearly 40 lactose fermenting strains are used to test different antibiotics like streptomycin,Impenem,Cefaxime,Ceftaxin,AzthrimycinCiproflax ...
... different samples are collected from variety of clinical labs and hospitals and from in these samples lactose fermenting organisms screening for further study. Nearly 40 lactose fermenting strains are used to test different antibiotics like streptomycin,Impenem,Cefaxime,Ceftaxin,AzthrimycinCiproflax ...
Pertussis is a highly contagious infectious disease of the respiratory
... every child contracted pertussis. The disease is most severe in neonates and children under the age of 1. Introduction of mass vaccination reduced the number of pertussis cases significantly and resulted in a 10-fold decrease in pertussis mortality in the Netherlands in the late 1950s. Despite vacci ...
... every child contracted pertussis. The disease is most severe in neonates and children under the age of 1. Introduction of mass vaccination reduced the number of pertussis cases significantly and resulted in a 10-fold decrease in pertussis mortality in the Netherlands in the late 1950s. Despite vacci ...
Metabolic regulation underlying tomato fruit
... fruits with colourless pericarp tissue showing excessive loss of cell adhesion (Thompson et al., 1999). Subsequent studies using PCR and biochemical analyses demonstrated that the expression and activity of a wide range of cell wall-degrading enzymes was altered in cnr during development and ripenin ...
... fruits with colourless pericarp tissue showing excessive loss of cell adhesion (Thompson et al., 1999). Subsequent studies using PCR and biochemical analyses demonstrated that the expression and activity of a wide range of cell wall-degrading enzymes was altered in cnr during development and ripenin ...
Microbiota and Host Nutrition across Plant and Animal Kingdoms
... healthy status is the norm, and soil-resident microbes contribute to plant health. This is illustrated by a higher disease severity following pathogen inoculation when plants are grown in pasteurized compared to non-pasteurized soils (Weller et al., 2002). In addition, so-called disease-suppressive ...
... healthy status is the norm, and soil-resident microbes contribute to plant health. This is illustrated by a higher disease severity following pathogen inoculation when plants are grown in pasteurized compared to non-pasteurized soils (Weller et al., 2002). In addition, so-called disease-suppressive ...
Full Text - Wyno Academic Journals
... resistance by pathogens could have occurred separate from the perceived notion that resistance stems from subtherapeutic uses of antibiotics in feedlot animals or sub-therapeutic administration to humans. Likely in the millions of years of existence of plants and animals and pathogens on Planet Eart ...
... resistance by pathogens could have occurred separate from the perceived notion that resistance stems from subtherapeutic uses of antibiotics in feedlot animals or sub-therapeutic administration to humans. Likely in the millions of years of existence of plants and animals and pathogens on Planet Eart ...
Evaluation of the anthracnose reactions in dry beans in the Coop
... Tu 1989; Tu 1981). Pod infection results in the formation of brown lesions on the seed. A high incidence of seed discoloration greatly reduces the value of the seed. Seed infection also results in reduced germination rates, poor seedling vigor and seedling death (Mohammed et al. 2005, 2007). Anthrac ...
... Tu 1989; Tu 1981). Pod infection results in the formation of brown lesions on the seed. A high incidence of seed discoloration greatly reduces the value of the seed. Seed infection also results in reduced germination rates, poor seedling vigor and seedling death (Mohammed et al. 2005, 2007). Anthrac ...
Part I
... testing costs. The use of markers for MAS and MAB will be discussed in the next section. In short, the application of molecular marker technology in forestry is extensive and likely to expand in the years ahead. Marker-assisted selection and marker-assisted breeding MAS and MAB refer to approaches t ...
... testing costs. The use of markers for MAS and MAB will be discussed in the next section. In short, the application of molecular marker technology in forestry is extensive and likely to expand in the years ahead. Marker-assisted selection and marker-assisted breeding MAS and MAB refer to approaches t ...
Biological nitrogen fixation in non-legume plants
... Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Frankiae form a coherent clade within actinobacteria, and that strains generally fall into three major groups or clusters (Normand et al., 1996; Benson and Clawson, 2000; Hahn, 2008). Cluster I consists of strains isolated from plants belonging to the order Fagale ...
... Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Frankiae form a coherent clade within actinobacteria, and that strains generally fall into three major groups or clusters (Normand et al., 1996; Benson and Clawson, 2000; Hahn, 2008). Cluster I consists of strains isolated from plants belonging to the order Fagale ...
An Immune System Perspective on Ecosystem Management
... less resilient ecosystem. How do ecological economic systems maintain resilience? Do they have to go to the gym? The resilience of ecological economic systems is strongly influenced by how they are managed. Instead of considering ecosystems in such a dynamic context, most resource practitioners have ...
... less resilient ecosystem. How do ecological economic systems maintain resilience? Do they have to go to the gym? The resilience of ecological economic systems is strongly influenced by how they are managed. Instead of considering ecosystems in such a dynamic context, most resource practitioners have ...
Engineering Salinity and Water-Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants
... demand of the ever-growing world population. Numerous genes associated to plant response(s) to drought and salinity stress have been identified and characterized, in most cases, in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, while many of these genes are potential candidates for improving tolerance to abi ...
... demand of the ever-growing world population. Numerous genes associated to plant response(s) to drought and salinity stress have been identified and characterized, in most cases, in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, while many of these genes are potential candidates for improving tolerance to abi ...